• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

Background: A critical shortage of donor organs has necessitated an investigation of new strategies to increase the availability of additional organs available for human transplantation. We investigated the amount of apoptosis and expression of GADD45 ${\beta}$ in two groups, a GADD45 ${\beta}$-transfected group and untransfected group. Material and Method: The experimental groups consist of a control group (normal H9C2 cell line) and GADD45 ${\beta}$-transfected group. After injury of the each group, we evaluated the expression of GADD45 ${\beta}$ and the level of apoptosis in each group. Result: There was a significant increase in the expression of GADD45 ${\beta}$ in the GADD45 ${\beta}$-transfected group at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after stimuli as compared with the control group. The amount of cardiac myoblast cell line apoptosis was significantly lower in the GADD45 ${\beta}$-transfected group as compared with the control group. The concentration of annex in in the GADD45 ${\beta}$-transfected group was significantly lower than that of the control. group after cell. injury. Conclusion: Transfection of a rat myoblast cell line with the GADD45 ${\beta}$ gene results in. decreased susceptibility to cell injury of human serum.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

Background: Ineffective cell-mediated immune response in human tuberculosis is associated with a depressed Thl cytokine response and reduced production of IFN-$\gamma$. Most persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are healthy tuberculin reactors with protective immunity, but a minority with ineffective immunity develop extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. The cell-mediated immune response is an important aspect of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and is believed to be tightly regulated by a balance between Th1 cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-18, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Th2 counterparts such as IL-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l). Methods: Proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES and MCP-l by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were compared in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cured and treatment failure and in tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative healthy subjects. Results: Defective proliferative responsiveness to aqueous TSP antigen was involved with treatment failure tuberculosis patients. Aqueous TSP antigen-induced IFN-$\gamma$ and RANTES mRNA expression was decreased in treatment failure tuberculosis patients compared with healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (23.1 % versus 90.0% for IFN-$\gamma$ and 46.2% versus 70.0% versus 46.2% for RANTES). The frequency of MCP-l mRNA expression to aqueous TSP antigen in treatment failure tuberculosis patients was greater than in healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (76.9% versus 40.0%). Conclusion: The increasing expression of MCP-1 mRNA in response to aqueous TSP antigen might be predicted to favor Th1 responses and restricted Th1 responses in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.4 s.111
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• pp.275-285
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• 2005

Ipriflavone (isoprofoxyisoflavone), a synthetic derivative from soy isoflavone diazein, has been shown to inhibit bone resorption and perhaps stimulate bone formation This study was performed to examine the effects of ipriflavone on the proliferation and bone remodeling in rat calvarial cells in vitro The rat calvarial cells were isolated from fetus aged 20 to 21 days and cultured In BGJb media The graded concentration of ipriflavone $(10^{-9}\;10^{-5}M)$ was administered into cultured cells. When the cell proliferation was estimated through the measurement of MTT assay, there was no increase in cellular proliferation of the rat calvarial cell at any ipriflavone concentration. The cellular activity was evaluated through the formation of mineralized nodules stained by alizarin red. The formation of mineralized nodules significantly increased at concentrations of $10^{-8}M,\;10^{-7}M\;and\;10^{-6}M$ ipriflavone. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses (RT-PCR) were done at 7 and 14 days after culture to detect the expression of Bone Sialoprotein (BSP), Type I Collagen (COL I) and Osteocalcin(OCN) As a result, the expressions of BSP and COL I increased on the 7th day of culture and the expression of OCN increased on the 14th day of culture. These results indicate that ipriflavone facilitates the bone remodeling process bvy promoting rat calvarial cell differentiation aid stimulating mineralization through increased expression of extracellular matrix genes. such as BSP. COL I and OCN.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if human PDL cells can produce osteoclastogenic mRNA and examine how compressive stress affects the expression of osteoclastogenic mRNA in human PDL cells. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from biscupids extracted for orthodontic treatment. The compressive force was adjusted by increasing the number of cover glasses. PDL cells were subjected to a compressive force of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or $4.0\;g/cm^2$ for 0.5, 1.5, 6, 24 or 48 hours. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to examine levels of M-CSF, IL-$1{\beta}$, RANKL, OPG mRNA expression. Results: Human PDL cells could produce M-CSF mRNA. Human PDL cells under compressive stress showed increased M-CSF, IL-$1{\beta}$ and RANKL mRNAs expression in a force (up to $2\;g/cm^2$) and time-dependent manner. However, OPG mRNA expression was constant regardless of the level and duration of stress. Conclusions: Continuous compressive stress induced the mRNA expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines including M-CSF, RANKL, IL-$1{\beta}$ in PDL cells. Together with an unchanged OPG mRNA level, these results suggest that compressive stress-induced osteoclastogenesis in vivo is partly controlled by M-CSF, RANKL and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression in PDL cells.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.453-459
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• 1999

Astrovirus is frequently associated with diarrhea in children. It can not be readily isolated by cell culture, and an electronmicroscope is usually used for detection of this agent. Recently in 1995 a combined method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was designed for easier detection of astrovirus, which is based on the conserved sequence in 3'-end of genomes of the 7 known serotypes of human astrovirus. As of yet there has not been any report of astrovirus data in Korea using the RT-PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to detect astrovirus incidence, severity of symptoms, seasonal variation and co infection rate with rotavirus in Korean children inpatients with diarrhea. Fecal specimens from 61 young children hospitalized with gasteroenteritis Korea from Jan. 1996 through Mar. 1997. They were examined for astroviurs infection by RT-PCR method. Results are as follows:1. Astrovirus was detected at 9.8% (6/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by EIA using monoclonal antibody coated plates. 2. Astorvirus was detected at 29.5% (18/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by RT-PCR. 3. The age of the 18 children affected by astrovirus ranged from 2 monthes to 7 years with mean of 3.0 years. 4. Mean hospital stay of the 18 children was 6.1 days. 5. Five (27.8%) astrovirus RT-PCR positive strains were confirmed in November and in December, respectively out of 18 specimens in total. 6. Astrovirus coinfection with rotavirus type G1 was confirmed in 15/16 specimens (93.8%), and with type G2 was in 1/16 specimens (6.3%).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV)-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from 658 children who had been hospitalized for LRTIs in Seoul National University (SNU) Children's Hospital and SNU Bundang Hospital from March 2000 to September 2005. Multiplex RT-PCR was performed to detect 11 respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3, influenza viruses A and B, human metapneumovirus, HBoV, human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43/ 229E, and HCoV-NL63. Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Overall, respiratory viruses were detected in 325 (49.4%) among 658 patients. HBoV was detected in 62 cases (9.4%) and was responsible for 19.1% of virus-positive cases. HBoV was prevalent among infants and young children aged from 3 months to 5 years with the mean age of 25.3 months. Co-detection of HBoV and other respiratory viruses was observed in 37.1% which is significantly higher than average co-detection rate (12.3%) among overall virus-positive cases (P=0.000). HBoV was identified mainly in late spring and early summer from May to July. Conclusion : This study describes epidemiologic features of HBoV in Korean children compared with those associated with other respiratory viruses. HBoV was prevalent among LRTIs in childhood, especially in late spring and early summer season in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in Oanscellular and Oansepithelial water movement. Uterine endometrium undergoes recurrent uterine stromal edema in response to hormonal stimuli, however, the mechanism regulating the fluid transport during the estrous cycle has not been fully understood. To investigate the possible role of AQPs in water movement in uterus during the estrous cycle, expression patterns of AQP -1, -3, -4, -5, -8, and -9 UMh in mouse uterus were analyzed by using semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-nR). We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection(LCM) and RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns in specific uterine cell types luminal epithelial cells(LE) and stromal cells(S). Our results showed that the level of AQP-4 mRNA was significantly increased while the level of AQP-3 mRNA was significantly decreased during the proestous through the estrus stage. In addition LCM revealed that AQP-4 and -8 mRNAs were highly expressed in LE compared with S. Taken together, these results suggest that AQPs may have an important function in physiological changes of mouse uterus during the estrous cycle.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The present study was performed to analyze the gene expressions of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP) and its receptor in the rat uterus, a candidate for novel extrahypothalamic source and target. The PACAP cDNA fragments corresponding to the common exon region which is found in both the rat hypothalamus and testis were produced from all tissue samples including the rat uterus by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No PCR product was amplified from the rat hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian and uterine samples when the 5' primer corresponding to the testis-specific exon 1 region was used, while the predicted size of product was detected from the testis sample. RT-PCR using the uterine RNA and specific primers for the PACAP receptor yielded products with predicted sizes. Transcripts for the rat uterine PACAP receptor were identified as type I isoforms with hip-hop and hip- or hop-type inserts. After pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (15 IU) treatment of immature rats (day 25), the level of PACAP mRNA was increased in 24 h and 48 h group, and was declined to the lowest in 72 h group. The present study shows the presence of transcripts for PACAP and its receptor isoform in the rat uterus. These finding ssuggest that the uterine PACAP ight act as a novel autocrine and/or paracrine factor via its specific receptors on the reglulation of rat uterine function and physiology during the reproductive cycle.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.152-163
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• 2010

This study investigated the changes in gene expression when mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MTA in a teflon tube (diameter 10 mm, height 2 mm) was applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. For microarray analysis, total RNA was extracted at 6, 24, and 72 hrs after MTA application. The results were confirmed selectively by performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes that showed changes of more than two-fold or less than half. Of the 24,546 genes, 109 genes were up-regulated greater than twofold (e.g., FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, and TUFT1) and 69 genes were down-regulated below 50% (e.g., SMAD6 and DCN). These results suggest that MTA, rather than being a bio-inert material, may have potential to affect the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells in various ways.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2009

Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), one of the CXC chemokines, is widely expressed in many tissues, including the thymus. The thymus can regenerate to its normal mass within 14 days after acute involution induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult rats. Despite the established role of SDF-1 signaling in the development of T and B lymphocytes in the thymus, it has not yet been associated with the regeneration of the adult thymus. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SDF-1, which is expressed in thymic stromal cells, is modulated during thymic regeneration in adult rats. Here, we showed that SDF-1 mRNAs were expressed in high levels in the thymocyte and thymic stromal cells at day 7 of the CY model. SDF-1 protein was shown to be present at the cortex-medulla junction, paraseptum and within the thymic medulla. Double-immunofluorescence for SDF-1 and ED-1 showed that strong SDF-1 expression was detected in the macrophages of the medulla region displaying immunoreactivity for ED-1 during thymus regeneration. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SDF-1 expression increased in regenerating thymic macrophages, suggesting the roles of SDF-1 as a chemo-attractant for damaged cells produced in the process of thymic regeneration after acute involution induced by CY.