• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

This study examined the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between maternal rejective parenting attitude and children's leadership as well as identified gender differences in the mediating pathways. The mediating effects of this study were examined after controlling the effect of maternal employment status on rejection parenting attitude and the effect of siblings on the children's leadership. Participants consisted of 330 five- and six-year-old children (151 boys and 179 girls) and their mothers. Data analyses included t-tests, F tests, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post-hoc tests and Pearson's correlation. Structure equation modeling examined the mediating effect of self-esteem. Bootstrapping method was applied to examine the significance of the mediating effects. Gender differences in the mediating effect were examined through multiple group path analyses. The results of this study were as follows. First, self-esteem mediated the relationship between the maternal rejective parenting attitude on children's leadership. Second, there was a significant gender difference in the mediating pathways with a full mediating effect of self-esteem for boys; however, there was only a partial mediating effect for the girls. This study has implication for investigating gender difference in the mediating mechanism of explaining variance in the leadership of preschoolers. The limitations and more implications of this study are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.261-292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explain the process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers with young children. The study participants were 16 mothers with young children. The data were collected through the interviews which were conducted during 10 months from March, 2013 to December, 2013. The Data were analyzed according to a grounded theory methodology. The process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers included 4 stages, which are as follows. 'Following inseparated social desire and demands', 'Looking around my desire and children's happiness', 'Rearranging interlacing desire' and 'Going to find my children's happiness and my happiness'. And the stages were interacting mothers'time perspectives and diverse ecosystems. Based on the results, the study discussed the characters of interaction on time perspectives and parenting, and discussed influences of meaning construction on happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 1995

This study was performed was performed to identify the predictability of maternal attitude from infant's temperament and mother's mental stability. It was focused on the comparison of the degree of predictability between infant's temperament and mother's mental stability. Data were collected from sixty-five mothers of infants. Mother's affective attitude was explained by both the maternal mental stability and the infant's temperament. After controlling the effect of mental stability, infant's temperament could explain the affective attitude. This result meant that infant's temperament showed the powerful effect on the maternal affective attitude. However, maternal controlling attitude was only explained by her mental stability but not by infant's temperament. This meant that infant's temperament could not explain mother's controlling behavior. However, interactive effect between infant's sex and temperament was found in the controlling attitude. Mothers showed more controlling attitude toward the difficult boys but not toward the difficult girls.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personal traits of children's characteristics as well as those of mothers' on the children's maladjustment behaviors. The study subjects were 345 preschooler-mother pairs. Results revealed that boys exhibited more maladjustment behaviors than girls, as expected. The results of a three way ANOVA analyses indicated that the multiple interactive factors of the children's temperament, cognitive outcomes, and parenting attitudes significantly affected the children's maladjustment behaviors. This trend was only representative across the sample of boys. In this study, the interaction effects of negative parenting attitudes and the children's lower levels of cognitive development on the children's maladjustment capacity were accentuated among boys with temperamental vulnerability.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.337-364
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• 2018

Abortion is prohibited in the Philippines by the law of Christianity. Korean fathers wanted abortions when Filipino mothers were pregnant with their babies (Kopino). However, Filipino mothers had to give birth to the Kopino babies. Therefore, Kopino mothers bring up their babies alone. This study tried to measure and compare what Korean and Filipino evaluate towards Kopino mothers explicitly or implicitly. In addition, this study examined how their attitudes towards Kopino mothers change when the Christianity was primed. As a result of this study, Filipino participants, both explicitly and implicitly, liked more about Kopino mothers than Korean participants. Also, Korean participants showed a little positive explicit attitude and implicit attitude towards Kopino mothers. However, Korean males answered that they liked Kopino mothers at the explicit scale, but they had a negative attitude against Kopino mothers at the implicit level. After activating the Christianity by priming, Filipino participants showed a significant increase of positive attitude towards Kopino mothers at the implicit level. On the other hand, Korean participants remained unaffected. Hence, the priming effect of Christianity varied by country. This study confirmed that Korean females didn't have prejudice against Kopino mothers like Filipino but Korean males had prejudice against them.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.477-490
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• 2019

This study analyzes the process of overcoming prejudice and discrimination experiences of mothers with disabilities and looks for improvement points. It is interviewed 9 mothers of children with disabilities who were experiencing prejudice and discrimination while raising children with disabilities. The data collection was conducted from October to November, 2018 and one by on one in depth interview by using semi - structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done through consensual qualitative research (CQR). The result of CQR while it is a experiencing the process of prejudice and discrimination as well as coping the raising disabled children. 'Prejudice and discrimination experience of mothers with disabilities' and 'overcoming of discrimination experiences of mothers with disabilities' were derived. And the seven sub-regions, 28 categories, were finally constructed. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, Prejudice and discrimination experiences of mothers with disabilities in raising children with disabilities are view of looking at children with disabilities comparing to those of normal children and children with disabilities. It seems that they want to treat the disabled child as the general child with an attitude of understanding and accepting the disabled child rather than looking at the disabled child with wrong perception, prejudice, stereotypes and rejection. Secondly, The process of overcoming the discrimination experiences of the mother of the disabled child is strengthening the cohesion and cohesion within the family in the process of accepting and coping with the disability family of the child with disabilities even if they raise the child with disability and have difficulties such as recognition bias and discrimination of the general public. Based on the results of this study, we suggested practical and policy implications for the mother's psychological stability of the child with disability and the disabled child's healthy life.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2008

Purpose: Although Hemophilia is a relatively rare hereditary disease, and is treatable with blood products, the parenting stress and guilt of hemophilic patients and their mothers are always high. This study was done to assess the extent of parenting stress, guilt, parenting attitude and parenting satisfaction of mothers with a hemophilic child. Method: The participants in this study were 119 mothers with a hemophilic child who were registered members of the Korea Hemophilia Foundation, and 287 mothers with a healthy child. In order to measure the dimensions related to parenting stress, guilt, parenting attitude and parenting satisfaction, the Questionnaire on Parenting Stress Index, Maternal Guilt Scale, Parenting Attitude Scale & Parenting Satisfaction Scale were administered. We analysed the differences between mothers with a hemophilic child and a healthy child in the questionnaire scores using the SPSS program. Result: Parenting stress and guilt of mothers with a hemophilic child were higher than with a healthy child. Parenting attitude and parenting satisfaction of mothers with a hemophilic child were lower than with a healthy child. Conclusion: The results may help medical professionals understand mothers with a hemophilic child and give basic assistance to develop a nursing intervention by exploring possible ways to alleviate such parenting stress and guilt.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.161-184
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions in treatments and experiences of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) for mothers parenting a child with ADHD. Using Giorgi's 4 stages, this study investigated the meaning of ADHD treatments for mothers. Data were collected from December 2014 to February 2015 for 3 months with a sample of 13 mothers of children with ADHD via in-depth interviews. Collected data was analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Dominant issues identified were: I (mother) need to be changed for my child; Through mothers' experiences of lack of self-determination about a child with ADHD, they realized ignorance, chaos, and anxiety. While they experience multiple negative feeling, there is a positive change with unresolved issues. The findings highlight the correct awareness of ADHD and incorporated therapies for mothers and children with ADHD to improve treatment retention. Also, specialized services would be developed for mothers to promote their positive attitude to life, which is vital to cultivating the correct self-awareness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 1988

Systematic Training for Effective Parenting, developed by Dinkmeyer and McKay, is a parent education program that emphasizes social-emotional development. The present research studied the applicability of STEP to Korean mothers by examining changes in mothers' self-concept, mother's child-rearing attitudes, and children's behavior. The subjects of this study were 43 mothers of a kindergarten in Chonju City. 25 mothers were assigned to the control group and 18 mothers to the experimental group. Primary observes, consisting of 43 fathers of kindergarten children, and secondary observers, consisting of 43 Woosuk University students observed mothers' child-rearing attitudes and children's behavior. Instruments included the self-concept test by Jung Woonsik, Schaefer's Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, O Kiseon's Parent Child Relationship Test, Fear's parent questionnaire, and McKay's Adlerian Parental Assessment of Child Behavior. The mothers' child-rearing attitudes and the children's behavior are recorded by the observers and were compared with mothers' responses. The data were analyzed by MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance), and ANOVA (analysis of variance). While the MANOVA showed no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups in changing the mothers' self-concept, differences in 5 of the 8 subfactors showed that STEP implemented positive change in the self-identity, self-satisfaction, self-behavior, personal self and family self in the experimental group. The MANOVA showed a significant difference between the two groups in changing the mothers' child-rearing attitudes. That is after participating in the STEP program, the mothers of the experimental group showed more significant progress than those of the control group. Mothers' observations of positive change in children's behavior agreed with those of the primary and secondary observers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mother-child interactions in terms of maternal child- rearing behavior, maternal self-esteem, and their school-age children's self-esteem. The subjects were, all living in the Seoul area. A pre-test was conducted twice on 98 subjects. Each time the values of Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ were obtained on maternal behavior, maternal self-esteem and children's self-esteem. Data analysis was by ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation. multiple regression analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Children's self-esteem was positively related (1) to family background factors:educational level, employment status of mothers, social economic status, and number of siblings (2) to maternal self-esteem and (3) to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of affection, acceptance, and encouragement of independency. Children's self-esteem was negatively related to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of hostility, rejection and encouragement of dependency. The relative importance of independent variables on children's self-esteem was found to be in the following order:mother's educational level. social economic status, and number of siblings (${\beta}=0.5935$, p< .001), maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension (${\beta}=0.0849$, p< .001), and in the acceptance-rejection dimension(${\beta}=0.0365$, p< .05). The regression model showed that 25 percent of the children's self-esteem could be accounted for by family background factors. and maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension and the acceptance-rejection dimension ($R^2=0.25$).