• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.427-433
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• 2012

This study aimed at identifying changes in the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and arm when the caudal gliding gradeII and III of Kaltenborn-Evjenth Concept$^{(R)}$ are applied to the right glenohumeral joint. The humeral head moved down about 5mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about 8mm from the initial position when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although men showed a higher acromiohumeral distance per grade than women in comparisons by gender for the acromiohumeral distance, there was no significant difference in statistics. The Abduction angle improved about $10^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeII was applied, and about $12^{\circ}$ from the initial angle when the gliding gradeIII was applied. Although women showed the abduction angle greater than men for every grade in comparisons by gender for the abduction angle, there was no significant difference in statistics. Based on the aforesaid findings, the extent of kinematic changes in the humeral head could be identified when the gliding grades were applied. Accordingly, it is considered that more scientific evidence based treatments could be expected if influences on the surrounding structures by these changes could be learned through more studies in the future.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

A virtual arthroscopy is a simulation of optical arthroscopy that reconstructs anatomical structures from tomographic images in joint region such as a knee, a shoulder and a wrist. In this paper, we propose a virtual arthroscopy based on isosurface raycasting, which is a kind of volume rendering methods for generating 3D images within a short time. Our method exploits a spatial data structure called min-max map to produce high-quality images in near real-time. Also we devise a physically-based camera control model using potential field. So a virtual camera can fly through in articular cavity without restriction. Using the high-speed rendering method and realistic camera control model, we developed a virtual arthroscopy system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.454-466
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise program on cardiopulmonary functions and shoulder joint functioning in breast cancer patients who under- went radiation therapy after surgery. Method: Subjects in the experimental group(N=12) participated in an exercise program for eight weeks. The Exercise program consisted of shoulder stretching, arm weight training, and walking on treadmill. Maximal oxygen uptake (v2max), maximal running time, shoulder joint range of motion, and shoulder functional assessment were determined before and after the exercise program. Baseline sociodemographic and medical data were compared between experimental group and control group using the Fisher's exact test and Mann- Whitney U test. For effects of the exercise program, repeated measures ANOVA were used. Result: 1) Following the exercise program for eight weeks, both v$\alpha$ max and maximal running time tended to increase in experimental group comparing with the control group. 2) Shoulder abduction, extension and flexion of the operated upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). 3) Shoulder flexion of the normal upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the exercise program for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy after breast surgery can improve shoulder functions and increase cardiopulmonary functions, which are maximal oxygen uptake and maximal running time.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2003

The shoulder is a complex joint and, by virtue of having a large range of motion, is inherently unstable, relying on the surrounding soft tissue structures for stability. The bony joint consists of the glenoid, acromion, and humoral head, while the soft tissues include the glenoid labrum, the glenohumeral ligaments. and coracoacromial ligament as well as the muscles of the rotator cuff, the long head of the biceps, and the scapulothoracic muscles. Dysfunction in any one of these components can cause shoulder problems. The throwing motion involves a series of phases that stress to their limits the dynamic and static restraints of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. . Therefore, maintaining a balance of proper biomechanical forces is essential to avoiding shoulder injuries in throwing athletes. Over the last decade, signficant advances have been made in the study and understanding of the shoulder mechanics, and pathophysiology of injury. Additionally, advances in surgical techniques, particularly arthroscopy , have aided in the diagnosis of and the developement of less invasive surgical treatments for injuries that do not respond to nonoperative measures. In this article, we reviewed the pathophysiology of injuries , diagnostic techniques, and surgical management of shoulder injuries in throwing athletes .

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

Background: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Spencer technique on the range of motion (ROM), Pain, function in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Methods: subjects consisted of 30patients who were diagnosed shoulder adhesive capsulitis. All subjects are randomly assigned to 2groups: Spencer technique (ST) group (n=15), self assistive ROM exercise(S-A ROM E) group (n=15). The subjects performed an intervention program 30 minuets per day and was repeated 3 times a week for 4 weeks a total of 12 times. ROM of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation were measured using a goniometer. The visual analog scale (VAS), Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) were used to measure pain, functional ability. Results: In the intergroup comparisons after the intervention, ROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation, VAS, SPADI were significantly different(p<.05). Spencer technique was more effective for improving ROM, pain, functional ability than self assistive ROM exercise. Conclusions: Our study suggest that considering Spencer technique for the patient with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. Further studies on Spencer technique are needed in the future.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

Background: Patients after rotator cuff (RC) surgery experienced pain, weakness and limited of motion of the shoulder. Physical therapists have used heat therapy, electrotherapy, range of motion (ROM) exercise and other methods to treat patients after RC surgery. In addition, functional taping is also used to support joint movement and to increase shoulder joint stability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the initial effects of functional taping using non-elastic tape on pain, strength and ROM of the shoulder following RC surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients with who underwent RC surgery volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, $n_1=25$) and a control group (CG, $n_2=23$). First, non-allergic tape was applied to the shoulder to prevent skin irritation. The EG applied functional taping using non-elastic tape and the CG applied sham taping using elastic tape. Assessment tools included the shoulder pain and disability index for functional activity score, visual analog scale for level of pain, shoulder muscle strength, hand grip strength and ROM testing. Results: Pain score in the both group significantly decreased (p<.05), and change in pain score of in the EG increased significantly than in the CG (p<.05). Shoulder strength and ROM in the both group significantly increased (p<.05). Especially external rotation and extension of the shoulder ROM in the EG increased significantly more than in the CG (p<.05), but the rate of change in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that functional taping using non-elastic tape was initially effective in decreasing pain score level in patients with RC surgery.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2012

In this study, an exoskeleton-type robot is developed to assist frozen shoulder rehabilitation in a systematic and efficient manner for humans. The developed robot has two main features. The first is a structural feature: this robot was designed to rehabilitate both shoulders of a patient, and the three axes of the shoulder meet at one point to generate human-like ball joint motions. The second is a functional feature that is divided into two rehabilitation modes: the first mode is a joint rehabilitation mode that helps to recover the shoulder's original range of motion by moving the patient's shoulder according to patterns obtained by motion capture, and the second mode is a muscle rehabilitation mode that strengthens the shoulder muscles by suitably resisting the patient's motion. Through these two modes, frozen shoulder rehabilitation can be performed systematically according to the patient's condition. The development procedure is described in detail.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5689-5697
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of scapular taping on muscle activities of the scapular rotators and anterior deltoid, ROM, shoulder pain, proprioception in subacute stroke patients. Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to an experimental and control groups of fourteen patients respectively. Muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid was measured using surface electromyography. Visual analog scale was used for shoulder pain. Electro-Goniometry was used for shoulder elevation ROM. Assessment board was used for shoulder elevation proprioception. The muscle activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior increased significantly after scapular tape application (p<0.05). The AROM and PROM in the shoulder elevation significantly increased after scapular tape application (p<0.05). The VAS in the shoulder no significantly decreased after scapular tape application (p>0.05). The proprioception in the shoulder no significantly increased after scapular tape application (p>0.05). The results of this study suggest that scapular taping can be used an additional therapy for increasing muscle activity of lower trapezius and serratus anterior and ROM during shoulder elevation in subacute stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.121-138
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• 1996

Impingement syndrome is mechanical impingement between the greater tubercle of the humerus and the under surface of the coracoacromial arch, is a common source of shoulder pain in the athletes as well as non-athletes. Several factors contribute to shoulder impingement syndrome, including rotator cuff weakness, capsular tightness, poor scapulohumeral rhythm, and muscle imbalance of the scapular upward rotation force couple. The purpose of this article is to review current concepts of anatomy and biomechanics and the underlying pathomechanics as it relates to evaluation and treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.449-462
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to measure the range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb for flower arrangement tasks for physical rehabilitation and to test horticultural therapy programs using flower arrangement tasks for improving upper limb function of the patients with stroke. Major flower arrangement tasks were classified with eight tasks (cutting 1, thick stem; cutting 2, thin stem; fixing 1, long stem; fixing 2, short stem; rolling a leaf; bending 1, thick stem; bending 2, thin stem; and winding, using a wire) based on the occupational analysis. When eight male university students (mean age $24.1{\pm}2.5$ years) conducted the eight flower arrangement tasks, range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb were measured by a 3D motion analyzer and electromyography, respectively. Based on the results of the range of motion and muscle activation of upper limb, horticultural therapy programs using flower arrangement tasks (total 33 sessions) for improving upper limb function of the patients with stroke was conducted at a rehabilitation hospital, Seoul, South Korea and then the range of motion, grip strength, and upper limb function of the patients were tested. Among the eight flower arrangement tasks, cutting 1, winding, and bending 1 induced the highest value for the range of motion in joints of shoulder, elbow, and wrist, respectively (P < 0.001). In terms of muscle activation, eight flower arrangement tasks performed in this study showed various patterns of muscle activation and several muscles were simultaneously used for each task (P < 0.001). In addition, thickness and length of the materials used in a task had a prominent effect on the range of motion for joints and muscle activation of upper limb (P < 0.001). The stroke patients had positive effects for their range of motion of upper limb (shoulder, forearm, and elbow), grip strength, and overall upper limb function through the horticultural therapy program. Thus, this study suggested that flower arrangement tasks would be a potential horticultural activity for physical rehabilitation program. It would be interesting to apply a customized horticultural therapy program using flower arrangement tasks according to the symptoms of patient for physical rehabilitation.