• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.4-4
• /
• 2023

다국적 제약회사에서 생산되는 제약화합물은 인간의 질병치료 뿐만 아니라 가축의 생산성을 향상시키는 물질으로도 활발하게 생산되는데 육우의 성장을 촉진하는 기능성 화합물들도 많이 있다. 북미에서 생산되는 소고기의 약 80%가 1번 이상의 성장촉진기술들이 활용되고 있다고 보고된다. 고기소로 생산되는 비육우에 적용되는 방법은 크게 피하 이식에 의해 혈류를 타고 성장을 촉진하는 17β-Estradiol과 합성 남성호르몬제인 Trenbolone acetate가 주로 활용되고, 비육후기 사료에 섞어서 급여하는 사료첨가제 형태인 β2-adrenergic agonist 같은 형태로 적용하게 된다. 근육을 성장하는 기술의 작용기전은 많은 선행연구에 의해 밝혀져 있는 반면 천연 알칼로이드 성분들의 기전은 밝혀진 것이 많지 않다. 한방제재들에서 많이 발견되는 알칼로이드 성분들은 생리활성 기능들을 가진 것으로 알려져 있지만, 생산, 수거, 가공, 추출 등의 공정에서 많은 비용이 발생하므로 비육우의 사료화 가능성은 아주 희박하다. 따라서 비용을 최소화 할 수 있는 후보재료를 검색중에 감자부산물을 확보하였고 기능성 물질의 추출과 사료첨가제 화 하여 비육우에 급여시험을 실시하였다. α-solanine과 α-chaconine은 감자의 잎, 과일 및 괴경에서 발견되는 글리코알칼로이드 화합물로, 쥐, 토끼, 닭과 같은 다양한 동물 모델에서 중독성을 가진 물질로 보고 되고 있다. 최근 연구에서는 비육우의 성능을 유도하는 데 사용되는 것으로 나타났다. 한우 송아지 3마리의 사태(Semimembranosus)와 등심(Longissimus Dorci)근육에서 추출된 근육위성 세포(BSC)에 다양한 수준의 α-solanine(control, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10μM)으로 처리해본 결과 근육관련 지표인 MHC2X과 β2-AR의 발현이 높게 나타난 것을 확인했다. 사료급여실험에서는 대조군에 비해 급여군의 등심단면적과 도체중이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 감자유래 농산부산물은 한우 비육우의 근육의 성장을 증가시키고, 그 작용기전은 β2-수용체에 작용하여 단백질 합성을 촉진시켜 근육을 축적시키는 것으로 확인하였다. 농산부산물을 이용한 기능성 사료개발은 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 축산분야 탄소저감을 개선할 수 있는 기술로 축산의 업사이클링 기술로 활용 가능하다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.158-169
• /
• 2019

Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxin produced by fungi of the Claviceps genus, mainly by Claviceps purpurea in EU. Recently obtained informations indicates necessity for control the ergot in imported grains. Recent occurrence data of ergot alkaloids from EU countries indicate the necessities of management and control these toxins from the imported grains like rye, wheat, oat etc. The aim of this study is to optimize the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of ergot alkaloids (ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, ergocristine and their epimers (-inines) from grain and grain-based food. The test method was optimized by extracting the sample with acetonitrile containing 2 mM ammonium carbonate, purification with Mycosep cartridge, and instrumental analysis by LC-MS/MS using Syncronis C18 column. The standard calibration curves showed linearity with correlation coefficents; $R^2$ >0.99. Mean recoveries ranged from 72.0 to 111.3% at three different fortified levels (20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/kg$). The correlation coefficient expressed as precision was within the range of 1.9-12.9%. The limit or quantifications (LOQ) ranged from 0.012 to $0.058{\mu}g/kg$. The developed analytical method met the criteria of AOAC Int. and CAC validation parameters like accuracy and sensitivity. As a result, it was confirmed that the test method developed in this study is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of six species of ergot alkaloid from grains and grain products.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.252-261
• /
• 2019

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants all over the world as a defense mechanism against herbivores. To date, over 660 PAs have been identified from more than 6,000 plant species that have been reported to be widely present in plants belonging to Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, and Fabaceae. This study describes an analytical method based on UPLC-MS/MS for the quantitation of 7 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Lycopsamine, Echimidine, Retrorsine, Retrorsine N-oxide, Senecionine, Heliotrine, and Trichodesmine) in honey, and was applied to 84 honey samples for validation. Quantitation was performed based on a matrix-matched calibration to compensate for the matrix effect on the electrospray ionization. Good linear calibrations were obtained for all 7 PAs in the spiked honey samples (2.575-202.14 ㎍/kg; R² ≥ 0.998). The extraction recoveries for most of the PAs in the honey samples were in the range of 81 %-108 %. The analysis showed that 6 of the 84 honey samples were contaminated by the PAs with the mean total sum of PAs being 47.19 ㎍/kg, and the concentrations of the PAs were observed to be in the range of 1.76-202.1 ㎍/kg. The retronecine type compounds (Echimidine, Lycopsamine) were the most frequently found PAs in honey. These data provide useful information for the assessment of human risk posed by the consumption of honey contaminated PAs.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 1993

${\beta}$-Carboline alkaloids of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae), an expectorant, tonic and sedative drude drug, were determined by HPLC. The alkaloids were separated by RP-18 column with gradient elution of 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer(pH=3.5) and acetonitrile and detected at UV 254nm. Two methods for the preparation of alkaloid fraction were compared. One was solvent extraction method using acid and base, and the other was solid phase extraction with ion exchange resin (Amberlyst 15). A more refined HPLC chromatogram was obtained using the solid phase extraction method. The alkaloidal contents in P. tenuifolia determined by this method were : harman $2.8{\times}10^{-3}%$, norharman $1.7{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carbomethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.3{\times}10^{-3}%$, 1-carboethoxy-${\beta}$-carboline $1.4{\times}10^{-3}%$ and perlolyrine $3.3{\times}10^{-3}%$, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.663-668
• /
• 2023

Ginseng root is a medicinal plant widely used in Korea for its immunity enhancing and anti-fatigue properties. However, its bitter taste has a negative impact on the expansion of the ginseng market. In this study, we determined the bitter tasting compounds of ginseng using an electronic tongue. The results of measuring bitterness showed that phenolic compounds and polyacetylenes of ginseng had low bitterness. On the other hand, the bitterness was strong in ginsenosides and alkaloids of ginseng. Among them, the bitterness of ginseng was higher in ginsenosides than in alkaloids. Theses results suggest that ginsenosides have a significant affect on the bitter taste of ginseng.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.11a
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1993

코카인은 열대지방에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 Erythroxylon나무의 잎에 존재하고 있는 알칼로이드이다. 1536년 Pizarro가 스페인 침공을 마친 후 귀국하면서 유럽에 소개되었으며 Alfred Niemann에 의해서 1853년 처음으로 코카잎에서 추출되었고 "cocaine"이라고 명명되었다. 코카인은 황홀감을 일으킬 뿐 아니라 감기, 피부병, 천식, 류마치즘, 후두염 및 치통에도 효과가 좋다고 알려졌었고 국소마취효능이 좋아 아직까지도 안과 영역에서 가끔 사용되고 있다. 그러나 코카인은 인류가 알고 있는 물질중 가장 강화(reinforcement)효과가 강한 물질이기에 현재 법적으로 그 사용이 국소마취제 이외에는 금지되어 있으나 황홀감을 얻기위한 불법적인 사용이 크게 늘어있는 형편이다.늘어있는 형편이다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2017

Three tricyclic pyridone alkaloids, (-)-4,6'-anhydrooxysporidinone (1), (-)-6-deoxyoxysporidinoCne (2), and (-)-sambutoxin (3) were isolated from cultures of Fusarium lateritium SSF2 derived from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic method and comparisons with reported data values. The compounds 1-3 were isolated for the first time from this fungal strain.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 1991

The extraction of indole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus using the supercritital carbon dioxide with ethanol was performed in various temperature and pressure conditions. The contents of vindoline in the extracts were determined by HPLC. In this study, the flow rate of cosolvent ehtanol was 20.4$\mu$l/min, about 3 wt.% of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide. However the effect of ethanol on the yield of extracted vindoline was not significant.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of berberine using human monocytes. Infection of Propionibacterium acnes induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-8 and $IL-1{\beta}$ in THP-1 monocytic cells. However, when berberine was supplemented in these P. acnes-induced THP-1 cells, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO was significantly reduced. We also analyzed signaling pathways of the antiinflammatory function of berberine and found that berberine suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 and the expression and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in the P. acnes-induced cells. From these results, we concluded that berberine can effectively exert the anti-inflammatory activity via suppressing the $NF-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in human monocytes. Moreover, these results suggest the feasibility of developing natural therapeutics using berberine for the treatment of P. acnes-induced inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2015

Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. were characterized by HPLC equipped with the photo diode array detector and compared their UV/vis absorption spectra with an index material such as vincamine. UV/vis absorption spectra of more than 9 compounds belong to various classes such as flavonoids were shown and characterized. Extracts with ethanol or hot water were tested against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical to investigate their antioxidant activity. Based on the results, those extracts show about 14-15% of antioxidant activity of quercetine and vitamin C used as standards.