• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.729-740
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effects of job stress and sleep disorders on sleepiness during the daytime for a night-shift urban railway crew. As a result of the analysis, measurements on a daytime sleepiness index were higher for the crew than those during other working hours, indicating that the degrees of sleepiness and drowsiness were severe. Afterwards, aromatic essential oils, which are generally known to help relieve sleep disorders and stress, were utilized to verify the effect on stress on night-shift workers. The experimental group treated with aromatherapy was found to show improved stress reduction and overall activity levels in the autonomic nervous system compared to an untreated control group. This study proves that night work by an urban railway crew negatively affects stress levels by increasing stress and negatively affects the autonomous nervous system, also showing that an aromatherapy treatment can be a good alternative to alleviate these conditions. The results of this study are expected to help prevent safety accidents by relieving the stress of nighttime workers.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2022

Brain stimulation technology that administers electrical and magnetic stimulation to a brain has shown a significant level of possibility for treating a wide range of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Depending on its nature, the technology is defined either as invasive or non-invasive, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the most well-known invasive brain stimulation technologies. Currently categorized as grade 4 medical device in accordance with Guideline On Medical Devices And Their Grades, a Notification of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), the DBS has been used as a stable treatment for several diseases. At the same time, the DBS technology has recently achieved substantial advancement, encouraging active discussions for its use from various perspectives. On the contrary, debates over legal regulation related to the use of DBS has relatively been smaller in numbers. In this context, this article aims to 1) introduce the DBS technology and its safety in setting out the tone; 2) touch upon major legal issues that would potentially rise from its use for four different purposes of treatment, clinical study, areas of non-standard treatment where no other methods are available, and enhancement; and finally 3) highlight disputes concerning common emerging issues observed in the aforementioned four purposes from the viewpoint of legal responsibility and liability of using the DBS, which are benefit-risk assessment, physicians' duty of information, patients' capacity to consent, control for device, and insurance coverage.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

Recently, policies and research to prevent increasing construction accidents have been actively conducted in the domestic construction industry. In previous studies, the prediction model developed to prevent construction accidents mainly used only structured data, so various characteristics of construction sites are not sufficiently considered. Therefore, in this study, we developed a machine learning-based construction accident prediction model that enables the characteristics of construction sites to be considered sufficiently by using both structured and text-type unstructured data. In this study, 6,826 cases of construction accident data were collected from the Construction Safety Management Integrated Information (CSI) for machine learning. The Decision forest algorithm and the BERT language model were used to train structured and unstructured data respectively. As a result of analysis using both types of data, it was confirmed that the prediction accuracy was 95.41 %, which is improved by about 20 % compared to the case of using only structured data. Conclusively, the performance of the predictive model was effectively improved by using the unstructured data together, and construction accidents can be expected to be reduced through more accurate prediction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.25-43
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• 2022

The ultimate record management's purpose is preservation and utilization. However, the National Archives of Korea (NAK)s Portal has problems such as search system aging and search tools dualization. As a result, the users' search satisfaction is not satisfied, and the improvement demand increases. This study aimed to evaluate the NAK's search quality as a preliminary study for NAK search system advancement. To this end, we analyzed the current status of CAMS and NAK's Portal. Then, we established the test sets and evaluated the NAK's Portal quality from the user's point of view. Evaluation results were analyzed using Precision, Recall, F-score, and MRR. The analysis results showed that the overall search performance was low, particularly in the "advanced subject search," which showed low performance in Precision, Recall, and MRR. Thus, improvement is urgently needed. The test sets established for this study are expected to be used as a basis for objectively measuring the improvement of the search performance after the NAK search system advancement.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

This paper presented a method to build a predictable smart ammunition logistics system using the 4th industrial technology for ammunition logistics, which is the core functions in the field of defense and logistics. We have analyzed the current level of ammunition logistics with various perspectives such as domestic and overseas logistics policies, technology trends, ammunition logistics characteristics, the smart logistics certification measures by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. As a result it is considered that the current ammunition logistics needs needs improvement. To improve this, we presented a direction based on the implications derived after analyzing various ongoing programs such as wired/wireless-based automation, smart ammunition depots, and logistics innovation of the army, navy, and air force that can be applied to the ammunition logistics. In order to implement a data-based smart ammunition logistics management system that can achieve innovation and efficiency of total life cycle while meeting changes in the battlefield environment, we presented 4 objectives such as "automation and modernization of field work", "3D-based storage management & improvement of issuing at war," and "data management for prediction-oriented ammunition management". it is expected that there will be benefits such as improvement of operational continuity, guarantee of ammunition reliability, budget reduction, improvement of inefficiencies such as delay, waiting, and double work, and reduction of accidents.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.60-72
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• 2022

A number of wooden built heritage remain in Korea, and most have been damaged by various biological factors including termite. Owing to the irreversible damage caused by termites, wooden built heritage are losing their authenticity and structural stability. In this study, Area-Wide Integrated Termite Management(AW-ITM) was proposed to prevent termite damage. First, to understand the locational characteristics of these sites, the distance from adjacent forests and surrounding forest areas was analyzed for 182 national designated wooden built heritage(national treasures, treasures) using the Geographic Information System(GIS). By analyzing existing pest control projects(2003-2020) and the components of the ITM, the characteristics of termite control for cultural heritages were determined. Based on these results, the cultural heritage sites and their surrounding spaces were divided into three areas, and the types of cultural properties were divided into six types according to the location and number of buildings. Along with this, termite control measures were proposed for each area and type. The concept of AW-ITM has been partially applied to the "Comprehensive Control of Termites in wooden built heritages Sites" by the Cultural Heritage Administration. Caution must be taken with regard to the establishment of a cultural heritage management policy; AW-ITM should be applied on a trial basis with the results then being carefully analyzed and reflected in the establishment of policies pertaining to the conservation management of cultural heritage.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.460-479
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• 2021

The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in education systems worldwide, including in Korea. Due to COVID-19's social distancing policies, the education system was suddenly switched to distance learning, resulting in many problems in primary schools without preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate a teacher's awareness of science education techniques, responses to issues in science classes, including inquiry activities, advantages and disadvantages, and roles after experiencing distance learning. Survey and focus interviews were conducted for primary school teachers who had previously participated in distance learning, such as online content classes and real-time interactive classes. The study findings showed three conclusions: 1) Primary school teachers conducted one-way and interactive lectures in online classes. It is vital to improve a teacher's digital literacy to improve other teaching methods such as investigation and discussion in online classes. 2) Primary school teachers acknowledged the challenges of field feedback, inquiry item preparations, and safety in inquiry activities of science classes, by providing individual experimental packages and videos and using online discussion and feedback among teacher - student and student - student interactions. 3) Primary school teachers recognized that various types of classes using IT devices and individualized learning were possible as advantages of distance learning. As for disadvantages, it was acknowledged that inquiry activities, cooperative learning, immediate feedback, and interaction among students were challenging. Furthermore, learning gaps were wider in distance learning.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.849-862
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• 2021

Laws, administrative rules, and task manuals have been revised to build a modern river maintenance system in Korea for the last decade. And various researches and technology developments have been carried out to resolve related issues. However, the recent enactment of the new Act and the catastrophe of flood damage in 2020 have accelerated more emphasis on the reorganization and reinforcement of the river maintenance system in terms of political and social aspects. In this study, we suggested promising directions for strengthening the technical and institutional competencies of river maintenance with respect to policy, R&D, planning, and technology. The open discussion was held with the participation of industry, academia, research institutes, and government officials, and all participants conducted the related survey to collect their opinions effectively. These results are expected to be used as a reference to secure the justification for integration of government organizations, planning of R&D, the introduction of new river maintenance, and related technology development when reestablishing and reinforcing the river management system in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.30-41
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• 2022

With the advent of autonomous driving, personal mobility, drones, and smart roads, it is necessary to respond to changes in the road traffic environment in the road guidance system. However, the use of road signs to guide the road is decreasing compared to the past due to the advent of devices such as navigation and smartphones. Therefore, in this study, a large-scale survey was conducted to derive road sign issues and usage plans to respond to future changes. Based on this, this study presented a strategy to diversify road sign functions by analyzing the factors affecting the use of road signs by citizens. As a result, first, it is necessary to provide real-time variable road guidance information that reflects user needs such as traffic, weather, and local events. Second, it is necessary to informatize digital road signs such as reflecting maps with precision. Third, it is necessary to demonstrate road guidance in a virtual environment that reflects various future mobility and road environments.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.103-116
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• 2022

The South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport designated seven automated driving test beds required to evaluate vehicle performance every year for the expansion of mobility services based on automated driving. As a fundamental study, we suggested a necessary example of evaluating the performance with a satisfaction survey for the services before the evaluation. First, we surveyed the perception of automated driving services of users and the public in Sejong-si, South Korea. The survey showed that the users had a higher level of awareness of automated driving technology and intention to use it than the public. Second, the satisfaction survey was conducted on demand-responsive public transportation and automated driving service users. Notably, using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, among the non-parametric statistical analysis methods, we found that safety-related factors affected the overall satisfaction of users of automated driving services. On the other hand, in the case of the demand-responsive public transportation service users, factors related to service convenience affected overall satisfaction. Hence, the results of these surveys are expected to be used as basic data and guidelines to improve the quality of automated driving services and policy establishment.