• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.169-178
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and the accuracy of ASTER DEM and SRTM DEM covering 99% of the earth surface using large-scale Digital Topographic Map in mountainous area(Sokcho), mixed area(Jinan, mountainous area and even land area) and even land area(Anyang). We made DEM using contour lines of 1:5,000 Digital Topographic Map of study area and also acquired ASTER DEM and SRTM DEM of their corresponding area. In order to verify accuracy of DEM, this study compared ASTER DEM and SRTM DEM data using 15m resolution DEM generated from contour lines of Digital Topographic Map as basis for each study area. To evaluate the accuracy of ASTER and SRTM DEM data, statistical such as RMSE and correlation were calculated and histogram and scatter plot were drawn. The analysis result shows that, both ASTER DEM and SRTM DEM have high accuracy but in aspects of future availability, ASTER DEM covering larger areas bas relatively more potential than SRTM data.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of nursing science and identify expected outcomes from baccalaureate graduates, and to develop accreditation standards and criteria reflecting the characteristics of the nursing profession. Methods: A methodological research design was utilized in this study. Related literature reviews and the nursing education program goals and objectives of the 99 nursing schools in Korea were analyzed. A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized to test the validity of the developed characteristics of the nursing profession and their accreditation criteria and standards. The face validity was from the advisory committee and public committee hearing. Results: The characteristics of nursing science were defined with five concepts including humanity, scientific knowledge, professionalism, therapeutic relationship, and facilitating well-being. The expected outcomes from graduates were identified as providing holistic nursing, critical thinking, establishing professionalism and leadership, construction of a therapeutic relationship, and skilled nursing practice. Finally6 standards and 14 criteria reflecting the unique characteristics of the nursing profession were developed for accreditation. These proposed accreditation standards and criteria are a challenge to promote the quality of nursing science.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.305-315
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• 2003

Purpose: To describe the status of the laboratory facilities, equipment and expenses for practice in a four-year nursing schools and to analyze mandatory requirements for laboratory facilities and equipment. Method: A descriptive survey research design was used. The participants were 49 of the 4-year nursing schools across the nation. The data were collected by e-mail. The return rate for questionnaires was 63.3% (n=31). Result: In 2001 the total expenses for laboratory practice were 21,865,230 won and the average per student was 102,418 won. Types of laboratories included single and complex. The mean size for laboratories was $318.7m^2$ and mean size for laboratories for fundamental nursing was $161.1m^2$. The range for number of students in a laboratory class was 20-30 for eight universities (30.8%). Among required laboratory equipment, items that were deficient in 50% in the universities were mercury and aneroid sphygmomanometers for children, electronic sphygmomanometers, Bell type fetal stethoscopes, sheepskin, beds for children, for gynecology, and electronic hilo beds. Among the elective equipment, items that were deficient in 50% of the universities were $O^2$ tents, Blackmore tubes, retractors, hot-water supply, and incentive spirometers. The number of items that needed to add to the equipment were 10 for required equipment and 22 for elective equipment. Conclusion: A standardized mandatory list of equipment for laboratory facilities and expenses for practice in 4-year nursing schools needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 1987

The structure of 9-barbaralyl cation was examined by Hammett-Brown plot using $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shifts. 9-Aryltricylclo$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$]nonan-9-yl cation (5) and 9-aryltricyclo-$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$nona-3,6-dien-9-yl cation (6) were prepared from the corresponding carbinols in $FSO_3H-SO_2ClF$ solution at -$120^{\circ}C$, and their chemical shifts of cation centers were measured. The slopes, ${\rho}^{C+}$ values, of the Hammett-Brown plot of (5) and (6) were -5.01 and -7.52, respectively. From these values themselves, it seemed that the double bonds participated in the delocalization of the positive charge. However, comparing ${\rho}^{C+}$ value and ${\rho}^{C_a^+}$ value in 9-barbaralyl cation (6) and those in 8,9-dehydroadamantyl cation (7), we concluded that 9-barbaralyl should be represented by the structure 4 shown in Scheme I.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 2010

This study was to explore the cognition of mothers and directors about the quality of childcare centers and analyze the differences of cognition of two groups. The subjects were 166 mothers and 178 directors in Gwanak-gu, Seocho-gu, Dongjak-gu in Seoul and Suweon-city, Anyang-city in Gyeonggi-do. The instrument of this study was the questionnaire on the quality of childcare center developed by researcher. The collected data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS 12.0 program. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, mothers evaluated that process area was the most important area, followed by service and structure area. Second, directors evaluated that process area was the most important area, followed by structure and service area. Third, directors evaluated overall quality of childcare center higher than mothers.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2007

The conventional urodynamic monitoring is fulfilled by artificially filling a bladder with saline. Generally. it is difficult to evaluate the physiological functions of the storage and voiding of a bladder. With this aim, we constructed an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) system and proposed a novel method estimating abdominal pressure by measuring bio-impedance variations. Our system was clinically evaluated for 10 patients. It turned out to be that as the intensity of the abdomen contraction increased, the amplitude of bio-impedance signal and the RMS value of EMG increased more as compared to those who observed during the rest mode. Also, we determined the optimum electrode pair for estimating the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method and consequently compared with the conventional methods. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified in terms of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1,9) which could detect impedance changes due to the increase of the intensity in the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and $y=0.0014x^2+0.0620x+0.6958$, respectively. Thus, our system demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured noninvasively and conveniently by simply estimating bio-impedance values. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for the future studies involving the handy measurements of abdominal pressure with our suggested ambulatory urodynamics monitoring system.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.1 s.12
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

The objective of Bus Information System developed as a part of the ITS, provides the operation information of buses to passengers and managers. The system uses roadside antennas (reading electronic tags on board buses) to enable wireless communication each other and radio data communication to deliver information about buses and their locations. This information is used to estimate the arrival time of the bus which will be shown on the bus stop message board or via internet. Bus Information System or Bus Management System (BMS) is going ahead and set up in many local governments, and recently quality improvement of the BIS is considered as a very important element in expanding of business or management. Therefore this research wished to contribute rationalization of the system by maintaining optimum quality. An gang was chosen to apply overall quality control process and will be evaluated in terns of its propriety and performance. This study has led the improvement of service and promote the use of public transits, which is the best way to solve the city traffic problem by effective management of public transits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.114-130
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• 2002

This study was designed to analyze the research methodology and the key concepts used in articles published in each nursing journal of seven branches of the Korean Academy of Nursing. The purpose of this study was for reflecting the trends of nursing research and suggesting the direction of future nursing research in Korea. One thousand three hundred seventy two articles published in seven nursing journals from the beginning year of 2000 were analyzed. The prevailing research designs for these journals were the non- experimental design ranging from 54.3% to 75.7%, the experimental design ranging from 6.2% to 30.4%, and qualitative research design ranging from 3.7% to 10.6%. Research subjects were 10.0% to 46.0% for clients with health problems, 2.1% to 42.4% for generally healthy persons, 1.4% to 43.9% for primary care- givers, 7.0% to 53.5% for nurses or nursing students, and 3.1% to 7.3% for health organizations or nursing organizations. The data collection method used most often self-report questionnaires using psychosocial measures. Interviewing methods and physiologic measures were used relatively few times. The domains of the key concepts that prevailed was personal domain and health domain. This study has the limitation of focusing on only the superficial structural analysis rather than in-depth content analysis of each article. However, this study is the first study for reflecting the trends of nursing research based on each journal of seven branches of the Korean Academy of Nursing.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of sexual knowledge and sexual self-efficacy on sexual autonomy in middle school students in a rural area. Methods: With a cross-sectional descriptive design, 236 second-grade students were recruited from 4 middle schools using convenience sampling. The instrument was a self-administered questionnaire on sexual knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual autonomy. Data were analyzed using 2-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Results: Results showed significant positive correlations among sexual knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual autonomy. Sexual self-efficacy and sexual knowledge explained 37% of the variance in sexual autonomy. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that it is relevant to address sexual self-efficacy as well as sexual knowledge in order to increase sexual autonomy in middle school students. Further studies are warranted to investigate these variables with a larger sample and for development and validation of interventions to enhance sexual self-efficacy and sexual autonomy in middle school students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.986-993
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare stress levels of elementary students according to three regional levels: a large city, a medium-sized city, and a rural area. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative survey using a convenience sample of 1,161 5th-and 6th-grade students. The stress level was measured by a stress scale that consisted of 65 items regarding personal characteristics, family, school, and peer factors. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 statistical program. Results: Overall, the mean stress scores reported by the participants were near the middle of a 5-point scale and the level of family-related stress was highest, followed by peer, school, and individual-related stress. Sixth-graders and female students showed higher stress levels than 5th-graders and male students, respectively. The participants reporting unsatisfaction with their lives and those living in large cities tended to have significantly higher stress levels. Conclusion: Grade, gender, life satisfaction, and regional levels were all significant factors associated with high stress levels among elementary students. Development of stress management programs for this specific population, especially targeting students who are female and living in large cities, is needed.