• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effects of tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition and nitrite-scavenging effects of gamma-irradiated Schizandrae Fructus extracts from different solvents. Schizandrae Fructus was extracted by hot water, ethanol, acetone and methanol, and the extracts were irradiated 10, 20 and 30 kGy with gamma rays. All extracts from Schizandrae Fructus showed inhibition effect against tyrosinase. Tyrosinase inhibition effect of Schizandrae Fructus were higher in solvent extracts than hot water extracts by irradiation. The Schizandrae Fructus extracts had a higher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was not changed by irradiation. Nitrite scavenging activity, which was measured at various pH conditions (1.2, 3.0, 6.0), was the highest in Schizandrae Fructus extracts at pH 1.2 and 3.0. Hot water extracts provided higher nitrite scavenging effect than those of the methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts. Gamma-Irradiation may not influence on biological activites of the extracts when irradiated up to 30 kGy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.893-899
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• 2000

To measure antioxidative activities, the various extracts from Ulmus devidiana were examined in oil emulsion. Water, ethanol, methanol and butanol were used as extract solutions. The activity oxygen species ($H_2O_2,-OH,\;KO_2$) bound the extracts for antioxidative activities were excellent. The extracts bound $Fe^{2+}$ ion and $Cu^{2+}$ ion showed effective antioxidative activities and strong chelating effects. The concentration of $Fe^{2+}$ ion and total ion in ethanol and methanol extracts from Ulmus devidiana root parts (Chinese) were higher than those of the other products. The highest superoxide dismutase-like activities showed butanol extracts from Ulmus devidiana root parts (Chinese) and water extracts from Ulmus devidiana bark parts (Korean). Electron donating abilities and nitric scavenging abilities of ethanol, methanol and butanol extracts were higher than those of water extracts. The nitrite scavenging abilities also reached the maximum at pH 1.2 and the minium at pH 6.0.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the functional properties of roasted Pleurotus eryngii by the extraction conditions. Total phenolic compound content and electron donating ability (EDA) were high at 50% ethanol concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was high at 75% ethanol concentration. Nitrite scavenging ability increased as ethanol concentration in extracting solvent decreased. EDA decreased, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability increased as the extraction time increased. With the increase in extraction temperature, EDA and SOD-like activity decreased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the nitrite-scavenging ability With the increase in ratio of sample content to solvent, EDA, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability decreased. The results would be useful for understanding the extraction condition of roasted Pleurotus eryngii.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2003

홍국 추출물로서 기능성을 조사하고 홍국 첨가한 국수를 제조하기 위하여 관능검사를 통하여 적정제조조건을 설정한 후 국수를 제조하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍국을 물과 70%에탄올로 추출한 후 항산화작용과 아질산염소거능을 조사하였다. 홍국 추출물의 전자공여능은 물추출물 500ppm에서 46%, 1,000ppm에서 49%의 전자공여능을 나타내었으나 에탄올추출물은 500ppm에서 51%, 1,000ppm에서 56%로서 물추출물보다 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 홍국 추출물의 아질산염소거능은 물추출 1,000ppm pH 1.2에서 32% 정도의 소거능을 나타내었으며 에탄올추출물 1,000ppm은 pH 1.2에서 37%의 아질산염소거능을 나타내었다. 홍국 추출물의 황산화능과 아질산염소거능 모두 에탄올추출물이 물추출물보다 우수하였다. 홍국을 0~4% 첨가한 홍국국수의 관능검사에서 건면에 대하여 색, 향, 맛, 뒷맛, 총괄평가 등을 7점법으로 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 색상은 홍국 4% 첨가한 것을 가장 선호하였으며(p＜0.05) 향, 맛, 뒷맛은 각 첨가군간에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 건면에 대한 총괄평가는 3%와 4% 첨가한 국수를 가장 선호하였다(p＜0.05). 한편 삶은 홍국국수에 대한 관능검사를 실시한 결과에서, 색상은 4% 첨가국수를 가장 선호하였으나(p<0.05) 향, 부드러움, 맛, 뒷맛은 홍국 첨가농도간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 촉촉한 정도는 4%에서 유의적으로 기호도가 높았으며(p<0.05) 총괄평가는 각 농도의 홍국 첨가군 간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 건면과 생면의 관능검사 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 홍국국수의 제조시에 홍국을 3~4% 첨가하는 것이 가장 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. 홍국국수(생면)를 5$^{\circ}C$에 4주간 저장했을 때의 균수는 저장 2주까지는 생균수가 증가하였으나 2주후부터 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장초기의 균수는 홍국을 첨가한 국수가 대조구에 비하여 총균수와 효모.곰팡이수가 많았으나 저장 1주일 후부터 3주까지 홍국 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 균수가 적었으며 홍국 첨가농도에 비례하여 감소하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.631-636
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidative and nitrite scavenging abilities of extracts of medicinal plants. Three kinds of medicinal plants, Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (AA), Akebia quinate Decaisne (AQ), and Caragana chamlagu (CC), were extracted with water and $70\%$ ethanol. The yields of water extracts were increased in the order of Akebia quinate Decaisne ($35.63\%$, Caragana chamlagu ($31.36\%$ and Angelica acutiloba ($8.98\%$). Those of ethanol extracts were Akebia quinate Decaisne ($31.82\%$, Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa ($14.15\%$, and Caragana chamlagu ($5.20\%$). The highest electron donating ability (EDA) at 300-1,000 ppm of water extract was Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, ranged from $62\%$ to $88\%$ and that of ethanol extract was Akebia quinate Decaisne, ranged from $72\%$ to $87\%$. Nitrite scavenging ability (NSA) of extracts measured at various pH (1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0) showed highest ability in all extracts at pH 1.2 and decreased with increasing pH. The highest NSA of water extracts of 1,000 ppm at pH 1.2 showed $35-40\%$, in Caragana chamlagu and that of ethanol extract was $33-42\%$, in Akebia quinate Decaisne. From these results, Akebia quinate Decaisne was found as a potential raw material baring functionality in the respects of extract yield, EDA and NSA.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

Methanol, ether, ethylacetate and water extracts from flesh and peel of yuna (Citrus junos) were investigated to analyze their ability of electron donating, nitrite scavenging and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in model system. The electron donating ability of ynza flesh extract, when it added at 10 mg/ml or over, were more an $50\%$, except ether extract. The high electron donating ability ($99.2{\pm}0.37\%$) was observed in the methanol extract and its effect was similar to BHA and ascorbic acid, when 40 mg/ml of methanol extract was added in reaction solution. Nitrite scavenging ability of all extracts ken yuza was increased in proportion to sample concentration and more than $40\%$ when 1 mg/ml sample was added, under pH 1.2. Also nitrite scavenging ability was higher in peel extracts than flesh extracts of yuza. Inhibition ratio of NDMA formation from flesh methanol extract of yuza was $31.7{\pm}1.25\%$, when 40 mg/ml added under pH 1.2. In all samples, inhibition effects were lower than $20\%$, at pH 4.2 and 6.0.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2013

The results of the content of total polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of methanol extracts from immature cotton boll are follows. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compound were higher in small size cotton boll, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity also showed a relatively high activity in the small size. These results indicate that there is a correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging. The test concentrations of immature cotton boll extract for measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were set as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Immature cotton boll has high radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 1.25~20 mg/ml and the result showed a tendency to increase in a concentration-dependent. The nitrite scavenging activity showed high activity in the pH 1.2, and the result in the pH 4.2 showed progressively less active, and in the pH 6.0 near neutral was confirmed that does not affect the nitrite scavenging. In addition, SOD-like activity showed somewhat lower activity compared with ascorbic acid, but tended to be higher when compared with the results of the other natural substances. Through this experiment, we confirmed that immature cotton boll was excellent antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the cotton suggest the possibility of development of new material for cosmetic product or functional food in the future, and is expected to make a greater usability.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2005

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to monitor the effects of steaming and roasting conditions of Polygonatum odoratum roots an total phenolics content, electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite-scavenging ability (NSA) of the extract. In steaming and roasting processes based on the central composite design. with variations in steaming time $(60\~180\;min)$, roasting temperature $(110\~150\;min)$ and roasting time $(10\~50\;min)$, coefficients of determinations $(R^2)$ were 0.9356 (p<0.01) in total phenolics, 0.9578 (p<0.01) in EDA and 0.9436 (p<0.01) in NSA (pH 3.0). The maximum value of total phenolics was $2847.67\;mg\%$ at 135.59 min of steaming time, $143.84^{\circ}C$ of roasting temperature and 43.47 min of roasting time. The maximum value of EDA was $75.00\%$ in 108.98 min, $135.56^{\circ}C$ and 48.86 min. The maximum value of NSA (pH 3.0) was $87.38\%$ in 162.80 min, $143.88^{\circ}C$ and 31.97 min, respectively. Total phenolics content of the extract was influenced by heating conditions in the order of roasting temperature, steaming time and roasting time. While EDA and NSA were appreciably influenced by roasting time, followed by roasting temperature and steaming time.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activity of extracts obtained from the mycelium, sclerotium, and fruiting body of Wolfiporia cocos using different extraction solvents (hot water, 70% ethanol, and 70% methanol). Among the three developmental stages, the mycelium extracts showed the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenolic content. Among the extraction solvents in the context of the W. cocos mycelium, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and total polyphenol content in the hot-water extracts were significantly higher than those in the other extracts. In the case of the sclerotium, the reducing power, nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenol content were significantly higher in 70% ethanolic extracts. The fruiting body showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, nitrite scavenging activity, and total polyphenol content in the context of hot-water extraction. Moreover, the β-glucan content was significantly higher in the sclerotium versus the mycelium or fruiting body. The total amino acid and total essential amino acid contents were remarkably higher in the mycelium and fruiting body than in the sclerotium; of note, and arginine (Arg) and phenylalanine (Phe) were highly detected among the amino acid components.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2006

The biofunctional properties of traditional Doenjang supplemented with the extract of herb medicines (refer as DHM) were examined DHM divided to four groups, I, II, III and IV according to herb medicines were added. Nitrite scavenging-activities from all 4 groups of DHMs were significantly higher than that of control. Also hydrogen donating-activities from all 4 groups of DHMs were slightly higher than that of control. Antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutant and Salmonella enteritidis and fibrinolytic activity of all DHMs on fibrin plate were higher than those of control. On the other those of groups III and IV were higher in sensory score, biofunctional and antimicrobial activities than those of group I, II and control. Therefore, the usage of extract of Korean herb medicines instead of water to make Doenjang will effective in development of traditional soybean Doenjang with the biofunctional properties.