• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Animal glue is a traditional material used extensively as adhesive and binder in mother-of-pearl, wooden structure, traditional painting, etc. Analysis of animal glue is usually performed with IR(infrared spectroscopy) based on the IR absorption of functional group. But, it has a limitation in confirming animal glue when a sample consists of several materials because of overlapping of the absorption band. Py/GC/MS(pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) is a useful tool in analyzing the constituent of polymeric materials like animal glue by identifying their pyrolysate with very small amount of sample. In this study, confirmation of animal glue in a Dancheong sample was tried with this method. Characteristic pyrolytic compounds of animal glue and tung oil used in Dancheong were identified. Dancheong sample painted with Noerok as a coloring material, animal glue and tung oil was prepared and it was possible to find characteristic peaks of animal glue after thermal degradation and artificial weathering experiment. From this, we found that animal glue can be detected using py/GC/MS in cultural heritage samples consisting of several materials and in different condition. IR was also tried to analyze Dancheong sample and the results were compared with those of py/GC/MS for the detection of animal glue.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare how the Enneargram personality types of teachers in early childhood education and care would affect their job satisfaction and stress coping strategies. The findings are as follows. First, as to the distribution of the participants' Enneargram personality types, the most common was the Peacemaker type and the least common was the Achiever type. Second, for teachers' job satisfaction, there was a statistically significant difference in the job-related subcategory according to their personality types. The post-hot comparison showed that the Loyalist type showed the lowest score in job-related job satisfaction. Third, in terms of stress coping strategies, there was a statistically significant difference in the psychological coping strategy according to their personality types. The post-hot comparison showed that the Individualist type showed the highest score in psychological coping strategy. The implications for future studies are also discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

During pregnancy, maternal immune activation (MIA) from infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. MIA induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in animal experiments has led to offspring with abnormal behaviors and brain development. In addition, it has recently been reported that microglia, which reside in the brain and function as immune cells, play an important role in behavioral abnormalities and brain development in MIA-induced offspring. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether microglia-specific inhibition of GPR56, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, causes behavioral abnormalities in brain development. First, MIA induction did not affect the microglia population, but when examining the expression of microglial GRP56 in MIA-induced fetuses, GPR56 expression was inhibited between embryonic days 14.5 (E14.5) and E18.5 regardless of sex. Furthermore, microglial GPR56-suppressed mice showed abnormal behaviors in the MIA-induced offspring, including sociability deficits, repetitive behavioral patterns, and increased anxiety levels. Although abnormal cortical development such as that in the MIA-induced offspring were not observed in the microglial GPR56-suppressed mice, their brain activity was observed through c-fos staining. These results suggest that microglia-specific GPR56 deficiency may cause abnormal behaviors and could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and/or as a therapeutic target of behavioral deficits in MIA offspring.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the listening competence of early childhood teachers on their teacher-parent communication difficulties and teacher-child interaction in an attempt to provide some information on the development of the listening competence of early childhood teachers. Three hundred and twenty two early childhood teachers participated in the study and descriptive, correlation, multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results are as follows: First, listening competence had a statistically significant negative correlation with teacher-parent communication difficulties. Second, among the sub-factors of listening competence, comprehending and interpreting, and responding exerted a statistically significant negative influence on teacher-parent communication difficulties. Third, listening competence had a statistically significant positive correlation with teacher-child interaction. Fourth, among the sub-factors of listening competence, responding, comprehending and interpreting, analyzing and evaluating exerted a statistically significant positive influence on teacher-child interaction.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1499-1506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status and use of the image media in education institutions for infants and children to find out about the required image media in education institutions for infants and children. The survey included 184 teachers working in kindergartens and daycare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. They were then surveyed and statistical analysis was conducted. As a result of the study, the image media in possession and the image media in use were different. There were also differences between teacher age and class age. The results of these studies helped to identify unnecessary image media in education institutions for infants and children. It is also believed that it could contribute to providing basic data on the image media to be supported and the image media to be developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.638-648
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• 2016

This research is to verify early child teachers' ego-strength and self-efficacy that effect to problem solving. The subjects are included 293 in-service teachers in K city and J province. The research tools are ego-strength scale, self-efficacy scale and problem-solving scale. The data is disposed of t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation and regression analysis. As a result, eco-strength, self-efficacy and problem-solving that have a correlation, in addition, variable to effect to self-strength and self-efficacy as solving problems. Therefore, early child teachers are able to own psychological conflict and anxiety which can be disturbing in teaching young children in warm and comfortable ways. It is required to develop a self-growth program to increase ego-strength, self-efficacy, and problem-solving.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2011

This study is re-creational experiment of Goryeo gold-painted decoration based on the research of the gold remaining and gold painting technique on the two pieces of Goryeo gold-painted celadon and the three pieces of Chinese gold-painted porcelain on North Song period which ones have been owned by National Museum of Korea since 2007. For the observation of glue state and color developing ability, four kinds of agglutinative agent and gold powder were mixed over the porcelain sherds, then gradually fired from $100^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$. Visual effect and ideal temperature were measured. Among of them, oil and glue showed the best results in glue state and color developing ability. Through those results, the entire Goryeo engraved celadon were reproduced in modern facilities. Oil and glue were gold-painted over the glaze then it was fired at the ideal temperature 700 to $800^{\circ}C$. For observation the binding condition, the gold-painting cross section was looked by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). As the result, oil and glue did not make much difference in Agglutinative agent, but gold was good, the color developing ability, however, in the case of oil, the edge of gold is curled because of its interfacial tension, and it is not dried well at room temperature so the working property is not as good as the glue. Glue more effective in terms of work efficiency, but color developing ability to fall slightly in this experiment were able to see through.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.308-316
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• 2010

Odontoblasts are anchorage dependent cells adhering to a substrate via cell adhesive molecules. Receptor ligands such as integrins bind to these proteins and are known to function as signal transduction molecules in a series of critical recognition events of cell-substratum. The aim of this study is to examine the interaction of odontoblast (MDPC-23 cell) with type I Col and the effect of TGF-${\beta}1$ and TNF-$\alpha$ on the expression of cell adhesion molecules. In this study, MDPC-23 cells adhered to type I Col dose-dependently. Immunofluorescence data demonstrated that integrin ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$ and CD44 were expressed on cell surface, and FAK and paxillin were localized in focal adhesion plaques in MDPC-23 cells adhesion to Col. Cytokine TGF-${\beta}1$ increased the adhesion of MDPC-23 cells to Col and the expression level of integrin ${\alpha}1$, 4{\alpha}2$ and chondroitin sulfate on MDPC-23 cells. RT-PCR data demonstrated that cytokine TGF-${\beta}1$ increased the amount of integrin ${\alpha}1$ mRNA in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, MDPC-23 cells adhere to collagen type I Col and expressed a complex pattern of integrins and proteoglycans, including ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$, chondroitin sulfate and CD44 detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assay. TGF-${\beta}1$ treatment enhanced the expression of adhesion molecules such as integrin ${\alpha}1$, ${\alpha}2$ and chondroitin sulfate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.570-577
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• 2020

This study is aimed at figuring out the influence of early childhood teachers' playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy. The subjects of the study were 262 early childhood teachers working in kindergarten and day care centers located in J City. The instruments were the Adult Playfulness Scale, the Sensitivity Scale, and the Play Teaching Efficacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. In order to find out the general background of the early childhood teachers, frequency and percentage were used. In addition, in order to assess the relationships among playfulness, sensitivity, and the play teaching efficacy of an early childhood teacher, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. Lastly, for examination of the effects and a relative explanation of the effects of playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was positive correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in the early childhood teacher. Second, play teaching efficacy of early childhood teachers was influenced by their playfulness and sensitivity. In conclusion, the significance of this study is that there was a significant correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, and that both of the first two variables were factors influencing play teaching efficacy.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

Gold threads mean thread made by metal, it is composed various material to gold leaf, adhesive and media. The making technique and using materials of Gold threads are different from region, it can be used to distinguish country of origin. So this study finds characteristics and making techniques for flat gold threads of relics. Standard samples are made of animal glue, lacquer, red lacquer and etc. This materials are based on the scientific investigation of cultural gold threads properties. Then traditional techniques were estimated by comparison and analysis of actual cultural properties and standard samples. As a result of investigating cultural properties, it is similar to the standard sample which are mixed with red soil additives. After analysis of SEM-EDS, it is detected to Al, Si, Fe. So it is to the conclusion that traditional gold thread is made of adhesive mixed with red soil to improve gold color better. And this ways are similar with china that uses animal glue and red soil to adhesive and different from japan that uses lacquer to adhesive. Through this study, it will be used to data and reference for reappearance and making techniques of traditional gold threads.