• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to propose instructional methods using base-ten blocks in teaching the multiplication of decimal for 5th grade students by analyzing the process of their conceptual comprehension of multiplication of decimal. The students in this study were found to understand various meanings of operations (e.g., repeated addition, bundling, and area) by modeling them with base-ten blocks. They were able to identify the algorithm through the use of base-ten blocks and to understand the principle of calculations by connecting the manipulative activities to each stage of algorithm. The students were also able to determine whether the results of multiplication of decimal might be reasonable using base-ten blocks. This study suggests that appropriate use of base-ten blocks promotes the conceptual understanding of the multiplication of decimal.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.233-251
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to propose instructional methods using base-ten blocks in teaching the division of decimal for 5th grade students by analyzing the process of their conceptual comprehension. The students in this study were found to understand the two main meanings of the division of decimal, distribution and area, by modeling them with base-ten blocks. They were able to identify the algorithm through the use of base-ten blocks and to understand the principle of calculations by connecting the manipulative activities to each stage of algorithm. The students were also able to determine using base-ten blocks whether the results of division of decimal might be reasonable. This study suggests that the appropriate use of base-ten blocks promotes the conceptual understanding of the division of decimal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new artificial immune approach to on-line hardware test which is the most indispensable technique for fault tolerant hardware. A novel algorithm of generating tolerance conditions is suggested based on the principle of the antibody diversity. Tolerance conditions in artificial immune system correspond to the antibody in biological immune system. In addition, antigen presenting cell (APC) is realized by Quine-McCluskey method in this algorithm and tolerance conditions are generated through GA (Genetic Algorithm). The suggested method is applied to the on-line monitoring of a typical FSM (a decade counter) and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.469-486
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• 2022

Counting occupies a fundamental and important position in mathematical learning due to its relation to number concepts and numeral operations. In particular, counting up to large numbers is an essential learning element in that it is structural counting that includes the understanding of place values as well as the one-to-one correspondence and cardinal principles required by counting when introducing number concepts in the early stages of number learning. This study aims to derive didactical implications by investigating the possibility of and the strategies for counting large numbers that is expected to have no students' experience because it is not composed of current textbook activities. To do this, 89 second-grade elementary school students who learned the three-digit numbers and experienced group-counting and skip-counting as textbook activities were provided with questions asking how many penguins were in a picture where 260 penguins were irregularly arranged and how to count. As a result of analyzing students' responses in terms of the correct answer rate, the strategy used, and their cognitive characteristics, the incorrect answer rate was very high, and the use of decimal principles, group-counting, counting by one, and partial sum strategies were confirmed. Based on these analysis results, several didactical implications were derived, including the need to include counting up to large numbers as textbook activities.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.147-170
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• 2001

This study intends to 1)conform the possibility to transform the enumerated scheme into the faceted scheme, 2)review general theories on facet structure employed in DDC 780, and 3) analyze the facet structure of music. Findings are 1) The facet structure of DDC synthesize the standard subdivisions or specific facet indicators with basic facet. 2) facet indicator 0 is in use to indicate standard subdivision or general principle of music. and facet indicator 1 to general principles and musical forms. DDC has transformed the entire system into the facet structure through its revisions. Especially the music transformed into the facet structure employes the facet indicators and applies them to all the systems in music. But the notation have sometimes twofold meanings, and no ability to differentiate the meanings in the same notation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.125-145
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• 2003

The core version of UDC(Universal Decimal Classification) is available in an electronic form called MRF(Master Reference File) which supports the maintenance of the quality of the scheme as a working tool for the UDCC(UDC Consortium) by annual reviewing its content and initiating revisions and extensions. In this paper, we discuss outcomes of our in-depth analysis of the geography, biography and history disciplines in UDC focused on the its evolutions and characteristics, including the common auxiliaries of place, the common auxiliaries of time and the common auxiliaries of race, ethnic grouping and nationality. Based on the in-depth analysis, we suggested some ideas which can be applied into the history class of KDC(Korean Decimal Classification). In particular, its principle of combination methods in the history of individual regions, the way of its assignment of physical geography and human geography in the same division, the possibilities of the extension of the table of geographical division and the adaptation of the table of chronological division in KDC.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.371-391
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• 2016

Long division was one of the major issues in math war II started from 1990's in US. In this paper, we investigated this concretely and examined present teaching condition of long division in Korea. Firstly, Long division is not only a mechanical way to get the answer but also a realization of core conception in elementary mathematics. Futhermore it is a connecting link between elementary and middle mathematics education. Secondly, it is needed to use the term 'long division' to provide the concrete teaching guidelines. Thirdly, a minor algorithm, like an 'partial quotient method', is necessary to introduce in order to help understanding long division.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-56
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the main classes of DDC. The DDC is a general classification system which aims to classify documents of all kinds falling in any knowledge domain. At best, the order of the main classes represents a mix of Baconian and Hegelian philosophy adulterated by the practical exigencies of organization a collection of books. Each of the main classes have been subdivided further into what are technically known as divisions. This division of knowledge into the nine main classes mirrors the educational consensus of the late nineteen-century Western academic world. The DDC thus scatters subjects by discipline, and the subjects are subordinated to discipline. The DDC has been criticised for its rigidity of division by ten at every step of its division. Division by the decimal classification has been likened to the Procrustean bed.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

This study analyzed the Harris's philosophical ideas, American library classification in the Harris's era, and relationship to Bacon, Hegel, DDC based on the Harris's classification system. As is generally known so far, Harris himself described to have derived his classification from inverted Baconian arrangement. It is nowhere to be found that Harris reflected on Hegel's philosophical ideas in his scheme. But on this study, Harris was a Hegelian and a leading American exponent of ideas of Hegel at that time. So we can analogize being reflected on Hegelian philosophy in the Harris's scheme and actually the Hegelian basis can be founded for much of Harris's scheme. Also we can find that Harris's scheme springs directly from Bacon and indirectly Johnston's scheme.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

A novel immunotronic approach to fault detection in hardware based on symbiotic evolution is proposed in this paper. In the immunotronic system, the generation of tolerance conditions corresponds to the generation of antibodies in the biological immune system. In this paper, the principle of antibody diversity, one of the most important concepts in the biological immune system, is employed and it is realized through symbiotic evolution. Symbiotic evolution imitates the generation of antibodies in the biological immune system morethan the traditional GA does. It is demonstrated that the suggested method outperforms the previous immunotronic methods with less running time. The suggested method is applied to fault detection in a decade counter (typical example of finite state machines) and MCNC finite state machines and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation.