• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

Purpose : Edema is one of the cardinal features of nephrotic syndrome. Although the pathogenesis of edema is not entirely understood, it is caused by hypovolemia or hypervolemia by different mechanisms. Accordingly it is important to evaluate the volume status of patients in order to treat the edema, but it is difficult to evaluate the patient's volume status only by clinical parameters. The quotient of urine sodium and potassium excretion $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ is introduced as a more useful way to evaluate volume status. In this study we will propose the usefulness of $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ in evaluating the volume status of children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods : Primary nephrotic syndrome patients at Yeungnam University Hospital since January 1995 to June 2005, were included in the study. We analyzed clinical parameters such as tachycardia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, blood chemistry and urinalysis prospectively. We defined hypovolemia when $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ exceeded 60%. Intravenous albumin and diuretics were administered to hypovolemic edematous patients. On the other hand, hypervolemic edematous patients were treated only with diuretics. Results : There were 50 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome patients(hypervolemia: 29 vs hypovolemia: 21). There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and laboratory findings except for FeNa While $F_eNa$ and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant negative correlation, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ had a significant positive correlation. Urine output after edema treatment was effective and there were no treatment-related side effects in both groups. Conclusion : FeNa, BUN and $U_K/(U_{Na}+U_K)$ are a useful parameters for evaluating volume status of edematous nephrotic syndrome patients. We could suggest a therapeutic option for using albumin and/or diuretics according to volemic status by means of measured $U_K/(U_{Na}+UK)$.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2004

Obesity-associated focal segmental glomeruloscleropis(OB-FSGS) has been known to progress into advanced renal insufficiency, and its clinicopathological features Include obesity, FSGS lesions with glornerulomegaly and, nephrotic-range proteinuria without edema. A 14 year old girl with Prader-Willi syndrome showed nephrotic-range proteinuria without hypoalbuminemia or edema. The renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis together with glomerular hypertrophy and an increased mesangial matrix. We report here a case of OB-FSGS as one of the renal problems of Pradel-Willi syndrome, and we came to the conclusion that Prader-Willi syndrome is one of the Possible disease entities that can lead to renal insufficiency through obesity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2009

A 2-year-old female mixed dog(weighing 4.3 kg) was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kangwon National University, with primary complaints of exercise intolerance, nocturnal coughing and heart murmur. Diagnostic studies revealed bi-lateral holosystolic murmurs on phonocardiogram, over-riding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, biventricular hypertrophy, and subaortic stenosis in diagnostic imaging studies. Based on the diagnostic findings, pentalogy of Fallot(POF) with subaortic stenosis(SAS) was tentatively diagnosed. This is the first case report of POF complicated with SAS in a dog in Korea.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.216
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• pp.39-41
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• 2007

당뇨병환자에서의 감염증은 인슐린과 항균제의 사용으로 그 이환율과 사망률이 현저히 감소하였으나, 현재까지 당뇨병환자의 진료에 있어서 해결해야 할 중요한 문제로 남아있다. 당뇨병환자에서 감염증의 발생빈도는 대부분 일반인과 차이가 없다고 보고되고 있으나 일부 특정 감염증의 빈도는 현저하게 증가하고 감염증의 정도가 훨씬 심하며, 임상양상도 정상인과 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 인플루엔자, 세균뇨, 악성 외이도염, 비뇌모균증, 기종성 담낭염, 기종성 신우신염 또는 방광염, 급성 신유두괴사, 신주위 농양, 진균성 요로 감염증, 그람 음성균에 의한 폐렴, 괴사성 연조직 감염과 족부 궤양 관련 감염증 등은 당뇨병과의 관련성이 이미 입증된 감염질환들이다. 당뇨병 환자에서 감염증의 발생빈도는 약 14.4%에서 39.5%까지 보고되고 있으며, 국내에서는 폐결핵 20%, 요로 감염 20%, 폐렴 16%, 진균감염 7.6%, 균혈증 6.2%, 족부 궤양 관련 감염증 5.5%의 순으로 보고되고 있다. 당뇨병환자가 감염증에 대한 원인에 대해서는 확실히 밝혀지지는 않았지만 탈수, 영양실조, 다형 백혈구의 기능 장애, 혈액 순환장애 및 신경병증 등으로 설명되고 있다. 특히 당뇨병환자에서는 미세 혈관병증과 죽상경화증이 흔히 발생하기 때문에 각 조직으로의 혈액 공급이 감소되어 각 장기 조직에서는 정상적인 영양 및 산소 공급과 적절한 면역 반응을 유지하는 것이 어려워 결과적으로 감염증에 걸리기 쉽다. 이 글에서는 여러 가지 감염증 중 족부 궤양 감염증, 기종성 신우신염, 비대뇌모균증, 간농양에 대해 사례를 중심으로 알아보겠다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2021

With the transition to non-face-to-face classes due to the outbreak of COVID-19, education at school sites is moving in a different direction from traditional lecture-style classes. Accordingly, several online platforms have emerged, and our education is in a transitional period of class change. As a result, after a survey of the currently used online platform, where various contrasts clearly exist, compared with the report before the outbreak of COVID-19, students' perception of ICT usage ability in terms of affective, psychic, and value perception changes want to check

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1340-1345
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• 2002

Purpose : We studied the prevalence of snoring and its association with diseases, obesity and environmental factors, as well as sleep disturbance arising from snoring, in school-aged children. Methods : The survey was performed by a special questionnaire on 1,707 children at elementary schools from 1 to 30 July 2001 in Gwangju City. The prevalence of snoring, associated factors, and sleep disturbance were evaluated. Results : 266(16.5%) of the children snored at least once a week. 73(4.3%) of the children snored almost every day. Regarding the associated factors of snoring : There was a statistically significant difference between snoring and nonsnoring groups due to gender, obesity, sinusitis, tonsillar hypertrophy, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Of them, male gender, tonsillar hypertrophy, and obesity were significant risk factors for development of snoring. Especially, the odds ratio increased to 1.048(CI, 1.004-1.659), 1.748(CI, 1.175-2.599), and 2.266(CI, 1.300-3.950) in children with an obesity index of 20-29%, 30-49%, ${\geq}50%$, respectively. There was a statistically significant association of snoring with decreased sleep duration, sleep talking, and drowsiness during the day as a result of sleep disturbance. Conclusion : 16.5% of school-aged children snored at least once a week. The association of snoring with tonsillar hypertrophy, obesity and gender as risk factors was demonstrated in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

A 9-month-old, female Miniature Pinscher(MP) dog weighing 1.97kg was presented because of periodic syncopal episode for 5 months. This case was diagnosed as primary dilated cardiomyopathy based on respiratory distress history, weak femoral pulse, generalized cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, marked dilation of left atrium(LA) and left ventricle(LV), decreased wall thickness of LV and interventricular septum(IVS), increased EPSS in echocardiography, and young age of onset in the absence of other cardiovascular disorders. The patient was stabilized by application of diuretics(Furosemide, 2 mg/kg, SC, q 1 hr) and venodilator(Nitroglycerine patch, 0.5 mg/kg, q 12 hrs). Clinical signs were improved with medical management of positive inotropic vasodilator(Pimobendan, 0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor(benazepril, 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs), potassium gluconate gel(2 mEq/dog, PO, q 12 hrs) and, L-carnitine(50 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs). The dog still maintains stable clinical status 10 months after the first visit. We report the rare case of DCM in small breed dog, which corresponds to the diagnosis and treatment of typical DCM in large breed dog.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.350-355
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• 2002

Background: Most of pulmonary regurgitation with or without stenosis appears to be well tolerated early after the repair of pulmonary outflow tract. However, it may result in symptomatic right ventricular dilatation, dysfunction and arrhythmias over a long period of time. We studied the early outcome of pulmonary valve replacement with tissue valves for patients with the above clinical features. Material and Method: Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary valve replacement from September 1999 to February 2002 were reviewed(9 males and 7 females). The initial diagnoses included tetralogy of Fallot(n=11), and other congenital heart anomalies with pulmonary outflow obstruction(n=5). Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Pericardial Bioprostheses and Hancock porcine valves were used. The posterior two thirds of the bioprosthetic rim was placed on the native pulmonary valve annulus and the anterior one third was covered with a bovine pericardial patch. Preoperative pulmonary regurgitation was greater than moderate degree in 13 patients. Three patients had severe pulmonary stenosis. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 12 patients. Result: Follow-up was complete with a mean duration of 15.8 $\pm$ 8.5months. There was no operative mortality. Cardiothoracic ratio was decreased from 66.0 $\pm$ 6.5% to 57.6 $\pm$ 4.5%(n=16, p=0.001). All patients remained in NYHA class I at the most recent follow-up (n=16, p=0.016). Pulmonary regurgitation was mild or absent in all patients. Tricuspid regurgitation was less than trivial in all patients. Conclusion: In this study we demonstrated that early pulmonary valve replacement for the residual pulmonary regurgitation with or without right ventricular dysfunction was a reasonal option. This technique led to reduce the heart size, decrease pulmonary regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation as well as to improve the patients'functional status. However, a long term outcome should be cautiously investigated.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate pathologic patterns and outcomes of treatment of a biceps tendon lesion associated with a rotator cuff tear. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 92 patients (i) who underwent surgery for a cuff tear, (ii) for whom the biceps lesion could be observed retrospectively, and (iii) had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The pathology of biceps tendon was classified into 4 types: tenosynovitis, fraying or hypertrophy, tear, and instability. All but the 4 with massive cuff tears were repaired. The biceps lesions were treated with debridement in 30, tenotomy in 10, tenodesis in 8, and recentering in 4. UCLA scoring was used for clinical results. Results: Seventy patients had a biceps lesion, 19 tenosynovitis, 22 fraying or hypertrophy, 21 a tear, and 8 instability. A biceps lesion was observed in 63% of cases of cuff tears below the medium size, and in 88% of cases with cuff tears above the large size. UCLA scores according to the pathology of the biceps lesion were 29.6 in the absence of a biceps lesion, and 28.3 in its presence. UCLA scores in patients with tenotomy or tenodesis for associated biceps tendon lesions were 28.2. Conclusion: There is a greater incidence and severity of a biceps lesion with a larger cuff tear. Therefore, the cause of a biceps lesion might be related to the cause of the cuff tear. Among the several options of treatment for biceps lesion, tenotomy or tenodesis may be particularly effective in providing pain relief.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.491-495
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• 2014

Mites were collected from organic cultivations of greenhouse cucumbers and identified as Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: caridae). T. neiswanderi (length, $490.1{\mu}m;$ width, $288.1{\mu}m$) is a very small, milky-white, and egg-shaped mite, and it mainly causes damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of cucumber plants. In the early growing season of cucumbers, the shoots of seedlings became pale and yellow because of T. neiswanderi, and eventually shrinkage or bud-failing was observed in the plants. In the middle of the growing season, T. neiswanderi caused white spots on the leaves and flowers of the plants, and the spots gradually became holes. T. neiswanderi also caused severe damage to young fruits by feeding on the rinds of the fruits, inducing malformations and lowering the economic value.