• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

이 연구는 한국계 이민자 가정과 백인가정 사이의 부모의 행동적 심리적 통제와 아동의 정서적 행복감에 관한 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 미국 시애틀 지역의 8에서 9세 사이의 자녀를 둔 31한국계 가정과 31백인 가정이 연구에 참여하였다. 각 각의 부모들과 자녀들에게 질문지를 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. Acceptance/rejection and control 질문지 결과는 한국계 이민자 가정의 아버지들이 백인 아버지들보다 자녀들에게 전반적으로 더 많은 통제와 공격적 양육태도를 보여주었다. Child Regulation Index결과, 한국계 어머니들도 자녀들에게 더 많은 행동조절 지시를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반해 아동들의 심리내적인 정서를 알아보기 위해 실시한 Reynolds child depression scale에서 한국계 이민자 가정 아동들이 백인 부모의 자녀들보다 자기 자신에 대해 덜 행복하게 느끼고 있음을 보고하였다. 특히 전체적으로 어머니들의 통제가 아동의 심리내적 정서와 관계가 있음이 확인되었고, 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 부모의 심리적 행동적 통제와 아동의 정서적 행복감에 대해 논의하였다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.271-292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of young children's self-control in the relationship between mother's affectionate parenting psychological behavioral control and young children's problem behaviors. The subjects of this study were 368 mothers whose young children were 3 to 5years old and attending to 3 private kindergartens and 2 child-care centers located in Chunkbuk. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Primary factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression, using the SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, young children's self control partially mediated when mother's affectionate parenting affected young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Second, young children's self control partially mediated when mother's psychological control affected young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Third, young children's self control did not show a mediating effect on the relationship between mother's behavioral control and young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. In conclusion, young children's internalization of mother's psychological control and behavioral control as well as affectionate parenting have its effect on problem behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.147-166
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal psychological control and the disparity between children's temperament and mothers' demand level on children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The participants of this study were 221 children aged 4 to 5 and their mothers from three kindergartens located in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do. To measure children's behavior problems, the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales were used. Maternal psychological control was assessed by the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report. The Revised Dimension of Temperament Survey and DOTS-R: ethnotheory was used, to measure the disparity between children's temperament and mothers' demand level. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, both for boys and girls, the disparity between children's activity temperament and mothers' demand level had a negative effect on externalizing behavior problems. However, maternal psychological control had no significant effect on externalizing behavior problems both for boys and girls. Second, for boys, the high level of maternal psychological control and the disparity between children's adaptive temperament and mothers' demand level had a negative effect on internalizing behavior problems. However, for girls, such effects were not significant.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2008

This study examined influences of mothers' attachment experience and separation-anxious psychological control and of adolescents' attachment on adolescents' psychological independence. Participants were 302 high school students (106 boys; 196 girls) and their mothers. Data were collected via questionnaires. Data analyses were by Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results showed that 1) Mothers' attachment experience with their mothers was positively related to girls' attachment to their mothers; mothers' separation-anxious psychological control was negatively related to adolescents' attachment. 2) Adolescents' attachment to their mothers predicted their emotional and functional psychological independence negatively. 3) Mothers' psychological control was negatively related to functional independence of boys but positively related to emotional independence of both boys and girls.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2024

As dating violence is recently rising as one of the most serious social issues, the study examined the effect of internalized shame on controlling behavior manifested in dating relationship. We explored the mediation effect of self-absorption, indicating maladaptive self-focused attention, between each of the four sub-factors of internalized shame(inadequacy, emptiness, self punishment, and fear of mistake) and controlling behavior. Based on the data obtained from 200 single people in their 20-30s, it was revealed that the internalized shame, the self-absorption, and the controlling behavior in dating relationships were all positively correlated. The mediation effect of self-absorption was significant between the sub-factors of internalized shame (inadequacy, emptiness, self punishment, and fear of mistake) and controlling behavior. In other words, the higher the inadequacy, emptiness, self punishment, and fear of mistake, the bigger the self-absorption, and the more frequent the controlling behavior in dating relationship.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.197-208
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for college student's gambling behavior. A structured questionnaire was completed by 246 college students to analyze the relationships between perspective factors(irrational gambling belief), psychological factors(depression, anxiety), social factors(parental monitoring, parental support, friend support), self-control and gambling behavior. The moderating effects of gender, friends and family's gambling behaviors were examined. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21,0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Self-control and psychological factors directly affected the college student's gambling behavior, while perspective factors and social factors affected it indirectly. The model fit indices of the modified model were suitable for the recommended levels. The overall study findings suggest the need to develop a gambling prevention program for college students that reinforces self-control, parental monitoring and support, and friend support while reducing irrational gambling belief, depression, and anxiety. An approach that considers gender and a development of a group counseling program for family or friends are also required.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.569-593
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of rejection sensitivity in pathological narcissism and dating violence, and to verify whether there is a gender difference in each variable, further examining the gender difference in the mediating pathways. The participants of this study were 381 men and women in 20s living across the country, and online self-report surveys was conducted regarding their experiences of pathological narcissism, rejection sensitivity, and four types of dating violence. As a result of verifying gender differences, it was found that women had a higher vulnerability to narcissism, rejection sensitivity and committed more psychological violence, sexual violence, and controlling behavior than men. As a result of the mediation analysis, it was found that rejection sensitivity partial mediated the effect of pathological narcissism on psychological violence and control behavior, but it showed a complete mediation effect on sexual violence. And there was no mediating effect of rejection sensitivity between pathological narcissism and physical violence. As a result of measuring the moderating effect of gender in this mediating pathways, the moderated mediating effect of gender was verified in the effect of naricissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability on control behavior through rejection sensitivity. These results show that pathological narcissism promotes psychological and sexual violence in both men and women, and rejection sensitivity acts as a mediator in this process. In addition, the effect of pathological narcissism on the control behaviors through rejection sensitivity was significantly higher in women than in men, indicating that there are gender differences in the mediated pathways. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.555-575
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• 2022

Recently, dating violence has emerged as a serious social problem, but there is not enough research on controlling behavior among the subtypes of dating violence. Thise study explored the relationship between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior, and the mediation effect of social dominance orientation and social comparison orientation. Furthermore, the study examined if the mediation effect of social dominance orientation between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior differed by gender. As a result, the higher the level of psychological entitlement, the stronger the level of social dominance orientation, social comparison orientation, and the controlling behavior. In addition, the stronger the level of social dominance orientation and social comparison orientation, the more frequently was the occurance of the controlling behavior committed. The level of social dominance orientation mediated the relationship between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior. The level of ability comparison orientation mediated the relationship between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior. The mediation effect of social dominance orientation between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior was moderated by gender. In other words, the mediation effect of social dominance orientation between psychological entitlement and controlling behavior was significant for the male, but not for the female. The limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4520-4527
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to investigate the relationship between parental psychological/behavioral control and adolescents' self-esteem and their internalized/externalized problems. The other is to examine if self-esteem mediate the effects of parental control upon adolescents' internalized/externalized problems. Total of 355 girls(52%) and boys(48%) from middle(48%) and high school(52%) were participated. Results indicated that adolescents' self-esteem, and internalized/externalized problems were negatively related to parental psychological control, and positively related to parental behavioral control. It was also found that self-esteem partially mediated the effects of parental psychological control upon adolescents' internalized problems, and completely mediated the effects of parental behavioral control on their internalized as well as externalized problems. Some implications for advisable parenting behaviors were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.209-218
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• 2017

This study examined the influence of social support (social support from family, social support from friends), psychological behavioral characteristics (self-esteem, interpersonal dependency, locus of control), and stress on the depression levels of college students. The study subjects were 546 college students in D city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in October 2015. As a result, the depression levels were significantly higher in the group showing lower family and friends' social support, self-esteem, and locus of control, while it was significantly higher in the group showing higher interpersonal dependency and stress. The depression levels of the subjects showed a negative correlation with family and friends' social support, self-esteem, and locus of control, but a positive correlation with interpersonal dependency and stress. Covariance structure analysis revealed an increase in the depression levels of college students when the awareness of the stress source was higher, and when the awareness of social support or psychological behavioral characteristics was lower. These results suggest that the depression levels of college students would be increased when the social support and psychological behavioral characteristics are low, and when stress is high. In particular, it was influenced much more by stress than other factors. Therefore, to decrease the depression levels of college students, it would be necessary to put efforts to understand their main stress sources and then reduce them.