• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 2020

Purpose: It has been previously reported that breast tumor incidence, growth, and metastasis are stimulated by high-fat diet but reduced by caloric restriction. However, few studies have elucidated the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet after breast cancer initiation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to provide practical assistance to breast cancer prevention and management by investigating the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups (high-fat diet control [HFC] group and diet restriction [DR] group) and consumed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. 4T1 cells were transplanted into subcutaneous fat or tail vein to measure the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. The HFC and DR groups continuously ingested either high-fat diet or AIG-93G diet for 5 weeks or 3 weeks, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis markers from tumor tissues were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Results: The results show that the DR group significantly reduced breast tumor initiation, growth, and tumor tissue weight compared to the HFC group. The DR group suppressed tumor growth by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-xL and up-regulation of caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, the DR group significantly reduced numbers of metastasized tumors in lung tissues. Conclusion: These results suggest that dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet decreased breast growth by reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and metastasis. Taken together, these results indicate that dietary change to a low-fat and balanced diet might suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis even after tumor diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

In order to establish a micropropagation system for buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima ) and common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), the effects of several plant growth regulators and culture temperature on shoot multiplication and rooting were investigated. In buffalo gourd, the greatest number of shoot from shoot tip culture and well growth of formed shoot were obtained on the MIS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 or 0.6 mg/L IAA. Whereas kinetin and 2iP were not effective for shoot multiplication in vitro. It was found that 22$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ were suitable for shoot multiplication. Roots were easily formed by the addition of auxins, especially 1.0 or 2.0 mg/L IBA and 2.0 mg/L IAA. Over 90% of plants survived successfully after being transferred into the field. In common milkweed, BA was more effective than kinetin or 2iP for its micropropagation in vitro. The increased shoot weight and number of nodes per shoot were obtained on the medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 or 0.6 mg/L IAA. But 2iP promoted the shoot elongation. In addition. common milkweed was sensitive to culture temperature in vitro. Temperature around 22$^{\circ}C$ was favorable for shoot multiplication and growth, whereas temperature higher than $25^{\circ}C$ usually reduced the rate of shoot survival rate.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

Three different diet were made with meat for Crossbred pig ($^{\circ}_{+}$, 195 days old, $l15{\pm}5\;kg,\;Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and used as feed for rats after transformed into 12% protein, These diets include a pork not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period (Control, $T_0$), a pork fed with 3 and 5% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period, respectively ($T_1$), and a pork fed with 6 and 10% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period respectively($T_2$). The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats with the three diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats was similar among the diets. The total lipid level of liver was similar among $T_0,\;T_1\;and\;T_2$. However, it was found that $T_1\;and\;T_2$ had significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol level than $T_0$(p<0.05). All the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and ${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

In this experiment, we report for the first time mass propagation by in vitro mircrotuberization of Codonopsis lanceolata. We first examined the effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot induction. 2.0 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of kinetin not only gave the highest rate of shoot induction (19.1%) but also the elongation of shoot (17.1 mm). Secondly, we investigated the effect of sugars on in vitro microtuberization from nodal segments. The diameter of tuberous roots was enlarged in the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 145.9 mM sucrose. Histological analysis revealed that the number of parenchymatous cell containing starch grains increased in the tuberous roots. In addition, unlike in non-tuberous root, vascular bundles were scattered inner cortex layer. Thirdly, in order to preserve and stimulate the germination, microtubers were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ refrigerator during 9 months and then transplanted to the artificial soils (vermiculrite : peatmoss = 1:1 v/v), resulting that the rates of survival and germination were 75% and 70%, respectively. These results indicated that mass propagation of C. lanceolata was achieved by in vitro microtuber formation, suggesting that this protocol might be applied for not only the propagation of elite clones but also conservation of C. lanceolata germplasm.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2012

In the present study, the effects of plant growth regulators on adventitious shoot and root formation of various explants of $in$ $vitro$ seedlings of $Solanum$ $nigrum$ L. were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the high-efficiency plant regeneration of this species. The formation of adventitious shoots was higher in leaf explants than in cotyledon, hypocotyl, or epicotyl explants at low concentrations (0.5~2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ ) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The number of adventitious shoots and the shoot length were also higher in both leaf and cotyledon explants. In particular, 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP was most effective for stimulating the induction and multiplication of adventitious shoots. In terms of root formation and root development from shoots that were separated from multiple shoots, indole butyric acid (IBA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were more effective than ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The percentage of rooting as well as the number of roots per shoot (4.0), root length (7.82 cm), and shoot length (8.76 cm) was highest on MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA. Furthermore, 100% of the regenerated plantlets survived when transplanted to compost soil. These results suggest that leaf explants are the best source for the high-efficiency regeneration of $S.$ $nigrum$ L., and that 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP and 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$ IAA are the best conditions for shoot and root induction, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

Protoplasts were isolated from the leaf mesophyll tissue of in vitro 4-weeks-old Arabidopsis thaliana and cultured in MS liquid medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L BAP and 9% mannitol in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$. When protoplast-derived microcolonies were dehydrated, the frequency of callus induction enhanced approximately 7-fold higher compared with non-dehydrated microcolonies in CP medium. Fifty callus lines were selected from dehydrated microcolonies. Shoots were efficiently initiated from the green spots of the selected shoot forming calli cultured on MS regeneration medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L IAA, 7.0 mg/L 2-iP and 30 g/L sucrose under continous illumination for 4 weeks. Shoot regeneration frequencies (calli regenerating at least one shoot) were 3.5%~56%. Histological observations of shoot forming callus revealed that tracheary elements initiated from inner compact cells, and that meristemoids developed to shoot primordia and shoots. Roots were induced from these regenerating shoots on MS medium without phytohormones. These regenerants were successfully transplanted into potting soil. Morphological characterization of 50 protoplast-derived plants showed that the frequency of normal type was 78%.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2003

Fluoroquinolone is one of the first-line antibiotics recommended for treating community-acquired pneumonia. However, using fluroquinolones for presumptive community-acquired pneumonia can delay the diagnosis and the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis because of its strong activity against mycobacteria. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old female taking immunosuppressants after a renal transplant whose diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was delayed as a result of the use of levofloxacin and amikacin under the original impression of community-acquired pneumonia. This case suggests that clinicians should consider the possibility of pulmonary tuberculosis in the case of a partial response of the pneumonia to flouroquinolones and/or aminoglycosides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for in vitro propagation of wild Cynanchum wilfordii. The highest in vitro seed germination rate of 91.6% was obtained from the seed treated with gibberellic acid ($GA_{3}$) (100 ppm) for 24 hours followed by cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine (BA). The best shoot height obtained (5.2 cm) in medium with 1.0 mg/L $GA_{3}$, but the plants was grown abnormally and eventually died. The highest number (2.4) was shown when shoot were in cultured on the media including 0.1 mg/L BA after 4 weeks. Root induction from shoot obtained in vitro culture was effective on ventilation and without plant growth regulators (PGRs) and root length was highly developed (2 cm) at 0.1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest survival rate (70%) was when plantlet grew pre-ventilation of in vitro condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.502-507
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• 2022

In the present study, plant regeneration through adventitious shoot formation from hypocotyl segments of in vitro seedlings of groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) was investigated to determine the optimum culture conditions for highly efficient regeneration of the species. Adventitious shoots in hypocotyl segments were efficiently induced on MS media with low concentrations of BAP, specifically, with 0.5-1.0 mg/L BAP singly or in combination with 0.1-0.5 mg/L NAA. The 1.0 mg/L BAP single treatment was most effective for forming multiple adventitious shoots. When the induced shoots were transferred to the root induction media, low concentrations of NAA, IBA, and IAA enhanced the development of adventitious roots from adventitious shoots, suggesting that low concentrations of auxins were optimal for producing regenerated plantlets. The number of roots per shoot was large (> 2.0), and the root length exceeded 8.0 cm. In particular, the development and the overall shape of the roots were ideal. Furthermore, the number and length of shoots exceeded 2 and 6.0 cm, respectively. When the regenerated plantlets were transferred to compost soil, the root and shoot systems had developed well to the point that all of the regenerated plantlets acclimated successfully, resulting in normal morphology and growth characteristics, similar to those of the mother plant. Therefore, plant regeneration via adventitious shoot formation is expected to be one of the main methods for producing groundcherry on a large scale for a stable supply of the raw materials.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2005

Purpose : The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders. They are caused by a deficiency of the enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Early recognition is important because recombinant enzyme replacement therapy is now available for MPS. We studied the clinical characteristics of 80 MPS children with the object of determining the epidemiological, clinical and radiological features in Korean MPS children. Methods : Diagnosis of MPS was confirmed by skin fibroblast enzyme analysis in 80 patients between February 1995 and December 2004. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and radiological findings, as well as for intelligence and speech evaluations. Results : Hunter syndrome (MPS type II) was the most prevalent type, appearing in 51/80 cases (64 %), followed by Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III-18%), Hurler syndrome (MPS I-15%), and Morquio syndrome (MPS IV-4%). The average age at diagnosis was 5.5 years (range 1 to 20), and the male-to-female ratio was 4.7 : 1. Typical radiographic changes were observed in 45/54 cases (83%). Mitral regurgitation was the most common cardiac defect. Moderate to profound mental retardation and hearing loss were present in 14/35 cases (56%) and 33/38 cases (82%), respectively. Four MPS II patients had bone marrow transplantation, with mixed outcomes. Five MPS I patients are currently on enzyme replacement therapy. Conclusion : Our study showed a high proportion of MPS II cases (64%), which may represent population variability. By studying the clinical features of these patients, we hope to alert pediatricians of the warning signs of MPS.