• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.3
• /
• pp.339-350
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate distributional condition of rare plants and useful plant resources, and to verify distributional patterns of understory vegetation associated with the upper layer's vegetation structure. Total 59 families, 160 genera, 218 kinds of vascular plants were identified at the study site including 6 rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service (Lloydia triflora Bak., Trillium kamtschaticum Pall., Lilium distichum Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, Iris odaesanensis Y.N. Lee, Viola diamantica Nakai). Twenty three species of useful plant resources were also identified at the site; 8 of them showed clustered distributions and the others were prone to scatter. Actual vegetation of this study area consisted of one natural community dominated by Quercus mongolica Fisch. and three disturbed communities of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere, Abies holophylla Max. and/or a herbaceous vegetation resulting from forest removal and strong wind of mountain top. This classification was strongly supported by cluster analysis based on the surveyed plot data. Distributional patterns of understory vegetation within forest stand were somewhat related to overstory vegetation structure, but showed a different tendency according to site condition, species composition, and competitive pressure among understory vegetation. Therefore, in order to protect the important understory components as forest genetic resources, forest treatments such as density control of overstory should be implanted based on understanding of impact on understory's dynamics and growing condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2011

하구는 하천의 담수와 염수가 교차되고 혼합되는 기 수역으로서 수생 생태계의 중요한 서식처이며 바다와 하천의 중요한 생태통로가 되고 있다. 국내에서는 4대 하천 중에서 한강하구가 유일하게 하구 둑이 없는 자연하구이며 나머지 대하천은 둑으로 인해 담수와 해수의 자연스러운 흐름이 제한되고 생태적인 연결이 단절된 형태이다. 한강하구에는 대규모 습지가 분포하고 있으며 특히 장항습지는 종단길이 약 7.5km, 폭 최대 500m에 달하는 대규모 습지로서 고라니를 비롯한 동물과 줄, 선버들을 비롯한 식물의 대규모 군락이 분포하는 등 생태적 가치가 높은 지역이다. 본 연구에서는 한강하구의 장항습지와 산남습지를 대상으로 특정구간의 물리적 특성, 식생의 분포특성을 파악하고 연관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1차적으로 포괄적인 현장조사를 통해 전체 식생군락과 분포를 파악하고 특징적인 식생군락을 선정하였다. 2차적으로는 선정된 줄 및 선버들 군락지를 대상으로 토양단면, 토양입경을 분석하고, 새섬매자기 군락지를 대상으로 측량을 실시하였다. 3차적으로는 대상 군락의 지하수위를 측정하여 상호관계를 분석하였다. 이 결과는 우선 한강하구의 지역적 특징에 국한되지만 향후 타 지역과의 비교연구가 수행된다면 대상 식생과 물리적 생장조건과의 정량적인 관계가 도출될 것으로 판단된다.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.275-288
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze relationship between the NDVI change pattern and landcover change pattern in the City of Sungnam during 1985 and 1996. The results of this study are as follows; (1) NDVI of the level 6 and 7 is decreased and the level 5 is increased in the area where Forst area changed to the other land cover during 1985 and 1996. (2) In the area where Agricultural-Pasture changed to forest, NDVI level became higher certainly during that time. But in the area where there has been changed from Agricultural-Pasture to Urban or built-up, Agricultural-Pasture to Barren land, the level of NDVI is decreased. (3) In the Urban or built-up to other land, or built-up the level of NDVI is increased. (4) In the area where Barren land changed to other land cover, the level of NDVI is increased.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the species composition of the remnant forest vegetation (Natural Monument No. 65) in the Mok-do island of Ulsan city and its relation to ecological long-term monitoring. Syntaxonomical classification and actual vegetation map were depicted in very fine scale 1:800 for better understanding spatial distribution and vitality of individual trees and communities. A total of 111 species and 13 plant communities occurred on the 19,166 ㎡ area. Evergreen broad-leaved forest of Machilus thunbergii is a representative vegetation type, which covers 37.4% of the island area. Evergreen coniferous forest of Pinus thunbergii covers 18.6% of the island. These two forests occurred at different parts of the island, i.e., the former at the rearward and the later at the frontward of island against marine. 95.7% of trees analysed was determined as critically and absolutely monitored individuals. From a conservation perspective the Mok-do vegetation is extremely vulnerable, which must be long-termly monitored using an assessment of tree vitality and a fine scale map of vegetation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.356-360
• /
• 2015

기존의 하천관리는 이 치수에 중점을 두었다면 최근에는 환경의 중요성을 인식하고 하천복원사업을 통해 주변환경을 개선하여 자연과 공존하는 방향으로 바뀌고 있다. 하천에 분포하는 다양한 종류의 식생은 지형변화, 유속 및 수위 변화 등 직 간접적으로 하천에 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 효과적인 하천관리를 위해서는 하천흐름에 대한 식생의 영향을 이해하고 분석하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 다차원 수리 수질 통합분석이 가능한 EFDC모형을 이용하여 홍수터 식생에 의한 하천의 수리특성 변화를 모의하였다. 금강수계 공주보~백제보 구간에 대한 수치지도 및 수심측량 정보를 바탕으로 작성된 3차원 정밀지형도와 30~50 m 간격의 직교곡선격자망을 이용하여 지형을 구축하고, 홍수터 식생에 의한 흐름저항을 반영하기 위한 현장조사를 통해 작성된 식생분포지도를 토대로 교목류(Tree), 관목류(Shrub), 초본류(Herb), 수체(Water) 4가지로 구분하여 분포밀도, 흉고직경, 교목의 높이를 모형에 적용하였다. 2일 간의 보 운영조건에 따라 상류의 공주보 방류량과 하류의 백제보 수위를 경계조건으로 분석을 실시하고, 동일기간 61개 관측지점 중에서 상 중 하류 4개의 임의지점에 대하여 유속측정결과와 모의결과의 비교를 통해 모형을 검증하였다. 홍수터가 완전히 잠겨 식생의 영향을 크게 받는 고유량 조건에 대하여 식생의 적용 여부에 따른 수리특성 변화를 살펴본 결과 홍수터의 경우 일부구간에서 유속이 감소하였으나 인근 주수로의 유속은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하천수위의 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.669-673
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 식생 하층 및 상층영역의 층평균 유속 및 유속 분포에 관련한 모형을 제시하였다. 제안된 모형을 정상류 흐름에 적용할 경우, 수심, 경사, 식생밀도, 식생높이와 같은 기본조건만을 이용하여, 각 층의 평균유속 뿐만 아니라 유속 분포를 산정할 수 있다. 모의 식생 및 레이저 도플러 유속계를 이용한 실내 수리실험을 수행하여 제안식의 적용성 및 정확성을 파악하였고, 기존 문헌 자료의 유속 및 식생 자료를 이용하여 범용성을 확인하였다. 분석 결과 본 연구에서 제시된 제안식이 비교적 정확하게 각 식생층의 평균유속을 산정하는 것으로 나타났으며, 식생조건 및 흐름조건의 변화에 따른 조도계수의 변화 양상에 대해 살펴보았다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.587-594
• /
• 2019

This study experimentally investigated the effects of high and low densities of vegetation patches on the flow characteristics in a stream-scale outdoor experimental channel with rooted willows. Stream-scale experiments on vegetated flows were carried out for an emergent condition of vegetation. Vegetation patches were arranged by alternate bar formation and the flows in vegetated and non-vegetated sections were compared. Three-dimensional flow structure was measured by ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter) and the vertical distributions of longitudinal velocity were mainly analyzed from the measurements at various points. Flow velocities show different patterns depending on the density of vegetation patches. The difference in flow velocity between in the vegetated and non-vegetated sections appear to large in the dense patches and the flow becomes complicated at the downstream edge of the patch. Despite the upstream flow disturbed by the first patch, the flows over the second patch show the similar pattern.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.6B
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2010

Recently management of vegetation distributed in the watercourse is very important not only for safety but also for river restoration. In general, vegetations in the watercourse increase hydraulic resistance and accordingly decrease conveyance capacity which may yield levee overflow. This paper simulates water level rise using 1D and 2D hydro dynamic model to check the possibility of overflow in downstream of the Soyang Reservoir by assigning different roughness coefficient corresponding to different types of vegetation. In this study, 3 different vegetation types of tree, shrub, and main channel were considered and corresponding Manning's roughness coefficient n was assigned based on the vegetation map generated from the site investigation. As results, the water level raised about 0.1 to 0.7 m comparing with the case without considering vegetation and a proper measurements is necessary where overflow occurs due to low level levee.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2010

This study identified the dynamic process of sandbar and vegetation distribution of the sandbar on the Tan-cheon River. The study area is located in the lower reaches of the Tan-cheon River that has been managed as an Ecosystem Reserve Area since 2002. For the study, the geomorphological process was analyzed through mapping analysis using a satellite image followed by analysis of the vegetation distribution through an on-site survey. The major findings were as follows : First, In the fluvial geomorphic process, various kinds of sandbars were developed in 1990s, the morphologic characteristics changing continuously. Second, In the distribution of vegetation on the sandbar, the sandbar shore was covered with bare sand substrate or intermittent annual vegetation because of the periodic fluctuation of the water-level due to intensive disturbances. Third, In the relationship between the sandbar formation and vegetation, four types of sandbars were classified: channel-shore stable bar, channel-shore unstable bar, mid-channel stable bar and mid-channel unstable bar, according to the fluvial disturbance & vegetation process. The study verifies that the vegetation distribution is reciprocally related to the geomorphological process. Accordingly, it is meaningful in the selection of plant species and the planting area of the sand bar. However, it is limited to the planting guidelines on river restoration projects. More diverse on-site experimental studies should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2009

This research aims at having a grip on the actual condition of vegetation distribution Byeonsanbando National Park and to propose a survey and drawing criteria for vegetation map. Thus, this research conducted a survey of the vegetation distribution on Byeonsanbando National Park through review of the literatures on vegetation surveys on the National Parks in the past and at the present and preparing criteria for survey and drawing of vegetation. The actual vegetation of Bye on san ban do National Park was classified into eight plant communities and other land; the Substitution forest, or natural forest was classified into four plant communities including Quercus variabilis community, deciduous forest, Pinus densiflora community, and mixed forest while afforested land was classified into four forest types: P. rigida forest, P. thunbergii forest, P. rigida forest, P. rigitaeda forest, P. rigida - thunbergii forest, etc. The area belonging to grade 7 in Nature Degree was found to be the largest, covering 69.1% in Byeonsanbando National Park while the area belonging to grade 9 was very rare, covering 0.36%. Thus, it is suggested that criteria for survey and drawing map needed for the systematic survey and management of vegetation in National Parks.