• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.917-922
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• 2009

The effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid into an n-3 fatty acid adequate diet on the improvement of learning related brain function was investigated. On the second day after conception, Sprague Dawley strain dams were subjected to a diet containing either n-3 fatty acid adequate (Adq, 3.4% linolenic acid) or n-3 fatty acid adequate+docosahexaenoic acid (Adq+DHA, 3.31%linolenic acid plus 9.65% DHA). After weaning, male pups were fed on the same diet of their respective dams until adulthood. Motor activity and Morris water maze tests were measured at 10 weeks. In the motor activity test, there were no statistically significant differences in moving time and moving distance between the Adq and Adq+DHA diet groups. The n-3 fatty acid adequate with DHA (Adq+DHA) group tended to show a shorter escape latency, swimming time and swimming distance compared to the n-3 fatty acid adequate group (Adq), but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in resting time, but the Adq+DHA group showed a higher swimming speed compared to the Adq group. In memory retention trials, the numbers of crossing of the platform position (region A), in which the hidden platform was placed, were significantly greater than those of other regions for both Adq and Adq+DHA groups. Based on these results, adding DHA into the n-3 fatty acid adequate diet from gestation to adulthood tended to induce better spatial learning performance in Sprague Dawley rats as assessed by the Morris water maze test, although the difference was not significant.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

본 연구는 돼지 체세포의 clonal cell lines을 효율적으로 확립할 수 있는 배양방법을 제시하기 위하여 실시하였다. 50일령의 돼지태아로부터 섬유아세포를 회수하여 2회 계대배양 후 단일 세포를 96-well plate와 4-well dish에서 배양하여 배양액내의 FBS농도(10, 30, 50%), 첨가제(catalase, $\beta$-mercaptoethanol; BME), 세포의 크기(<16, 16~20, 20<) 및 형태(smooth, rough)에 따른 cell line 확립 효율을 검토하였다. FBS 농도에 따른 clonal line 확립 효율과 PD를 검토한 결과, 효율에 있어서 30% FBS 처리구(5.1%)가 10%(0.3%) 및 50%처리구(2.1%)보다 비교적 높게 나타났으나 유의적 차이는 없었으며, PD의 경우는 10, 30, 50%처리구에서 각각 36.7, 29.4, 26.3 시간으로 FBS 농도가 증가할수록 PD 시간이 유의적으로 짧아졌다(p<0.05). 배양액 첨가제에 있어서 BME 가시 무처리구나 catalase 첨가시보다 유의적으로 높은 효율을 보였으며(11.4%, 3.2%, 3.2%; p<0.05), PD 시간은 짧게 나타났다(23.6, 25.5, 28.1; p<0.05). 그러나 catalase는 cell line 확립 효율에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 세포의 크기에 따른 cell line 확립효율은 5.2~8.2%로 크기에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았으며, PD 또한 23.7~27.9 시간으로 세포 크기에 따른 차이는 없었다. 세포의 형태에 따른 세포의 부착율은 smooth(55.8%)구가 rough(73.0%)구보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나(p<0.05), clonal line 확립 효율(7.7%n vs. 6.6%) 및 PD(23.5h vs. 24.0h)에서는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과, 세포의 형태에 따른 cell line 확립 효율은 큰 차이가 없었으나, 세포 배양액내에 30% FBS와 BME의 첨가로 clonal cell line 확립 효율을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 cell line 확립 효율이 높아질수록 PD 시간이 짧아지는 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2013

This study aims at enhancing the objective estimation of social cost of air quality due to mobile emission. More specifically, it examines the difference between the daily oriented and hourly oriented estimation results of social air quality cost and draws implications from the comparative analysis. The result indicates that the social cost of air quality differs up to approximately 24 times depending on the analysis time period. Moneywise, the difference between daily and hourly assignments amounts to the average of 653.5 billion won whereas only 1% of error occurred in the estimation result based on peak and nonpeak based hourly assignment. This study reaffirms the need for time-based travel demand management for emission reduction, and confirms the feasibility of emission estimation by travel demand forecasting method over the conventional method employed by the CAPSS.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify types of leisure time spending of the Korean elderly according to the data of Hours of Living 2014 from National Statistical Office, and compare and analyze features of leisure time spending based on general characteristics of the elderly. Method : This study has only adopted the data of 9228 elder people whose ages were above 65, and their general characteristics and time spending features form the data of Hours of Living 2014. The final comparison and analysis has been made through behavior classification (1 major classification, 7 medium classification, 39 minor classification), which reflects how the elderly spend their leisure time according to their household and personal characteristics. Result : Firstly, the Korean elderly were found to spend most of their leisure time with media. Secondly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on household characteristics of the elderly, their gender and household income showed significant differences in all types of leisure time activities except for cultural and sightseeing activity. And their marital status showed significant differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding leisure time activity with media and cultural and sightseeing activity. Thirdly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on personal characteristics of the elderly, their education level has made significant differences in all types of leisure time activities. As for their economic activity status and average monthly income, they showed meaningful differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding cultural and sightseeing activity and ritual activity. Conclusion : We should help to find meaningful occupation within personal contexts and arrange it properly with balanced leisure time spending. Moreover, it is highly important to have appropriate occupational approach to prevent social isolation of the Korean elderly, and ensure their fruitful and successful later life.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2008

To investigate the rheological properties of protein mixed gels mediated by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), pork myofibrillar protein (MFP), sodium caseinate (SC) and their mixture (MS), the various gels were incubated at different temperatures for various times. Extracted MFP, SC and their mixture (MS, 1:1) were incubated at different temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$ vs $37^{\circ}C$) for various times (0, 0.5, 2, 4 hr), and assessed for viscosity, gel strength and other characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). DSC measurements showed that incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ rather than $4^{\circ}C$ caused marked changes in thermal transition, and MS displayed similar thermal curves (three endothermic transitions) to MFP and SC alone. After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, the viscosity (cP) of MS increased (p<0.05) due to induction by MTGase, whereas no differences were observed at $4^{\circ}C$. However, gel strength values were no different, regardless of incubation temperatures and times. Future research will address how longer incubation times affect the functionality of protein mixed gels mediated by MTGase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.111.1-111
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• 2003

삼백초 지상부의 에탄올 추출농도와 추출 시간에 따른 수율, total phenol과 total flavonoid함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 조사하였다. 추출 온도 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 에탄올농도를 증가시키면서 8시간동안 환류추출하였다. 추출수율과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 에탄올농도 40%까지는 증가하다가 60%이상에서는 감소하였고 total phenolic compound와 total flavonoid의 함량도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. total phenolic compound의 함량은 40%와 60%에서 큰 차이가 없는 반면 total flavonoid의 함량은 40%에서 더 높았다. total phenolic compound와 total flavonoid 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 추출수율은 40% 이상에서는 큰 변화가 없어 추출용매의 조건은 40% 에탄올로 선정하였다. 40% 에탄올로 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 동안 4시간 간격으로 환류추출하였을 때 total phenolic compound와 total flavonoid 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 추출수율은 4시간 이후 큰 차이가 없었다. 삼백초의 용매추출조건으로는 40% 에탄올, 4시간 추출하는 것이 적합하다고 판정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.891-897
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• 2021

With the development of Amyloid PET Tracer, the accuracy of Alzheimer's diagnosis can be improved through the identification of beta-amyloid neurites. However, the long image acquisition time of 20 minutes can be difficult for the patient. PET/CT scans are sensitive to patient movement and may partially affect test results. In this study, we studied the proper image acquisition time without affecting the quantitative evaluation of the image through the list mode acquisition method according to the time of the distribution of radioactive drugs in the body. The list mode includes information about time compared to the existing frame mode, and it is easy to analyze data because it can reconstruct images about the time that researchers want. The research method obtained a reconstructed image by time using a list mode of 5min frame/bed, 10min frame/bed, 15min frame/bed, and 20min frame/bed to compare the difference between signal-to-pons take ratio (SNR) and lesion-to-pons uptake ratio (LPR) and the difference in reading time to obtain an appropriate image. As a result of quantitative analysis, when measuring in list mode, SUVmean values decreased in 6 regions of interest as the image acquisition time increased, but showed the largest difference in 5 min/bed images, followed by 10 min/bed and 15 min/bed. As a result, the difference in SUVmean values decreased. Therefore, it was found that SUVmean values at 15 min/bed did not differ enough to not affect image evaluation. There was no difference in LPR values. As a result of the qualitative analysis, there was no change in the reading findings according to the PET image acquisition time and there was no significant difference in the qualitative analysis score of the image reconstruction according to time. As a result of the study, there is no significant difference between 15 min/bed and 20 min/bed images during the ¹⁸F-flutemetamol PET/CT test, so it can be said that it is clinically useful to reduce the image acquisition time selectively using 15 min/bed via list mode depending on the patient's condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 in vitro에서 성숙된 난자의 핵성숙(Polar Body extrusion)에 소요되는 시간과 배반포 단계로의 발달능력 사이의 관계를 비교하여 조기에 발달능력을 가진 embryo를 선발할 수 있는 IVP 체계를 개발하고자 하였으며 in vitro maturation(IVM)에 따른 first polar body(PB) 형성, IVM과 IVF 시간이 oocyte의 발달에 미치는 영향과 생산된 배반포의 세포수를 평가하였다. IVM은 TCM199 배양액을 사용하였고 in vitro fertilization(IVF)은 Fer -TALP용액을 사용하였으며 in vitro culture(IVC)는 CRlaa 배양액을 사용하여 2일까지는 0.3% BSA를 3일 부터는 10%FBS와 bovine oviduct epithelial cell을 첨가하여 배양하였다. IVM 시간에 따른 PB의 출현율은 0hr(0%), 6hr(0%), 12hr(0%), 14hr(8.7%), 16hr(40.5%), 18hr(48.0%), 20hr(65%), 22(68%) 그리고 24hr(74.5%)을 보였으며 IVM 시간에 따른 cleavage 및 8cell 발달율 사이에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 배반포(BL) 및 8cell에서 배반포로 발달률은 18시간(BL 31$\pm$6, BL/8cell 82 $\pm$5%)에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 24시간(BL 17$\pm$2, BL/8cell 60$\pm$8%)과 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). IVC 7일째 배반포의 총세포수와 trophoblast(TE) 세포수는 IVM 18시간(mean$\pm$S.E.; total: 131.1$\pm$34.0, TE: 97.6$\pm$29.6)에서 24시간(total: 112.2$\pm$17.5, TE: 80.1$\pm$15.6)보다 유의하게 많은 것으로 나왔으나(P<0.05) 7일째의 inner cell mass(ICM) 숫자(18hr 33.5$\pm$12.8 vs 24hr 32.1$\pm$12.0)와 8일째 ICM, TE 그리고 총 세포수에는 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다. IVM 18시간에서 PB 형성과 8cell 발달률 사이에 높은 상관성을 보였고 배반포 및 8cell에서 배반포 단계로 높은 발달률을 보였으며 생산된 배반포의 TE 숫자와 총 세포수가 유의하게 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 IVM 18시간 실시하였을 경우 보다 많은 세포수를 가진 배반포 발달 가능성이 높은 embryo를 조기에 선발 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1694-1697
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• 2008

하절기의 태풍 및 장마시 유입되는 탁수는 수자원의 효율적 관리를 저해하는 요소로서, 현재 일부댐에 이러한 탁수의 장기화를 방지하고 탁수로 인한 하류부의 영향기간을 줄이기 위하여 선택취수시설이 설치되어 운영중에 있으며, 많은 댐을 대상으로 탁수발생 현상에 대하여 모델링 기법을 이용한 탁수거동 분석이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 태화강수계의 대곡천에 위치한 대곡댐 및 사연댐에 대하여 강우시 호내에 유입된 탁수의 거동을 분석하기 위하여 CE-QUAL-W2 모형을 구축하였다. 유입 탁도자료는 2007년 하절기 강우시 실측된 결과를 이용하였으며, 탁수가 유입된 이후 일별로 호내에서 측정된 수심별수온 및 탁도자료를 이용하여 모델을 보정하였다. 유입 이전의 조사시 표층 및 심층의 수온차이가 $1^{\circ}C$ 미만으로서 수온성층이 형성되지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 고탁수 유입시 탁수층이 중층 이하에서 바닥층까지로 유입되는 것으로 나타났으며, 보정결과 침강보다 자연적인 소멸 등의 침강 외적인 요인으로 인하여 탁도가 저감되는 것으로 분석되었으며 이에 대한 추가적인 검토가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 댐축에의 탁수층 도달시간을 검토한 결과 대곡댐은 18시간 이내, 사연댐은 30시간 이내에 댐축에 도달하는 것으로 예측되었다. 댐별 저수용량이 각각 9월 14일 기준으로 $10.3\;Mm^3$ 및 $17.2\;Mm^3$으로서 60% 가까운 차이를 보이나, 9월 18일 기준으로 $18.2\;Mm^3$, $24.2\;Mm^3$로 나타나 각각 $7.9\;Mm^3$, $7.0\;Mm^3$의 저수용량증가를 나타내었다. 실제로 유입된 양의 차이는 크지 않은 반면에 초기 체적의 차이가 크게 나타남($10.3\;Mm^3$, $17.2\;Mm^3$의 약 60% 차이)으로써 이러한 탁수층이 댐축에 도달하는 시간의 차이가 발생한 것으로 판단된다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Time synchronization algorithm in wireless sensor networks is essential to various applications such as object tracking, data encryption, duplicate detection, and precise TDMA scheduling. This paper describes CDRS that is a time synchronization algorithm using the Clock Drift rate and Reference Signals between two sensor nodes. CDRS is composed of two steps. At first step, the time correction is calculated using offset and the clock drift rate between the two nodes based on the LTS method. Two nodes become a synchronized state and the time variance can be compensated by the clock drift rate. At second step, the synchronization node transmits reference signals periodically. This reference signals are used to calculate the time difference between nodes. When this value exceeds the maximum error tolerance, the first step is performed again for resynchronization. The simulation results on the performance analysis show that the time accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced 2.5 times compared to the time synchronization algorithm with only LTS, because CDRS reduces the number of message about 50% compared to LTS and reference signals do not use the data space for timestamp.