• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.699-720
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of benzalkonium chloride solution as a wetting agent instead of water on dentin bonding with NTG-GMA/BPDM system (All-bond 2, Bisco.) and DSDM system (Aelitebond, Bisco.). Benzalkonium chloride solution is a chemical disinfectant widely used in medical and dental clinics for preoperative preparation of skin and mucosa due to its strong effect of cationic surface active detergent. Eighty freshly extracted bovine lower incisor were grinded labially to expose flat dentin surface, and then were acid-etched with 10 % phosphoric acid for 15 second, water-rinsed, and dried for 10 second with air syringe. The specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 teeth. The specimens of control group were remoistured with water and the specimens of experimental groups were remoistured with 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1.0 % benzalkonium chloride solution respectively. And then, the Aelitefil composite resin was bonded to the pretreated surface of the specimens by use of All-bond 2 dentin bonding system or Aelitebond dentin bonding system in equal number of the specimens. The bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, then the tensile bond strength was measured, the mode of failure was observed, the fractured dentin surface were examined under scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy was taken for the purpose of investigating the changes of the dentin surface pretreated with benzal konium chloride solution followed by each primer of the dentin bonding systems. The results were as follows : In the group of bonding with NTG-GMA/BPDM dentin bonding agent(All-bond 2), higher tensile bond strength was only seen in the experimental group remoistured with 0.1 % benzal konium chloride solution than that in water-remoistured control group(p<0.05). In the group of bonding with DSDM dentin bonding agent (Aelitebond), no significant differences were seen between the control and each one of the experimental group(p<0.05). Higher tensile bond strength were seen in NTG-GMAIBPDM dentin bonding agent group than in DSDM dentin bonding agent group regardless of remoistur ization with benzal konium chloride solution. On the examination of failure mode, cohesive and mixed failure were predominantly seen in the group of bonding with NTG-GMAIBPDM dentin bonding agent, while adhesive failure was predominantly seen in the group of bonding with DSDM dentin bonding agent. On SEM examination of fractured surfaces, no differences of findings of primed dentin surface between the groups with and without remoisturization with benzal konium chloride solution. FT-IR spectroscopy taken from the control and the experimental group reve::.led that some higher absorbance derived from the primers binding to dentin surface was seen at the group pretreated with 0.1 % benzal konium chloride solution than at the control group of remoisturizing with water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1359-1367
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 실제 의복 관리와 생산 면에서 접할 수 있는 모 직물의 접착심과의 접착 후, 프레싱 처리 후, 드라이클리닝 및 프레스로 처리 후 직물의 형태안정성과 의복형성능의 변화를 살펴보았다. 겉감으로는 신사복 춘하용 모 100% 또는 모 혼방 직물 15종류를 사용하였으며 심지로는 신사복에 많이 쓰이는 3종류 심지를 사용하였다. FAST시스템과 KES시스템을 이용하여 직물의 접착 후, 프레싱 처리 후, 드라이크리닝과 프레싱 처리 후의 형태안정성과 의복형성능의 변화를 시험하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 모직물의 형태안정성에서 주요인자인 습윤팽창(HE)은 접착으로 크게 감소하였고 프레싱 처리와 드라이크리닝과 프레싱 처리 후는 접착 후보다 큰 변화를 보이지 않는다. 모직물의 습윤팽창(HE)의 조절시 접착심이 습윤팽창(HE)의 안정성에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 완화수축(RS)은 접착 후 조금 감소하였으나 큰 변화를 보이지 않고 프레싱 처리 후 현저한 감소를 보인다. 드라이크리닝과 프레싱 처리 후는 직물이 수축하고 볼륨감이 생김으로 완화수축(RS)은 더욱 감소하였다. 모직물의 완화수축(RS)의 조절시 프레싱이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 모직물의 의복형성능(TAV)은 접착으로 크게 향상되었다. 드라이크리닝과 프레싱 처리 후 직물이 좀더 부드러워지고 볼륨감이 생기면서 의복형성능(TAV)은 적게 향상됨을 보인다. 이와 같이 3가지 처리는 서로 보완되어 모직물의 형태안정성과 의복형성능을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.266-269
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• 1998

세 번수 단사로 제직된 모직물은 그 사용도가 높아지고 있으나 의복의 형태안정성이 문제되고 있다. 형태안정성 중에서 특히 공기중 수분의 흡수, 발산에 따른 수분율의 차이로 발생하는 습윤팽창은 시임 퍼커링, 의복의 뒤틀림, 의복 사이즈의 불량, 접착심지의 이탈등의 다양한 의복 외관상의 문제점을 야기시킬수 있다$^{1-4)}$ . 이러한 모직물의 습윤팽창은 직물의 길이와 두께를 변화시켜서 기공도에 영향을 미치고 나아가 의복의 쾌적감에도 영향을 미치게 된다.(중략)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.570-577
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• 1999

Intuitively, higher bond strengths should result in less leakage. However, the relationship between bond strengths and microleakage value is complex and not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tensile bond strengths and microleakage values in the same restorations to understand the behavior of resin bonding to tooth structure. One-hundred and twenty enamel or dentin specimens from freshly extracted bovine mandibular incisors were used. The specimen was treated with 32% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and rinsed for 20 seconds. the teeth were divided into four groups by means of wet bonding technique or dry bonding. One-Step$^{TM}$ adhesive were applied to the specimen. The specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 7 days, and tensile bond strength and microleakage were measured. The results were as follows: 1. Significant negative correlation was found between bond strengths and micro leakage values. Hence, higher bond strengths seem to be associated with lower microleakage, and vice versa (r=-0 50, p<0.05). 2. The Enamel/Wet group showed significantly higher bond strength than Enamel/Dry one, and Dentin/Wet group showed higher strength than Dentin/Dry one (p<0.05). 3. Microleakage was significantly less ill wet bonding than in dry one at dentin (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between wet and dry bonding at enamel (p>0.05).

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.104-109
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• 2016

Compare AC corona and DC corona treatment effects, polyester fabrics were AC corona treated with different current intensity (5, 10, 15 A) and feeding speed (5, 10, 15 m/min) as the same DC corona treatment conditions of the preceding research. We confirmed the surface change of polyester fabrics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and the change of physical properties through measuring the dry and wet bonding strength. The surface changes of polyester fabrics by treating in air atmosphere with AC corona discharge are shown similar tendency with DC corona discharge. Generally dry bonding strength were increased with increasing current intensity and feeding speed, but wet bonding strength were increased with increasing current intensity and decreasing feeding speed in both AC and DC corona treatment. When the current is 20 A, carbonization occurs in DC corona discharge but carbonization does not occur in DC corona discharge.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.630-636
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• 1994

The changes in adhesion interface between rubber compound and brass plated steel cord after various aging treatments were studied by using an Auger electron spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope. After thermal aging, partial oxidation and additional growth of adhesion layer were observed. The adhesion layer and brass were partially removed after humid aging. With dynamic aging the adhesion layer was destroyed and the corrosion of steel core was proceeded. The changes in adhesion interface were discussed in terms of the adhesion properties determined from the stress-strain experiments.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.16-23
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• 2007

Polyester fabrics and knits were corona treated with different current intensity (5, 10, 15, 20 A) and feeding speed (5, 10, 15 m/min). We confirmed the surface change of polyester fabrics and knits using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). And the change of physical properties through measuring the tensile strength, dry and wet bonding strength. Thermosetting reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive was used in the adhesion of polyester fabrics and knits. Functional groups were introduced on PET fabrics and knits surface by treating the PET fabrics and knits in air atmosphere with corona discharge, and take placed unevenness, the result adhesion was improved. When consider both dry and wet bonding strength, we think that appropriate conditions in the PET fabrics corona treatment are feeding speed 10 m/min, current intensity 15 A and appropriate conditions in the mesh type PET knits corona treatment are feeding speed 10 m/min, current intensity above 10 A.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

Deterioration of long-term dentin adhesion durability is thought to occur by hydrolytic degradation within hydrophilic domains of the adhesive and hybrid layers. This study investigated the hypothesis that priming the collagen network with an organic solvent displace water without collapse and thereby obtain good bond strength with an adhesive made of hydrophobic monomers and organic solvents. Three experimental adhesives were prepared by dissolving two hydrophobic monomers, bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), into acetone, ethanol or methanol. After an etching and rinsing procedure, the adhesives were applied onto either wet dentin surfaces (wet bonding) or dentin surfaces primed with the same solvent (solvent-primed bonding). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured at 48 hrs, 1 month and after 10,000 times of thermocycles. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regardless of bonding protocols, well-developed hybrid layers were observed at the bonded interface in most specimens. The highest mean MTBS was observed in the adhesive containing ethanol at 48 hrs. With solvent-primed bonding, increased MTBS tendencies were seen with thermo cycling in the adhesives containing ethanol or methanol. However, in the case of wet bonding, no increase in MTBS was observed with aging.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2010

Proteoglycan is highly hydrophilic and negatively charged which enable them attract the water. The objective of study was to investigate the effects of Proteoglycan on microtensile bond strength of dentin adhesives and on architecture of dentin collagen matrix of acid etched dentin by removing the chondroitin sulphate attached on Proteoglycan. A flat dentin surface in mid-coronal portion of tooth was prepared. After acid etching, half of the specimens were immersed in 0.1 U/mL chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) for 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$, while the other half were stored in distilled water. Specimens were bonded with the dentin adhesive using three different bonding techniques (wet, dry and re-wet) followed by microtensile bond strength test. SEM examination was done with debonded specimen, resin-dentin interface and acid-etched dentin surface with/without C-ABC treatment. For the subgroups using wet-bonding or dry-bonding technique, microtensile bond strength showed no significant difference after C-ABC treatment (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the subgroup using rewetting technique after air dry in the Single Bond 2 group demonstrated a significant decrease of microtensile bond strength after C-ABC treatment. Collagen architecture is loosely packed and some fibrils are aggregated together and relatively collapsed compared with normal acid-etched wet dentin after C-ABC treatment. Further studies are necessary for the contribution to the collagen architecture of noncollagenous protein under the various clinical situations and several dentin conditioners and are also needed about long-term effect on bond strength of dentin adhesive.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.26-33
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• 2006

Nylon fabrics were corona treated with different current intensity (5, 10, 15, 20 A) and feeding speed (5, 10, 15 m/min). We confirmed the change of nylon fabrics surface using X-ray diffraction apparatus, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (ESCALAB). And the change of physical properties through measuring the tensile strength, tear strength, bonding and wet bonding strength. Thermosetting reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive was used in the adhesion of nylon fabrics. Functional groups were introduced on nylon fabric surface by treating the fabrics in air atmosphere with corona discharge, and the result adhesion was improved. Bonding strength of the nylon fabric treated with corona was increased with increasing current intensity and decreasing feeding speed.