• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

The current AI technology has been developing rapidly enough to realize or even exceed the level of abilities that only humans had in the past. In the near future, it is predicted that humans and AI will influence each other as members of the metaverse society. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of empathy as a core competency for humans to pursue happiness while maintaining the dignity of humans in the era when AI and humans will coexist in the metaverse. In this study, 'Digital Human Empathy Index (DHEI)' is developed that reflects the social nature of computer-mediated communication in the metaverse As a result, DHEI consisted of a total of 7 factors, which are Perspective Taking, Self/Other Awareness, Contextual Understanding of Systemic Barriers, Impact Assessment, Solidarity, Being Peaceful, and Anthropomorphism. This study is expected to contribute to setting the direction of future education by suggesting a new measure of empathy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1739-1743
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• 2009

현재 국내에는 하천시설물의 인증과 관련한 제도와 법령이 마련되어 있지 않다. 하천시설물과 관련된 인증 제도는 효율적인 하천시설물의 유지관리를 가능하게 하고, 치수 안전성 증대에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구는 미국의 제방 인증(levee accreditation) 제도를 분석하여 국내에 적용하는 방안에 관한 것이다. 미국의 연방 재난 관리국(Federal Emergency Management Agency; FEMA)은 국가 홍수 보험 프로그램(National Flood Insurance Program; NFIP)을 관리하고 있는데, 그의 일환으로 제방 인증 제도를 시행하고 있다. 제방의 인증은 제내지를 보호하는 제방 시스템이 100년 빈도의 홍수에 대한 방어 능력이 있는지를 기술적으로 검토하는 것이다. 여기서 제방 시스템이란, 제방, 홍수벽, 수문 장치, 펌프시설, 암거, 내수 배제 시설 등 홍수로부터 제내지를 보호하기 위한 모든 시설을 포함한다. 미국은 제방 인증을 위한 제도로서 연방 규정 조례(code of federal regulation; CFR)를 두어 제방 시스템의 설계, 운영, 유지관리의 기준을 마련하였다. 제방 인증을 신청하는 기관은 연방 규정 조례에서 정의된 제방 시스템의 운영 및 유지관리에 관한 문서를 갖추어야하고, 공학적인 설계 기준에 대하여 면밀히 검토되어야 한다. 운영 및 유지관리에 관한 사항은 수문과 내수배제 시스템을 포함한 제방 시스템의 홍수 시 운영 지침과 운영실적, 유지보수 지침과 점검 보고서 등이다. 공학적인 설계 기준에 대한 검토사항은 제방의 여유고, 수문, 호안, 제방과 기초의 안정성, 침하, 내수배제에 관한 분석 결과이다. 이러한 제방의 인증에 필요한 기술적인 검토 자료와 관련 문서는 등록된 전문 기술자나 제방의 설계와 시공능력을 갖춘 연방 기관을 통해 보증(certification) 되어야 한다. 현재, 미국에서 제방의 보증을 결정하는 대표적인 기관은 미 공병단(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; USACE)이다. 제방 보증의 유효기간은 최대 10년이지만 검사와 평가가 지속되고, 유효 기간 만료 전이라도 언제든지 재검토될 수도 있다. 또한, 제방 시스템 전체에 대하여 보증 여부를 결정하고, 개별 시설에 대한 보증이나 조건부 보증은 수행하지 않는다. 국내에 제방 인증 제도를 도입하기 위해서는 제방 인증에 관한 절차, 수행 기관, 수행 방법 등에 대한 규정과 제도가 마련되어야 하고, 현재 국내에서 수행되고 있는 하천시설물의 안전도 검사 방법을 포함한 평가 지표와 평가 기술에 대한 인증 표준화가 요구된다.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2021

Due to the spread of COVID-19, it is rapidly changing from face-to-face to non-face-to-face work environments and is changing to a digital work environment that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, providing convenience to all lives. However, the number of breaches, personal information leakage, and technology leakage targeting SMEs that are vulnerable to security continues to increase. Accordingly, the government has been continuously promoting the information security consulting support project for SMEs every year since 2014. Therefore, this study intends to develop a performance model and measurement methodology for continuous and more systematic support and efficient management of information protection support projects in consideration of the importance of information security for SMEs. It is intended to be used as basic data when setting future operational directions and goals. The main method of this study is to derive performance models and indicators for SME information security support projects based on domestic literature, case studies, and survey results, utilize expert advice to verify the developed performance measurement indicators, and use pilot-test questionnaires. Conduct evaluation through surveys. Based on the verified indicators, we would like to present a performance model and measurement index for the information security support project for SMEs.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1293-1309
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• 2010

This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of community-based prehabilitation program developed to prevent functional decline in the frail elderly and to provide a basis to practically operate this program in the public health care service. From March to August 2009, 110 frail elderly people were recruited among the registered participants of the home visit program in Korea to perform a prospective randomized community trial. We randomly assigned these people into two groups. One group (n=50) participated in the visiting prehabilitation program for 3 months focusing on improving their muscle strength of upper and lower limbs, walking ability, and balancing. The other group (n=60) underwent our visiting fall prevention program for control. To assess the effectiveness of prehabilitation program, physical functioning (PF) and short physical performance battery (SPPB) were measured for the primary outcomes and also some other indicators: exercise performance, nutritional status, emotional functioning, experience of admission, and events of fall. As a result, significant improvements of geriatric functional status were noticed among the participants. After 3 months, PF increased by 1.3 ± 3.8 points in prehabilitation group and decreased by 1.1 ± 5.4 points in controls (p=.020). SPPB improved by 2.4 ± 2.0 points in prehabilitation group and increased only 0.3 ± 1.5 points in controls (p<.001). Significant effects were also shown in their exercise performance tests and emotional status, the number of multiple falls, and the experience of functional decline after the fall (p .002-.038). Visiting prehabilitation program is safe and effective program for frail older adults. Thus, it is strongly recommended to universally adopt this program to prevent functional decline in the frail elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2020

보령댐은 충남 서부지역 8개 시·군에 생활용수와 공업용수를 공급하고 있는 중요한 수원으로 최근 우리나라에서 발생한 연속적인 가뭄으로 2015년에는 저수율이 7.5 %까지 감소하여 제한급수가 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄으로 인한 물 공급 부족에 취약함을 보인 보령댐 유역(297.4 ㎢)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모델과 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오를 활용하여 극한 기후변화 사상이 반영된 보령댐의 내한능력을 평가하였다. SWAT 모형을 활용하여 보령댐의 물수지를 모의하기 위하여 보령댐의 실측 유출량, 저수량, 방류량으로 보령댐 유입량과 저수량을 보정(2002~2004) 및 검정(2005~2007)하였으며, 실측 저수량을 기반으로 미래 댐 운영을 모의하였다. 검·보정 결과, 댐 유입량과 저수량의 PBIAS(%)는 -0.04, -0.09, NSE(Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency)는 0.52, 0.96, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)는 1.80 mm/day, 0.67 × 10⁶㎥로 분석되어 신뢰성 있는 모의 결과를 보였다. 보정된 SWAT 모형으로 가뭄 사상이 반영된 기후변화를 모의하기 위하여 APCC의 26개 CMIP5 GCM 시나리오를 SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)와 연속 이론(Runs theory)으로 분석하여 6개의 극한 가뭄 시나리오 (RCP 4.5, 8.5 CMCC-CM, INM-CM4, IPSL-CM5A-MR)를 선정하였으며, 선정된 시나리오를 모형에 적용하여 가뭄 사상을 반영한 보령댐의 미래 내한능력을 평가하였다. 내한능력평가 및 분석 기간은 Historical(1980~1999; 1990s), Present(2000~2019; 2010s), 그리고 미래 기간 (2020~2039; 2030s, 2040~2059; 2050s, 2060~2079; 2070s, 2080~2099; 2090s)으로 나누었으며, 취약성(Reliability), 회복성(Resilience), 위험성(Vulnerability), 세 가지 지표로 내한능력 평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 미래 취약성은 2050s IPSL-CM5A-MR 시나리오에서 0.803까지 감소하였으며, 회복성과 위험성은 2070s IPSL-CM5A-MR 시나리오에서 0.003, 3,567.6 × 10⁶㎥까지 감소하였다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The groundwater dependent ecosystem associated with a natural stream is the area where mixing and exchange of surface water and groundwater occurs due to large chemical and hydraulic gradients. Surface-groundwater interactions play an important role in biogeochemical processes in groundwater dependent ecosystems and make this area a hydro-ecological hot spot. The objective of this study is to characterize the groundwater dependent ecosystem in a natural stream where nitrate contamination of stream water is observed by means of hydrogeological, chemical, and biological methods. In this study, vertical flow exchange(hyporheic flow) rates between stream and groundwater were estimated based on vertical hydraulic gradients measured at mini-piezometers of various depths. To investigate the biological natural attenuation potential, biological analyses using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-cloning methods were performed in this study. Results show that the veritical hyporheic water fluxes affect nitrate concentrations and bacterial densities in groundwater dependent ecosystems to some degree. Also, denitrifying bacteria were identified in hyporheic soils, which may support the biodegradation potential of the groundwater dependent ecosystems under certain conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.485-494
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of selected factors on confidence in nursing performance among new operating room nurses, with a focus on the mediating effect of learning flow. Data was collected from July to August 2019 using structured questionnaires. The participants were 250 new operating room nurses from university hospitals located in Incheon and Gyeonggi. The collected data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and AMOS 24.0. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the effect of the selected factors namely web-based video programs on confidence in nursing performance, and the mediating effect of learning flow. Results: The factors of 'hygiene & safety' and 'patient care' from the web-based video programs had a positive effect on the learning flow. The higher the learning flow of the nurses, the greater their confidence in nursing performance. Just the 'hygiene & safety' factor significantly increased nursing performance. Conclusion: The study results suggest that new nurses perceive that 'hygiene & safety' is an important factor in building their confidence in nursing performance, even without the learning flow. Therefore, it is necessary to develop web-based video programs based on nurses' needs and to emphasize the importance of postoperative care.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate regional differences in the development of speech production in Korean children. A total of 619 children aged 2 to 7 years from the Jeolla, Seoul/Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang areas were included in this study. The subjects were assessed with the UTAP2 word-level test. In PWC, PMLU, and PWP, the performance was significantly lower in Gyeongsang at 2 years 11 months and in Jeolla and Chungcheong at 3 years 5 months than in Seoul/Gyeonggi. The total PCC of Gyeongsang and Chungcheong and UTAP PCC of Chungcheong were significantly lower at 2 years 11 months compared with those of Seoul/Gyeonggi, while Jeolla and Chungcheong showed significantly lower total PCC and UTAP PCC than Seoul/Gyeonggi at 3 years 5 months. However, no regional difference was observed in any indicators after the age of 3 years 6 months. These results suggest that there are regional differences in the ability to produce speech sounds at a very young age, and that the differences can be explained by the differences between Seoul/Gyeonggi and the other provinces rather than by the individual characteristics of specific regions.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.223-232
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• 2023

The Work-Study parallel program has been promoted as a key policy to resolve the mismatch between industrial sites and school education and realize a competency-centered society, and as of December 2022, 16,664 companies participated in the training. Learning companies play a very important role as education and training supply organizations that conduct field training. In this study, for the evaluation of learning companies participating in work-study program, the authors derive important factors that determine the quality of on-site education and training by analyzing the cognitive structure of experts in charge of the company and present evaluation indicators for learning enterprises. Therefore, it is intended to lay the foundation for promoting the quality of work-study parallel program.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-74
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• 2007

This research purpose to improve the qualification items for electronic commerce manager. Former qualification system for the electronic commerce manager was executed 11 times from year 2000 to 2005. To improve the standard for test questions and contents of qualification items, we reviewed literatures about job analysis for electronic commerce manager, electronic commerce curriculum, e-Business market and other countries' similar qualification systems and items. We also analysed the job related knowledge, skill, and abilities using job analysis by DACUM method, subject matter experts interview and workshop committee for development and validation of qualification items. Based on the results of job analysis and DACUM workshop, we derived a job model for electronic commerce manager and then validated it through field survey and additional expert review. Finally we developed and suggested an alternated qualification items using matrix analysis between categorized job knowledge and job tasks.