• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2011

The mathematics curriculum revised in 2007 includes 'problem fabrication'. So it is necessary to analyse the texts how much they include problem fabrication. In mathematics, problem fabrication and problem solving interact and stimulate each other. Also the main purpose of problem fabrication is to improve the students' problem solving. There are 16 different texts of grade 7 algebra which contain problems concerning 'problem fabrication'. We count the number of such problems in each sections. Also we divide problem fabrication into five types. Then we count the number of problems in each type and its frequencies in a section.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2017

In order to improve mathematical problem-solving ability, there has been a need for research on practical application of meta-affect which is found to play an important role in problem-solving procedure. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the sociodynamical aspects of the meta-affective factor of the successful problem-solving procedure of small groups in the context of collaboration, which is known that it overcomes difficulties in research methods for meta-affect and activates positive meta-affect, and works effectively in actual problem-solving activities. For this purpose, meta-functional type of meta-affect and transact elements of collaboration were identified as the criterion for analysis. This study grasps the characteristics about sociodynamical function of meta-affect that results in successful problem solving by observing and analyzing the case of the transact structure associated with the meta-functional type of meta-affect appearing in actual episode unit of the collaborative mathematical problem-solving activity of elementary school students. The results of this study suggest that it provides practical implications for the implementation of teaching and learning methods of successful mathematical problem solving in the aspect of affective-sociodynamics.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2008

This paper investigate Descartes' , which is significant in the history of mathematics, from standpoint of problem-solving. Descartes has clarified the general principle of problem-solving. What is more important, he has found his own new method to solve confronting problem. It is said that those great achievements have exercised profound influence over following generation. Accordingly this article analyze Descartes' work focusing his method.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a math test for identification of the mathematically gifted on the basis of their math creative problem solving ability and to evaluate the goodness of the test. Especially, testing reliability and validity of scoring method on the basis of fluency only for evaluation of math creative problem solving ability was one of the main purposes. Ten closed math problems and 5 open math problems were developed requiring math thinking abilities such as intuitive insight, organization of information, inductive and deductive reasoning, generalization and application, and reflective thinking. The 10 closed math test items of Type I and the 5 open math test items of Type II were administered to 1,032 Grade 7 students who were recommended by their teachers as candidates for gifted education programs. Students' responses were scored by math teachers. Their responses were analyzed by BIGSTEPS and 1 parameter model of item analyses technique. The item analyses revealed that the problems were good in reliability, validity, item difficulty and item discriminating power even when creativity was scored based on the single criteria of fluency. This also confirmed that the open problems which are less-defined, less-structured and non-entrenched were good in measuring math creative problem solving ability of the candidates for math gifted education programs. In addition, it was found that the math creative problem solving tests discriminated applicants for the two different gifted educational institutions.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1015-1022
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• 2009

Generally, it is considered that analytical skills could not be easily taught and it requires quite a long training period. In this short essay, it was attempted to give four basic analytical skills useful for problem solving in mathematics.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.519-530
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• 2019

According to previous studies, meta-affect based on the interaction between cognitive and affective elements in mathematics learning activities maintains a close mechanical relationship with the learner's mathematical ability in a similar way to meta-cognition. In this study, in order to grasp these characteristics phenomenologically, small group problem-solving cases of 5th grade elementary mathematically gifted children were analyzed from a meta-affective perspective. As a result, the two types of problem-solving cases of mathematically gifted children were relatively frequent in the types of meta-affect in which cognitive element related to the cognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted children appeared first. Meta-affects were actively acted as the meta-function of evaluation and attitude types. In the case of successful problem-solving, it was largely biased by the meta-function of evaluation type. In the case of unsuccessful problem-solving, it was largely biased by the meta-function of the monitoring type. It could be seen that the cognitive and affective characteristics of mathematically gifted children appear in problem solving activities through meta-affective activities. In particular, it was found that the affective competence of the problem solver acted on problem-solving activities by meta-affect in the form of emotion or attitude. The meta-affecive characteristics of mathematically gifted children and their working principles will provide implications in terms of emotions and attitudes related to mathematics learning.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1997

Children should have opportunities to experience problem solving individually with strategies for developing their problem solving abilities. To make an instructional design for individual teaming, problem solving activities were classified into categories like individual activities, individual activities within a group, and team teaching. A flow of teaching and teaming process was designed before, and concrete and semi-concrete materials were used in an experimental teaching, which was analysed in this research.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.691-708
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• 2014

In general, the intuitive knowledge that can use in mathematics problem solving is one of the important knowledge to teachers as well as students. So, this study is aimed to analyze the elementary preservice teachers' intuitive knowledge in relation to intuitive and counter-intuitive problem solving. For this, I performed survey to use questionnaire consisting of problems that can solve in intuitive methods and cause the errors by counter-intuitive methods. 161 preservice teachers participated in this study. I got the conclusion as follows. preservice teachers' intuitive problem solving ability is very low. I special, many preservice teachers preferred algorithmic problem solving to intuitive problem solving. So, it's needed to try to improve preservice teachers' problem solving ability via ensuring both the quality and quantity of problem solving education during preservice training courses. Many preservice teachers showed errors with incomplete knowledges or intuitive judges in counter-intuitive problem solving process. For improving preservice teachers' intuitive problem solving ability, we have to develop the teacher education curriculum and materials for preservice teachers to go through intuitive mathematical problem solving. Add to this, we will strive to improve preservice teachers' interest about mathematics itself and value of mathematics.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.19 no.1 s.21
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

오늘날 제 7차 교육과정은 학습자의 사고과정과 능력을 다양한 평가방식으로 실시하도록 권유하고 있다. 이러한 목적을 구현하기 위하여 수학과 평가는 교수-학습에 유용한 평가, 과정 중심의 평가, 다양한 방법을 활용하는 평가가 되어야 할 것이다. 이는 학습자로 하여금 스스로 학습하도록 가정하는 인식론적 변화에 바탕을 둔 최근의 평가 동향과 맥을 같이 하고 있다. 평가에서 학생의 수학활동 역시 특히 인지적 영역의 다양성을 지닌 개인에 의하여 이루어지기 때문에 수학 평가는 단편적인 정형화된 지식이 아닌 문제 해결의 전략이나 발견술과 같은 요소에서 강조되고 있는 비정형의 문제들을 통한 메타인지적인 발달과정을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 학생이 준개방형 평가문제를 해결하는 과정을 통해 자신이 얼마나 알고 있는가를 인식하며 자신의 문제 해결 전략을 점검하고 평가하는 인지적 능력에서 일어나는 변화를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 지금 현재 연구가 진행 중이며 본 연구의 결과는 다음 논문집에 발표할 예정이다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.247-255
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• 1999

대부분의 수학 교사들은 국내외에서 개최되는 많은 학술 행사에 참여하기를 꺼려하고 있으며 수학 교육의 새로운 정보에 접촉하려는 의지가 부족한 실정이다. 이 때문에 세계의 수학 교육의 흐름이 어떤지, 우리 나라의 수학 교육과정이나 교수 ${\cdot}$ 학습법이 외국의 것과는 어떻게 다른지 또는 수준에 차이가 있다면 얼마나 차이가 있는지 별 관심을 갖지 않고 있으며 구태여 많은 노력을 들여 이러한 것을 알려고 하지도 않는다. 필자의 판단으로는 우리 나라의 수학 교육이 당면하고 있는 가장 큰 문제는 수학 교사들은 많으나 우수한 자질을 가진 수학 교사들이 많지 않기 때문에 창의성 교육이 제대로 이루어지지 않는 것과 학교 수학 교육에서 능력별 반 편성이 무엇보다도 필요한 줄 알면서도 수십년 동안 제대로 실행되지 않아 학생들의 수준에 맞도록 효율적으로 수학을 지도할 수 없는 것이라 생각한다. 이 두 문제는 모두 몇몇 수학 교사들의 의지와 노력만으로는 해결할 수 없는 문제들이다. 그러나 많은 교사들이 모여 이러한 문제점들을 공동으로 인식하고 함께 해결하기를 노력한다면 시일이 좀 걸리더라도 언젠가는 해결되리라고 믿는다. 장기적으로 수학 교사의 자질을 향상시키기 위해서는 교사 양성 기관(사범대학과 교육대학교)의 개선이 필요하며, 능력별 반 편성은 교육정책자들이나 교육행정가들이 마음만 먹으면 1${\sim}$2년내에 이룰 수 있다. 이제 전국수학교육연구대회와 같은 행사는 단순한 수학교육이론의 전달이나 현장연구에서 발견한 새로운 사실들만은 발표하는 곳이 아니라, 될 수 있는 데로 많은 수학 교육자들이 모여 수학 교육의 문제점을 찾고, 함께 풀어 나가기 위한 토론의 장(場)이 되어야한다. 또 필요에 따라서는 수학 교육에 관련한 어떤 결의도 하고 교육부 또는 각 교육청이나 교육연구기관에 보내는 건의문도 만들어야 할 것이다. 어떻든 이와 같이 전국 수학교육자들이 모일 때는 꼭 참여하여 우리의 문제를 적극적으로 해결하도록 힘을 합치는 것이 수학교육자의 올바른 태도라고 생각한다.