• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.141-143
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• 2006

한국을 비롯한 동양 금석학 정보 인식의 중요한 매체인 탁본을 디지털 영상데이터로 변환하여 영상 특성을 분석하고 수학적 모델을 구현한다. 이를 위해 역사적으로 유명한 대표적 탁본을 포함한 50여개의 탁본영상 샘플을 작위로 선택하였고, 샘플영상 속에 내재되어 있는 영역특성을 중심으로 통계분석을 시도하였다. 탁본 원영상은 흑백의 두 영역으로 분할되는 완벽한 이진영상인데 반하여, 관측영상은 탁본뜨기 수작업과정을 거치면서 영역간 색도의 혼재와 얼룩무늬와 문양이 전체 영상에 분포한다. 본래의 두 영역은 정보영역과 바탕영역으로 구분되나 이들 얼룩무늬들은 또 다른 영역들로 치부되어 주로 바탕영역에 산발적으로 분포되어 영상인식을 저해하는 요인으로 작용한다. 관측영상 속에 내재되어 있는 영역 본래의 특성과 본뜨기 수작업 과정에서 새로 생성되는 영역들 사이의 기하학적 차이를 통계적으로 분류 처리함으로 관측 탁본영상의 영역 특성의 추이를 추론할 수 있다. 분석 결과, 탁본영상은 영역간 극단적인 확률적 차이를 보였으며, 이 양극성은 곧 탁본 원영상의 속성이 수작업과 관측이라는 훼손 과정을 거치면서도 보존됨을 의미한다. 이를 근거로 영역 특성과 훼손 과정을 수학적으로 모델링하였고 정보영역 추출의 일차적 개연성을 제시하였다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-179
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• 2004

In this article, we classify the middleschool students' mathematical modeling activities with three types as following: perceptive activity, cognitive activity, and metacognitive activity. And we research model development process through the interaction of perceptive, cognitive, and metacognitive activities. We report three results of our case study as following: First, students understanded the context of the modeling tasks on the base of their own experience and constructed the tasks with perceptive activity operating tool. Second, students developed various models with reorganizing cognitive activity which think and reason about perceptive activity-based model. Third, students were able to create generalizable and reusable models through metacognitive activities. This study revealed that the possible contribution of modeling activity as following. Students are able to understand abstractive mathematical knowledge as connecting between realistic activity and abstractive activity.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.477-493
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• 2018

The six core competencies included in the mathematics curriculum Revised in 2015 are problem solving, reasoning, communication, attitude and practice, creativity and convergence, information processing. In particular, the creativity and convergence competency is very important for students' enhancing much higher mathematical thinking. Based on the creativity and convergence competency, this study selected the five elements of the creativity and convergence competency such as productive thinking element, creative thinking element, the element of solving problems in diverse ways, and mathematical connection element, non-mathematical connection element. And also this study selected the content(chapter) of the graph in the seventh grade mathematics textbook. By the subject of the ten kinds of textbook, this study examined how the five elements of the creativity and convergence competency were shown in each textbook.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze cases on teaching solutions exploration of Wythoff's game through using the analogy for the gifted elementary students, to suggest useful teaching methods. Students recognized structural similarity among problems on the basis of relevance of conditions of problems. The discovery of structural similarity improves the ability to solve problems. Although 2 groups-NIM game with surface similarity is not helpful in solving Wythoff's game, Queen's move game with structural similarity makes it easier for students to solve Wythoff's game. Useful teaching methods to find solutions of Wythoff's game through using the analogy are as follow. Encoding process helps students make sense of the game. It is significant to help students realize how many stones are remained and how the location of Queen can be expressed by the ordered pair. Inferring process helps students find a solution of 2 groups-NIM game and Queen's move game. It is necessary to find a winning strategy through reversely solving method. Mapping process helps students discover surface similarity and structural similarity through identifying commonalities between the two games. It is crucial to recognize the relationship among the two games based on the teaching in the Encoding process. Application process encourages students to find a solution of Wythoff's game. It is more important to find a solution by using the structural similarity of the Queen's move game rather than reversely solving method.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.747-764
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• 2017

Problems in mathematics textbooks are very important because there is a high reliance on textbooks in elementary school mathematics classes and there is a strong belief that mathematics is to find the solution to problems. Considering this importance, we analyzed problems in elementary mathematics textbooks quantitatively and qualitatively. Concretely, problems of addition and subtraction with carry on in the range of two digit numbers in the mathematics textbooks from the 1st to the 2015 national revised curriculum were analyzed. As a result, the problems in each textbook were found to reveal important features of the textbook reflecting changes in curriculum and educational background. And the problem of textbooks has changed in the direction of enhancing students' reasoning, communication, and problem solving ability. Based on these results, we suggested several implications for dealing with problems in elementary mathematics textbooks.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.773-791
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• 2016

Teacher noticing ability has been considered as one of important elements influencing a quality of teaching. Noticing is closely related to teachers' in the moment decision making in a class, and teachers notice things as they create and interact with their classroom setting. Mathematics teachers as an expert should notice students' mathematics learning during a class. The aim of this study was to analyze how mathematics teacher's pre-noticing activity that the teacher anticipated students' typical strategies and difficulties in learning targeted mathematics knowledge and prepared appropriate responses worked in practice. As a result, the teacher conducted three types of noticing in her classes: noticing shaping students' understanding by using students' misconceptions or errors; noticing creating students' learning opportunities based on their prior knowledge; noticing improving students' informal reasoning. This study concluded with discussion about the positive effect of teacher's pre-noticing activity on her actual noticing in practice, as well as implications for teacher education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2009

A GPS/INS system is widely used in the UGV to estimate position during the mission. However, there are few restrictions when a GPS/INS system used alone. For example, GPS provides precise location information but easily interrupted by external factors like weather, environment, etc. INS provides continuous location data but positioning errors grew very rapidly with time. Therefore, it is necessary to integrating multi-sensors for more continuous and correct position estimation. In this paper, we propose location estimation algorithm of the UGV for GPS/INS integrated system that combines Fuzzy Inference and Unscented Particle Filter(UPF) to improve navigation. Fuzzy inference provides the simplest method integrating GPS/INS and UPF is non-linear estimation filter well suited to the correction of errors. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested to compare with other algorithms. the results show that the proposed algorithm is more accuracy in position estimation and ensures continuous position tracking.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.453-473
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed the contents of speed concept presented in Korean, Japanese, Singapore, and American elementary mathematics textbooks, and drew implications for the teaching of speed concept in elementary schools. We developed a textbook analysis framework by theoretical discussions on the characteristics of the speed concept based on the proportional relationship and the previous researches on the speed in elementary mathematics. We analyzed the textbooks of four countries and drew some suggestions for improving the teaching of speed concept in Korean elementary schools.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-150
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• 2018

The structure of a mathematics task shapes the aspects of learning of those who solve the task. This study explores the process of understandings on the statistical variability of primary school students. Students were given two problems with different degrees of structuring - a well-structured problem (WSP) and an ill-structured problem (ISP) - and discussed in a group to solve each task. The highest level of development achieved in both cases appeared to be similar. However, when given the ISP, students dynamically proposed ideas and justified the conclusion based on their hypothesis. Furthermore, all students actively participated in solving the ISP until the end whereas some students were marginalized while solving the WSP. This discrepancy results from the difference in the degrees of task structuring.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.363-384
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• 2011

This study is based on the recognition that the school mathematics education should reinforce the heuristic and constructional aspects related with discoveries of mathematical rules and understanding of mathematical concepts from real world situations as well as the deductive and formal aspects emphasizing on mathematical contents precisely. The 11th grade students of one class from a city high school with average were chosen. They were given time to learn various functions of Excel in regular classes of "Information Society and Computer" subject. They don't have difficulty using cells, mathematical functions and statistical functions in spreadsheet. Experiment was performed for six weeks and there were two hours of classes in a week. Considering the results of this research, teaching materials using spreadsheets play an important role in helping students to experience probabilistic and statistical reasoning and construct mathematical thinking. This implies that teaching materials using spreadsheet provide students with an opportunity to interact with probabilistic and statistical situations by adopting engineering which can encourage students to observe and experience various aspects of real world in authentic situations.