• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-24
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국 일본 대만의 대미수출(對美輸出) 시장점유율(市場占有率) 경쟁양태(競爭樣態)를 분석하고 동경쟁(同競爭)에 있어서 각국 환율(換率)의 역할(役割)을 규명하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. AIDS 수요함수체계(需要函數體系)를 원용하고 거시자료(巨視資料)를 이용하여 이들 3국수출(國輸出)의 미국(美國) 시장점유율함수체계(市場占有率函數體系)를 추정 분석한 결과 한국과 일본, 대만과 일본간에는 각각 강한 대체관계(代替關係)가 존재하는 반면 한국과 대만간에는 높은 대체관계(代替關係)를 발견되지 않았다. 한편 그룹으로서의 한(韓) 일(日) 대만(臺灣)의 대미수출(對美輸出)은 여타국 대미수출(對美輸出)과는 높은 대체성을 보이는 반면 미국의 수입경쟁재(輸入競爭財)와는 거의 대체성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 미국 총지출(總支出)의 동(同)3국(國)으로부터의 수입점유율(輸入占有率)에 대한 소득효과(所得效果)가 강하게 나타났다. 연구결과(硏究結果)에 의하면 지금까지의 엔고(高)에 따라 대만이 한국에 비해 더 높은 시장점유율(市場占有率)의 증가(增加)를 시현한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 한국의 경우 일본과 대만의 경우와는 반대로 자국환율변동(自國換率變動)보다도 국내물가변동(國內物價變動)이 대미수출(對美輸出)에 더 큰 효과를 미쳤던 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국의 경우 원화(貨) 환율효과(換率效果)가 엔화(貨) 환율(換率)의 교차효과(交叉效果)에 의해 압도되고 있어 원화(貨) 및 엔화(貨)의 대(對)달러환율(換率)이 동일한 퍼센트로 절하(切下)(절상(切上))될 경우 3국(國)의 대미수출시장(對美輸出市場)에서의 한국의 점유율(占有率)은 오히려 감소(減少)(증가(增加))되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 미국의 원화(貨) 절상압력(切上壓力)은 한국과 일본의 대체관계(代替關係)로 인해, 그리고 한(韓) 일(日) 대만(臺灣)에 대한 환율절상압력(換率切上壓力)은 이들과 여타국간의 대체관계(代替關係)로 인해 미국의 총수입억제(總輸入抑制)에 도움이 되지 않을 것이며 오히려 미국의 총지출억제(總支出抑制)가 보다 효과적(效果的)인 수입축소방안(輸入縮小方案)인 것으로 나타났다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

Current status on consumption and packaging of sweet persimmons in USA was surveyed by visiting the market, and three sea shipments were conducted as model export trial from Korean to USA with measurement in ship container temperature and fruit quality. Strategy to promote the export of Korean persimmons was derived. There have been gradual decrease in the price of persimmons due to their increases production, but there seems potential growth in consumption of the fruits from Asian, Hispanic and American people. Compared to the fruits from other countries, Korean persimmons are desired to have higher soluble solid content with stronger red color, but too large sizes are not favored in American market. There has often been temperature fluctuation in shipment container during the sea transport to USA, resulting in surface blackening, skin black spotting and flesh softening. Plastic bag packages with inappropriate unitizing crimping were found to sometimes build up unproper modified atmosphere (high $O_2$ and low $CO_2$) giving high rate of physiological injury.

• The tire
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• s.106
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• pp.28-33
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• 1983

일본 자동차타이어 협회에서 지난 3월에 발표한 82년도 일본 자동차용 타이어의 생산ㆍ판매실적을 보면, 회원 7개사의 총생산 실적은 약 71만 4,000톤으로 전년비 7% 감소되었고, 판매도 72만 3,000톤으로 전년비 6% 감소되었다. 교환용타이어는 3년 연속, 신차용 타이어는 2년연속으로 각각 전년을 하회하고 있으며, 지금까지 확대일로에 있던 수출부문도 전년비 12% 감소로 대폭적으로 떨어졌다. 그러나 생산합리화의 추진으로 재고는 1개월 이내의 "적정수준"에 있다. 한편, Radial타이어의 생산비율은 TB용이 46%이고 , PC용이 77%로 거의 상한치에 달하고 있다.<편자주>

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.64-77
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• 2013

2012년은 인쇄산업에 있어서 어려운 한해였다. 국내뿐 아니라 지난해 하반기부터 점차 회복되리라는 기대를 꺾고, 회복세로 돌아서지 못하고 장기부진의 늪에 빠져 있기 때문이다. 이러한 경기침체는 인쇄물 무역규모 축소로 이어졌다. 2010년 7억 달러에 육박했던 인쇄물 무역규모는 지난해부터 점차 감소해 2012년에는 5억5천만 달러를 간신히 넘었다. 수출입 모두 감소했지만 수출 감소 폭이 더 컸다. 반면 매엽인쇄기 수입현황은 7500만 달러를 웃돌아 인쇄기에 대한 투자는 소폭 늘어난 것으로 조사됐다. 이는 경기침체 악순환의 고리를 끊기 위해서는 '신기술 도입'이라는 정공법이 필요함을 다시 한 번 되새기게 한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.181-201
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• 2016

In this study, transaction cost approach was applied to analysis on direct export determinants of SMEs by using key attributes of transactions, asset specificity, environmental uncertainty, frequency and marketing capability, with a parameter of opportunism. Typical Transaction Cost Analysis theory explains that when transaction cost with business channels(whether it is for buy or sell) increase, the firms integrate the channels. So it is a choice made by firms regarding direct versus indirect channels. The theory was extended to a model of choice of institutional form of direct or indirect export by a norm of opportunism in this empirical study. The survey result showed that lower level of asset specificity and marketing capability or higher level of environmental uncertainty were likely to expose indirect exporters to higher level of opportunism of direct exporter. And we also saw that indirect exporters were likely to choose direct export chanel when opportunism of exporters was higher. From the standpoint of theory, we can say that the basic propositions of the Transaction Cost Analysis, except the attribute of frequency, are supported. This study result could provide a profiling of target business areas and firms for government's policy on direct export promotion of SMEs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.409-433
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• 2014

In this paper, I estimate long-run elasticities of US real GDP and real exchange rate between Korean Won and US Dollar on export of Korean goods to US and analyze changes in their trend by using VECM and rolling regression with a fixed window. For the purposes I use the year data from 1990 to 2013 which are selected from UNCTAD, Korea Trade Association(KTA), and Bank of Korea(BOK). The results are that the long-run elasticities of US real GDP vary from 2.849 to 2.938 for the period from 1990 to 2013 depending on the models in VECM and all of them are significant statistically. The elasticities of real exchange rate between Korean WON and US Dollar vary from 0.962 to 0.967 for the same period depending on the models in VECM and all of them are significant statistically. In case of the results through the OLS and the rolling regression, the long-run elasticities of US. real GDP are 3.015 for Basic Model, 2.949 for the modified Model 1, and 2.125 for the modified Model 2 for the period from 1990 to 2013 depending on the models and all of them are significant statistically. The average of long-run elasticities of real US GDP before the global financial crisis of 2008 is greater than that after the global financial crisis of 2008. On the other hand, the long-run elasticities of real exchange rate between Korean WON and US $ are 0.347 for Basic Model, 0.566 for the modified Model 1, and -0.217 for the modified Model 2 for the same period and all of them are significant statistically except for the modified Model 2. The average of long-run elasticities of real exchange rate before the global financial crisis of 2008 is greater than that after the global financial crisis of 2008.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2002

In this research, we targeted to see if there was difference of shelf$.$lives of two different species cucumber. We pickled domestic and exporting cucumber to make comparison while they were fermented and stored. As for the domestic cucumber we choose CHICHEONG and for the exporting cucumber we choose special BAEKSEONG and SHARP 1. We blanched them and soaked them into hot saline water for 8 hours. Two kinds of Cucumber Kimchi were at room temperature for first day and 5'c from 2nd to 28th day. It was found, from the results, that all of samples of pH reached at 3.5 $\pm$ 0.1 on the 14th day of fermentation. The titratable acidity of the control increased on 14th day of fermentation, which was bit late than change of others. The reducing sugar contents of the control did not decrease until 7th day of fermentation while reducing sugar contents of others decreased gradually from the beginning. The patterns of Microfloral changes of two kinds of Cucumber Kimchi were similar during fermentation period. The number of total cell increased up to 14th day, similary the numbers of lactic acid bacteria increased up to 14th day then barely decreased. The hardness of the control was bit higher than others when it was measured on 14th day of fermentation. The sensory evaluation of Cucumber Kimchi with different species showed that both species had siginificant high negative scores in green color and crispness when those were compared between fermentation time and samples.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-30
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• 2012

In the development process, small and medium-sized enterprises in China have shown their unique features and regularities which are closely related to China's national condition and economic characteristics. But in 2008, because of the global financial crisis which started in the USA, the rate of Chinese export and the rate of economic growth has evidently slowed. Due to shortage of funds, foreign orders fell, increase the value of RMB, lack of talented factors, Chinese SMEs are facing bankruptcy. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of domestic and international market environment, the government assistance for entering overseas market, entrepreneur characteristics, etc. on the global performance. Based on these, a research model and some hypotheses were set up and tested by the multiple regression analysis with total 317 effective survey data. The results of this paper are as follows. First, a positive effect relation on the financial performance was shown for the companies with high domestic and international market environment in the aspect of market environment. According to such analysis result, it was found that the market environment in which SMEs belong to is a very important factor. Second, in the aspect of government export assistance related to overseas, market development showed a positive effect relation on the both financial and non-financial performance. However, the direct financial assistance showed a positive effect relation only on the non-financial performance. Overall, it was found that the government assistance program on entering overseas market is having significant effects on SMEs, but direct financial assistance have not achieved the desired results. Third, the innovative-ness and progressiveness of entrepreneur showed a positive effect relation on the global market performance. However, the risk-taking of entrepreneur only showed a negative effect relation on the non-financial performance. Overall, it was found that the entrepreneurship of SMEs is an important and influential factor. This is a result implying that the propensity of taking too much risk is not desirable based on the uncertainty of the global environment market. To sum up, this study confirmed that the market environment, the government assistance and entrepreneur characteristics, which are the major prerequisites of global performance, have effects on global performance.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-369
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• 2014

This paper aims to analyze the change of dominion in Russian automotive market and Korea port to export cars to the Russia. First, we provide the current market structure and growth potentials of Russian automotive industry by using literature reviews and data survey. Next, we analyze the current situation to export cars through the Korean seaports using the BCG (Boston Consulting Group)'s matrix method. The analysis shows that the Russian car market has growth potential. The result of expectation of Russian major car export's port within 3~5 years since the year 2013 shows that the Pohang Port will maintain current market share because it has higher market share and growth potential. On the contrary, the Guangyang Port, Busan Port, and Ulsan Port will lose the market share because of the low growth potential. Also, the Incheon Port will become the cash cow market because it has more than 10 percent market share and higher growth potential. To increase the car export volume of ports to Russian market, this paper proposes that we should provide a differentiated service to Russian port based on the analysis of domestic or foreign car export logistics structure and flow. For further study, EA-based framework should be applied for efficient and effective policies.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.21-47
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• 2017

This study examines the effects of technological capability and domestic marketing capability of SMEs on the export market orientation, focusing on the moderating effect of market turbulence. This empirical analysis, based on surveys collected from 206 small and medium-sized firms located in Gwangju and Jeonnam provinces, yielded the following conclusions. First, technological capability of SMEs has a positive impact on export market orientation. This result not only is consistent with preceding studies but also suggests that when technological capability of SMEs is utilized as their own unique asset to reduce liability of smallness or liability of foreignness, the tendency to export might be increased. Second, domestic marketing capability of SMEs has a positive impact on export market orientation. This result suggests that as the domestic marketing capability of SMEs is used as prior knowledge reducing uncertainty to enter the overseas markets, the tendency to export might be increased. Third, as a result of examining moderating effect of market turbulence, it shows that market turbulence moderates the relationship between domestic marketing capability and export market orientation toward a negative(-) direction. That is, since market turbulence might weaken the relationship between domestic marketing capability and export market orientation, SMEs which belong to the industry considering marketing capability important need to develop strategy with consideration for market turbulence. This study provides theoretical and practical implications in that it reveals factors positively affecting export market orientation and market turbulence can be utilized as a moderator.