• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수렴도

Search Result 4,122, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Effects of Pupils' Learning Styles in Project-based Elementary Mathematics Instruction (프로젝트 기반 초등 수학교육의 학습양식 효과분석)

  • Lee, Myung-Geun;Oh, Eu-Gene
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
    • /
    • 2011.06a
    • /
    • pp.261-264
    • /
    • 2011
  • 이 연구에서는 프로젝트 기반 초등수학교육에서 학업성취도와 수학적 태도에 대한 학습양식의 효과를 분석하였다. 이 연구는 프로젝트 기반 초등수학교육이 어떤 양식의 학습자에게 학업성취도와 수학적 태도 신장에 더 효과적인지 검증하여, 학습자 중심교육 환경 설계에 시사점을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 104명의 초등학생을 대상으로 Kolb의 자기보고식 검사지를 사용하여 분산자, 융합자, 수렴자, 적응자 학습양식으로 분류하고, 4주간 12차시에 걸쳐 프로젝트 기반 수학교육을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 학습양식이 학업성취도와 수학적 태도 향상에 효과를 나타내었다. 프로젝트 기반 초등수학교육은 수렴자 학습양식의 학업성취도 향상에 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 수학적 태도의 세부요인에서는 수렴자 학습양식의 자신감, 목적의식 신장과 융합자 학습양식의 흥미신장에 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

  • PDF

Psychometric properties of an instrument 3: convergent, discriminant, known-groups, and criterion validity (측정도구의 심리계량적 속성 3: 수렴, 판별, 집합 및 준거타당도)

  • Lee, Eun-Hyun
    • Women's Health Nursing
    • /
    • v.27 no.3
    • /
    • pp.176-179
    • /
    • 2021
  • Before evaluating convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity, it is suggested to design an instrument that reflects hypothetical relationships or differences with other comparator instruments or groups. For criterion validity, a gold-standard instrument measuring the same construct should be carefully selected.

Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms for Converging Global Optimal Solution (전역 최적해 수렴을 위한 다목적 최적화 진화알고리즘)

  • Jang, Su-Hyun;Yoon, Byung-Joo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
    • /
    • 2004.05a
    • /
    • pp.401-404
    • /
    • 2004
  • 진화 알고리즘은 여러 개의 상충하는 목적을 갖는 다목적 최적화 문제를 해결하기에 적합한 방법이다. 특히, 파레토 지배관계에 기초하여 개체의 적합도를 평가하는 파레토 기반 진화알고리즘들은 그 성능에 있어서 우수한 평가를 받고 있다. 최근의 파레토 기반 진화알고리즘들은 전체 파레토 프론트에 균일하게 분포하는 해집합의 생성을 위해 개체들의 밀도를 개체의 적합도를 평가하기 위한 하나의 요소로 사용하고 있다. 그러나 밀도의 역할은 전체 진화과정에서 중요한 요소가 되기보다는 파레토 프론트에 어느 정도 수렴된 후, 개체의 균일 분포를 만들기 위해 사용된다. 본 논문에서 우리는 파레토 지배 순위와 밀도에 대한 적응적가중치를 이용한 다목적 최적화 진화알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 진화 개체의 적합도를 평가하기위해 파레토 순위와 밀도에 대한 적응적 가중치를 적용하여 전체 진화과정에서 파레토 순위와 밀도가 전체 진화 개체집합의 상태를 고려하여 영향을 미치도록 하였다. 제안한 방법을 많은 지역해들을 포함하는 ZDT4문제에 적용한 결과 비교적 우수한 수렴 결과를 보였다.

  • PDF

Exploring the Creativity of the Scientific Gifted from Analyzing Descriptive Experiment-Design (서술적 실험 설계분석을 통한 과학 영재 창의성 탐색)

  • Kim, Se-Mi;Cho, Mi-Young;Kim, Sung-Won
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
    • /
    • v.32 no.1
    • /
    • pp.129-145
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study investigated factors of creativity and interaction between factors that are revealed when gifted students designed scientific experiments. For this, we firstly developed items which required the written process of designing experiments to explore creativity factors. Then, we used these items as a part for letters of self-introduction to students who applied for 2011 correspondence education of general physics for the Korea Physics Olympiad. 513th letters of self-introduction which were analyzed to investigate factors of creativity in view of creativity definition after researchers' consultation, which specifically means a combination of divergent and convergent thinking. The results were as follows; (1) in the step of hypothesis building, we could not only find Originality and the Flexibility & Fluency, which were factors of divergent thinking, but also Coherency and Elaborateness, which were factors of convergent thinking. (2) in the step of the hypothesis testing, we could explore Originality, Flexibility & Fluency in divergent thinking and Coherency, Reliability, Clarity, Elaborateness in convergent thinking. (3) we also figured out three creativity types of gifted students from the viewpoint that creativity is a consequence of interaction between divergent thinking and convergent thinking; a) Type A showed divergent and convergent factors of creativity in the step of hypothesis building. However, type A did not include divergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing. b) Type B had divergent and convergent factors of creativity on the process of the hypothesis testing, but it had not convergent factors of creativity on the step of hypothesis building. c) Finally, in Type C, only divergent factors of creativity appeared on the process of the hypothesis testing, but convergent factors of creativity could be found on the step of hypothesis building and hypothesis testing.

Convergence Analysis of the Least Mean Fourth Adaptive Algorithm (최소평균사승 적응알고리즘의 수렴특성 분석)

  • Cho, Sung-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Jung;Lee, Jong-Won
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.14 no.1E
    • /
    • pp.56-64
    • /
    • 1995
  • The least mean fourth (LMF) adaptive algorithm is a stochastic gradient method that minimizes the error in the mean fourth sense. Despite its potential advantages, the algorithm is much less popular than the conventional least mean square (LMS) algorithm in practice. This seems partly because the analysis of the LMF algorithm is much more difficult than that of the LMS algorithm, and thus not much still has been known about the algorithm. In this paper, we explore the statistical convergence behavior of the LMF algorithm when the input to the adaptive filter is zero-mean, wide-sense stationary, and Gaussian. Under a system idenrification mode, a set of nonlinear evolution equations that characterizes the mean and mean-squared behavior of the algorithm is derived. A condition for the conbergence is then found, and it turns out that the conbergence of the LMF algorithm strongly depends on the choice of initial conditions. Performances of the LMF algorithm are compared with those of the LMS algorithm. It is observed that the mean convergence of the LMF algorithm is much faster than that of the LMS algorithm when the two algorithms are designed to achieve the same steady-state mean-squared estimation error.

  • PDF

Development and Applications of Mathematical Proof Learning-Teaching Methods: the Generative-Convergent Model (증명학습에서 생성-수렴 수업 모형의 개발과 적용)

  • 이종희;김부미
    • School Mathematics
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.59-90
    • /
    • 2004
  • This study has been established with two purposes. The first one is to development the learning-teaching model for enhancing students' creative proof capacities in the domain of demonstrative geometry as subject content. The second one is to aim at experimentally testing its effectiveness. First, we develop the learning-teaching model for enhancing students' proof capacities. This model is named the generative-convergent model based instruction. It consists of the following components: warming-up activities, generative activities, convergent activities, reflective discussion, other high quality resources etc. Second, to investigate the effects of the generative-convergent model based instruction, 160 8th-grade students are selected and are assigned to experimental and control groups. We focused that the generative-convergent model based instruction would be more effective than the traditional teaching method for improving middle school students' proof-writing capacities and error remediation. In conclusion, the generative-convergent model based instruction would be useful for improving middle grade students' proof-writing capacities. We suggest the following: first, it is required to refine the generative-convergent model for enhancing proof-problem solving capacities; second, it is also required to develop teaching materials in the generative-convergent model based instruction.

  • PDF

A Non-Uniform Convergence Tolerance Scheme for Enhancing the Branch-and-Bound Method (비균일 수렴허용오차 방법을 이용한 분지한계법 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Sang-Jin;Chen, Xi;Choi, Gyung-Hyun;Choi, Dong-Hoon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
    • /
    • v.36 no.4
    • /
    • pp.361-371
    • /
    • 2012
  • In order to improve the efficiency of the branch-and-bound method for mixed-discrete nonlinear programming, a nonuniform convergence tolerance scheme is proposed for the continuous subproblem optimizations. The suggested scheme assigns the convergence tolerances for each continuous subproblem optimization according to the maximum constraint violation obtained from the first iteration of each subproblem optimization in order to reduce the total number of function evaluations needed to reach the discrete optimal solution. The proposed tolerance scheme is integrated with five branching order options. The comparative performance test results using the ten combinations of the five branching orders and two convergence tolerance schemes show that the suggested non-uniform convergence tolerance scheme is obviously superior to the uniform one. The results also show that the branching order option using the minimum clearance difference method performed best among the five branching order options. Therefore, we recommend using the "minimum clearance difference method" for branching and the "non-uniform convergence tolerance scheme" for solving discrete optimization problems.

Establishment of Optimum Photo Condition for the Accurate Monitoring of Cultural Assets and Ground Facilities using Terrestrial Photographs (문화재와 지상시설물의 정밀점검을 위한 지상사진의 최적촬영조건 설정)

  • 손덕재
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
    • /
    • v.12 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-13
    • /
    • 1994
  • The terrestrial phetogrammetry has the relative convenience of selecting the site of photo station in contrast with the aerial photogrammetry, and the flexibility in accuracy prediction of object point positioning. So it has the advantage in designing optimum photo taking system which can fulfill the required accuracy. For the convergent photos which are frequently used for the monitoring of cultural assets and ground facilities, almost all of the traditional studies for the optimum photo condition, both in theoretical or experimental, are basically depend on the symmetrical configuration at the normal direction to the center of the object. However, in many cases the surroundings of the object do not allow the normal photo direction or sufficient convergent angle, even more the object features are not always be seen as one panel like planar. In this paper, the accuracy variation of convergent photos for the multi-planar objects, which are composed by some orthogonal planes, are investigated to establish the optimum photo condition. The results of the accuracy analysis for the photo direction, convergent angle, as well as the object feature are expected to be utilized in system design of geometric configuration of convergent photos, which are adequate for the accurate monitoring of the objects, such as culural assets, facilities, precision instruments, deformation surveying, etc.

  • PDF

확률의 상관 빈도이론과 포퍼

  • Song, Ha-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Logic
    • /
    • v.8 no.1
    • /
    • pp.23-46
    • /
    • 2005
  • The purpose of the paper Is to discuss and estimate early Popper's theory of probability, which is presented in his book, The Logic of of Scientific Discovery. For this, Von Mises' frequency theory shall be discussed in detail, which is regarded as the most systematic and sophisticated frequency theory among others. Von Mises developed his theory to response to various critical questions such as how finite and empirical collectives can be represented in terms of infinite and mathematical collectives, and how the axiom of randomness can be mathematically formulated. But his theory still has another difficulty, which is concerned with the inconsistency between the axiom of convergence and the axiom of randomness. Defending the objective theory of probability, Popper tries to present his own frequency theory, solving the difficulty. He suggests that the axiom of convergence be given up and that the axiom of randomness be modified to solve Von Mises' problem. That is, Popper introduces the notion of ordinal selection and neighborhood selection to modify the axiom of randomness. He then shows that Bernoulli's theorem is derived from the modified axiom. Consequently, it can be said that Popper solves the problem of inconsistency which is regarded as crucial to Von Mises' theory. However, Popper's suggestion has not drawn much attention. I think it is because his theory seems anti-intuitive in the sense that it gives up the axiom of convergence which is the basis of the frequency theory So for more persuasive frequency theory, it is necessary to formulate the axiom of randomness to be consistent with the axiom of convergence.

  • PDF

Speed Identification and Control of Induction Motor drives using Neural Network with Kalman Filter Approach (칼만필터 신경회로망을 이용한 유도전동기의 속도 추정과 제어)

  • 김윤호;최원범;국윤상
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
    • /
    • v.4 no.2
    • /
    • pp.184-191
    • /
    • 1999
  • 일반적으로 시스템 인식과 제어를 위해 이용하는 다층망 신경회로망은 기존의 역전파알고리즘을 이용한다. 그러나 결선강도에 대한 오차의 기울기를 구하는 방법이기 때문에 국부적 최소점에 빠지기 쉽고, 수렴속도가 매우 늦으며 초기결선강도 값들이나 학습계수에 민감하게 반응한다. 이와 같은 단점을 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서는 칼만필터링 기법을 도입하여 수렴속도를 빠르게 하고 초기 결선강도의 영향을 받지 않도록 개선하였으며, 유도전동기의 속도추정과 제어에 적용하여 좋은 결과를 보였다.

  • PDF