• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.378-384
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• 2008

Many embedded systems are supporting Java as their software platform via Java virtual machine. Java virtual machine manages memory automatically by providing automatic memory management, i.e. garbage collector. Because only scarce memory is available to embedded system, Java virtual machine should use small memory and manage it efficiently. This paper introduces two memory management techniques to exploit small memory in Java virtual machine which can execute multiple Java applications concurrently. First, compaction based garbage collection is introduced to overcome external fragmentation problem in presence of immovable memory area. Then garbage collector driven class unloading is introduced to reduce memory use of unnecessary loaded classes. We implemented these techniques in working embedded system and observed that they are very efficient, since more Java applications are able to be executed concurrently and memory use is also reduced with these techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.219-227
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• 2016

As the largest source of food waste is housing, and the food waste properties are good enough to recycle, the proactive approach to conventional food waste disposal is highly regarded. This research is to examine food waste management in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and non-SMA and to analyze the public inclination to disseminate zero-food waste system (ZFWS) with fermentation and extinction technology in multifamily housing estates. The self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The main findings are summarized as follows: food waste in multifamily housing estates were retrieved by refuse truck and largely recycled for compost and forage. Also, many local governments were in favor of ZFWS, and unwilling to invest in it due to financial constraint. It's found that logistics of ZFWS is likely to be influenced by important features such as a considerable amount of cost saving, effective energy recovery, and efficient operation/management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.937-945
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• 2016

Recently, Rural tourism in China is developing rapidly, however, the rural tourism remains unsatisfactory due to ignoring the landscape aspect which is considered as an integral part for rural tourism. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effect of the landscape elements on vitalization of rural tourism by evaluation of the landscape elements. To this end, we made a questionnaire survery concerning importance and satisfaction of landscape elements through factor analysis, and clamp IPA analysis. As the result, 1) Regional product, safety facilities and public parking lots are the primary considerations as primary factor. 2)Traffic facilities and accommodation should reflect regional characteristics; Garbage collection facility, food and beverage facilities, network and electricity facility should be rectified and maintained; Regaining the original nature characteristics of river and lake, Securing the integrity of the visual appreciation by shelter landscape for Sewage Purification. Our study results may provide a basic reference for the development and management of rural tourism attractions in China.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1163-1177
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• 2010

This study was conducted to establish the appropriate facilities criteria of the Korean welfare devices center. We e-mail surveyed 194 welfare devices centers and analysed 13 blueprints of them. We established the following proper principles of facilities. First, consist type and area of room should depend on the type of welfare devices centers. Second, The flow of human and welfare devices should be simple. Third, the area calculated on the base of intent of center owner and the size of beds, wheelchairs, etc. Fourth, exhibit room facing with roadside may obtain advertising effect. Fifth, the storage and disinfecting room should use different entrance, and avoid the intersection of flow to prevent cross-contamination. Sixth, the access road to the exhibition and consulting room should be able to approach by the wheelchair. seventh, office room should be invisible to keep customer's privacy. Direct Cleaning-disinfecting type center on the premise that the maximum 165m², middle 150m², intermediate 140m², display at least Consultation, Cleaning-disinfecting room, storage (clean, contaminated), the office, equipped with a parking space. Entrust Cleaning-disinfecting type center on the premise that a maximum 134m², middle 119m², intermediate 109m² exhibited minimal activity room, consultation room, office, equipped with a parking space, collecting welfare when importing equipment warehouse (clean, pollution) have been proposed to equip up to.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2018

The present study examined the various strength and deformation performances of molding materials recycled using film packaging wastes to ascertain the their applicability to secondary products in construction industries. The stress-strain relationships of molding materials were measured under compression, tension, and flexure in accordance with the ASTM procedure. The measured mechanical properties of recycled molding materials were comparable to typical ranges observed in low-density polyethylene and/or high-density polyethylene. However, to stabilize the properties of the molding materials, further management systems are required as follows: 1) evaluation of mechanical properties of materials with respect to various mixing proportions of waste ingredients; 2) estimation of the effect of foreign substance and moisture contents on the mechanical properties; and 3) establishment of comprehensive database including various sources such as manufacture process including applied pressure to produce the molding materials, and collection region and time of wastes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the typical composition of food waste from municipal solid wastes (MSW) and unit food waste generation rates from different sources in the model cities and to study the food waste management system from unit household to composting facilities. The annual average food waste composition of MSW was determined as 49% in Taejon and 52% in Chungnam Province, respectively. No big difference in food waste composition was found among the different sources. Since the paper waste generally occupied the half of food waste, over 75% of MSW was found to be compostable or biodegradable. Per capita food waste generation rate, 200~250g/capita day was determined by the direct measurement from 32 households, while 380g/capita day for Chungnam Province and 400 g/capita day for Taejon were estimated by the load count analysis In the sanitary landfills. This difference means people contribute generating food waste at outside house approximately twice as much as that at inside house. Per capita food waste generation rates from several sources were determined as follows; 166~215g/capita day at municipalities, 400g/visitor day at a first class hotel, 170g/student day at a university restaurant. Food waste generation from restaurant was strongly dependant upon it's level or quality; 670g/capita day at the high level restaurant, 190g/capita day at the middle class and 60 g/capita day at the lower class restaurant. The food waste reduction rate in a In situ fermentor showed 30~40g/kg day.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

Formaldehyde and phenol used in the production of melamine-wares may be intended to come into foodstuffs. So this study investigated the migration of formaldehyde and phenol from 222 articles Articles were cups(14), bowls(75), plates(85), spoons(10), chopsticks(4), food trays(8), rice paddles(4), spatulas(9) and scoops(12). The food stimulants were 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, distilled water and n-heptane. Korea regulation (Standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and package) specifies migration limits for formaldehyde and phenol in food stimulants. Formaldehyde and phenol are restricted by 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L respectively. In all cases the migration of formaldehyde and phenol were below the limit set in Korea regulation. The level of formaldehyde and phenol migrated to food simulants were in the range of N.D~2.949 mg/L, N.D~0.078 mg/L respectively. These migration results of formaldehyde and phenol will provide a scientific basis for the safety management of melamine-wares.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.353-363
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• 2016

In this study, traditional treatment scenario of food wastes that collected and transported food waste is recycled in large treatment facilities and suggested treatment scenario of onsite zero discharge system that food waste is treated in housing complex were supposed. The scenarios were compared and analyzed by capital expenditure, oil consumption, $CO_2$ emission quantity, operating expenditure and management expenses. The capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity of small scale dispersion dealing method is the lowest compared to traditional treatment method. As a results, it is possible to obtain the effect that operating expenditure was reduced by 91% and management expenses was reduced by 40% with suggested treatment method. The treatment method that have low capital expenditure is tend to lower oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity. The small scale dispersion dealing method have the lowest capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity and the linked method with sewage treatment have the highest expenditure and $CO_2$ emission quantity. Eventually, the optimal model of onsite zero discharge system in housing complex is small scale dispersion dealing method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an application of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag to food wastes disposal system of Cheongju city. The existing system of Cheongju city is monthly fixed amount levy system. The weak point of this system must pay a same commission in spite of each other different food wastes quantity. Also the accurate occurrence quantity of the food wastes and present condition grasp of control are impossible. It will not be able to reflect to a policy decision because does not manage the control of the food waste efficiently. On the other hand, when a food wastes measuring system using RFID is executed tag, it will manage and analyze automatically the obtained data. And collecting, transporting and handling of the food wastes come to be very easy. Also the reproduction and embezzlement of the tag are impossible. As a result of this system, it brings the decrement of the food waste. Therefore the economic effect could be come true and the food wastes is controlled environment-friendly. The food wastes disposal system using RFID tag will be able to contribute in u-city constructions with RFID/USN technology which pursues from the government.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.609-617
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear index of toothbrush and related factors in the university students. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 573 university students from March 16 to April 10, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, wear index, and wear rate of the toothbrush. The wear index of 46.9 percent was above 0.400, and the average wear index was $0.403{\pm}0.20$. Overall, the wear index of the toothbrushes was high. 2. As a result of measuring the wear rate of the toothbrushes, the wear rate of 70.4 percent stood at 1 and 2. The average wear rate stood at $1.620{\pm}0.74$. Overall, the wear rate of the toothbrushes was high. 3. As for wear index and wear rate by gender, the wear index and wear rate of the toothbrushes used by the male students were larger than those of the toothbrushes used by the female students. The wear index and wear rate were significantly higher when the toothbrush replacement period was longer. Given the findings of the study, efficient oral health education on the right toothbrush management should be provided for college students to manage their toothbrushes properly.