• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1974

The anthers of late uninucleate microspore or early binucleate microspore stage of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (economic tree) were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium suppliment with Keinetin, 2,4-D, and NAA for inducing haploid plants. The results are as follows; 1. Callus were induced from both anther locule and anther wall, where that from anther locule was identified as haploid. 2. Among 2,000 anthers cultured, fourteen haploid callus were developed. These haploid callus were clearly identified to be originated from the microspore in anther locule. 3. Diploid callus were induced only 0.5 percent from the callus of endothelium of anther wall, septium of two neighboring anther locule, parenchyma tissues of connectives and or anther locules. 4. In the anther locule of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cultured in medium, swollen microspores, polynucleate microspores, multicellurar pollen grains, or callus mass was frequently observed. And the haploids were seemed to be caused by the callus originated from the reduced microspore.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 1976

Anthers of cultivated Paeonia albiflora were cultured on media supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators. Although the number of anthers with emerged calluses were very few, in the sectioned anthers were found many multinucleate, 2-celled, or multicellular microspores, the one-celled multinucleate microspores being most abundant in number, and the multicellular ones the least. In 2-celled or 3-celled microspores two kinds were observed: one is ordinary one with single nucleus in each cell, and the other is multinucleate one. Majority of the 2-celled microspores was found to be of equational-division irrespective of whether they were multinucleate micropores or ordinary nonmultinucleate ones.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.420-428
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• 2015

The majority of cultivated varieties of grape have perfect flowers that are clustered in an individual inflorescence. Grape flower has a single pistil, five stamens, a protective flower cap (calyptra), and a calyx. After fertilization, an individual flower develops into a single berry. Although there are a number of reported studies focusing on berry formation, berry enlargement, and sugar accumulation in grape, the morphological studies of flower, including gametophyte morphogenesis and structural change in floral organs, have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated the flower structure and development characteristics of grape using microscopy and defined the floral development stages 9 to 13 based on microspore or male gametophyte development stage from tetrad to mature pollen. We used seeded diploid table grapes 'Campbell Early' (Vitis labruscana) and 'Tamnara' (V. spp.) as plant materials. At floral development stage 9, pollen mother cells develop to tetrads. During floral development stages 10 to 11, unicellular microspore develop to mid bicellular pollen. At the end of floral stage 12, male gametophyte develops to mature tricelluar pollen. In floral stage 13, the flower cap falls off and flower bud opens. During floral development stages 9 to 12, there were no major changes in calyx length, whereas the length of the flower cap continuously increased. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.5 at floral stages 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The flower cap-to-calyx length ratio was consistent in the two grape cultivars, suggesting that the ratio is a morphological character representing floral development stage. This study provides a reference for determining floral development stage of the two grape cultivars. It will be useful for the determination of optimum time for microspore culture needed to generate doubled haploid lines and appropriate gibberellic acid treatment needed to induce parthenocarpic fruit development in 'Tamnara' grape.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of proton ion and gamma-ray irradiation on microspore culture of the flower buds of $M_2$ generation in winter type of Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera. The seeds of three rape varieties, 'Halla', 'Naehan' and 'Tammi' were pretreated with proton ion and gamma-ray 400 Gy and 600 Gy, respectively. When microspore culture techniques were used, embryogenesis was increased in some varieties by proton ion and gamma-ray irradiation treated flower buds of $M_2$ generation than control. In genotypes 'Naehan' showed the highest embryo production frequency, but 'Tammi' showed lowest embryo production frequency. Some of the embryoids developed directly into plantlets, whereas others developed abnormally multilobe. Plants were regenerated and successfully acclimatized in pots.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.237-241
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out comparison with haploid plants productivity by microspore culture among domestic cultivars of Brassica napus L. Isolated microspore from flower buds were cultured on NLN medium supplemented with 13% sucrose, $0.05mg/{\ell}$ BA and $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA. Genotype was important factor in haploid embryo productivity 'Tamlayuchae' showed the highest haploid embryo production frequency (176 embryos formed from 1 flower bud). But, 'Hallayuchae' and 'Youngsanyuchae' were not generated embryo even cell division. When suspension culture on NLN liquid medium at 100 rpm, embryos were developed multilobe abnormal embryo cluster. Multilobe abnormal embryos on MS medium basal solid medium were regenerated multiple shoots. Regenerated haploid plant with well developed shoots and roots on MS basal medium were successfully transferred to pots.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.138-140
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• 1999

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of cold pretreatment, dark condition, and Ficoll on the callus formation and organ differentiation in anther culture of carnation for the purpose of settling the techniques of anther culture of 'Rony' carnation. Diameter of flower buds containing anthers with microspores before or after uniuncleated stage was between 4 and 6 mm. A high percentage of callus formation and responding anthers were achieved by low temperature pretreatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Callus formation was promoted under dark condition. Roots were differentiated from calli formed under darkness. Ficoll didn't promote callus formation but promoted differentiation of shoots and roots.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2008

In order to investigate shape of synaptic vesicles of the tooth pulp afferent boutons and their presynaptic endings (p-endings), and the neuroactive substance of the p-endings in the trigeminal nucleus principalis, rat incisor tooth pulp afferents were labeled by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and quantitative ultrastructural analysis and postembedding immunogold labeling were performed. Labeled tooth pulp afferent boutons contained clear, spherical synaptic vesicles (diameter: $45{\sim}55\;nm$) and occasionally dense core vesicles(diameter: $80{\sim}120\;nm$). They formed symmetrical synapses with unlabeled axon terminals (p-endings) containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The ratio of short to long diameter (form factor) of synaptic vesicles of pulp afferent boutons was 0.6 to 0.99, whereas that of p-endings was 0.25 to 0.99. In addition, most of the p-endings showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. These results indicate that the shape of synaptic vesicles is quite different between the tooth pulp afferent boutons and p-endings, and the p-endings may contain GABA as a neuroactive substance in the trigeminal nucleus principalis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.771-777
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• 2022

Dopaminergic (DA) cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to multiple, distinct genetic and environmental factors. In rare familial PD loss of parkin function mutations play a key role in nigral DA neuron-specific pathogenesis primarily via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In more prevalent sporadic PD, environmental exposure to pesticides has a significant epidemiological role. However, it is largely unknown how environmental exposure to xenobiotics is etiologically linked with the known etiology in familial PD. In the present study biochemical evidence for a common pathogenic mechanism between sporadic and familial PD has been identified employing the recently characterized mesencephalic DA cell line, N27-A. Dieldrin, an organochlorine pesticide epidemiologically implicated in sporadic PD, induced the markers of ER stress response such as a chaperone BiP/Grp78, heme oxygenase-1 and especially, parkin. Accordingly, dieldrin activated the ER resident Caspase-12, a mediator of ER stress-specific apoptosis, during cell death of N27-A cells. Of great interest the dieldrin-induced DA neuronal cell death was synergistically rescued by the overexpression of ER resident neuroprotective proteins, parkin and Bcl-2. The present findings implicate that accumulation of ER stress could be one of common pathogenic mechanisms in idiopathic and familial PD, and some ER proteins, such as parkin and Bcl-2 may effectively attenuate ER stress-mediated N27-A DA cell death.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.1103-1106
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• 2002

현재, 컨베이어 벨트시스템에 소포를 직재하고, 우편번호를 운영자가 입력하여 구분한다. 구분된 소포 중에서 기록관리 대상의 경우에는 바코드를 판독하여 처리하고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 2m/sec 이내로 이송되는 소포를 라인 CCD(Charged Coupled Device) 카메라에 의해 이미지 획득한 후, 바코드 ROI 추출 방법을 위해 $32{\times}32$ 미세블룩 검사 방법을 적용하였다. ROI 추출 절차는 최대-최소 차이값과 동적 인계값 기준으로 바탕면 제거, 문자열과 바코드 영역을 판단하기 위한 대각선(diagonal) 검사방법 적용, 바코드 영역인지 검증하기 위해 수평으로 5 라인을 검사하고 에지의 수와 폭의 변화량 비교 등의 과정으로 수행하였다. 그리고 바코드 ROI 추출은 레이블링 과정에 의해 바코드 영역의 보정과 그룹크기 비교에 의한 ROI 영역의 구체화와 정보 해석을 위하여 ROI 외곽좌표 8개중에서 가장 간 중심축 라인으로 생성하는 방법 등을 적용하였다. ROI 추출과 중심축 시험결과에 의하면 $50{\sim}180msec$이내에 가능하게 되었다. 그리고, ROI 추출의 정확도는 99.994% 이상을 만족한다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2000

The effect of three antifoam agents: PPG(polypropylene glycol), PEG(polyethylene glycol) and CA-110(aquous emulsion with 16% silicon oil component), was examined on the lincomycin production during cultivation of S. lincolnensis. Both PEG and PPG were effective in foam depressing during the flask cultures. As a result, the lincomycin production was enhanced upto about 400 mg/L in a optimized medium (OP-1) containing PEG or PPG. In contrast, the effect of antifoam agents in flasks was not remarkable for the various initial concentrations ranging from 0.5 g/L to 5 g/L with the basic medium(UP-1). But the lincomycin production in small fermentor showed the great different results in comparison with that in flasks under the same conditions. The lincomycin productions in small fermentor were 325 mg/L and 130 mg/L respectively for the following initial PPG concentrations, 0.5 g/L and 1 g/L.