• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.401-422
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• 2011

The present study investigated the mediating effects of parents' social networks on the relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and parent involvement. Parent involvement in the current study was composed of home-based and school-based involvement. Home-based involvement includes providing learning environment at home, guiding child's study habits, and providing educational and financial support. School-based involvement includes supporting child's school-related activities, participating at parent meetings and volunteering, and home-school communication. The subjects were 132 single mothers and 164 mothers from two-parent families, whose children are fifth and sixth graders in Seoul and Incheon. Structural Equational Modeling was used for the analysis by adopting SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results showed that single mothers and mothers from two-parent families differ in their structural models. For mothers from two-parent families, socioeconomic status was directly related to home-based and school-based involvement. In contrast, single mother's socioeconomic status only influenced home-based and school-based involvement indirectly through the functional aspects of mother's social networks. The results suggest that parent counseling and parent education programs might be more effective if they encouraged single mothers to exchange resources through their social networks in order to promote parent involvement in elementary schools.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.429-453
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• 2023

Due to recent demographic changes, employees from diverse generations now work together in organizations. Thus, there is a need for research on intergenerational cooperation. However, the lack of valid and reliable measures to capture intergenerational climate in the workplace is an obstacle to research. Therefore, we translated the Workplace Intergenerational Climate Scale(WICS) into Korean and validated it with a sample of 1,052 Korean full-time employees. Firstly, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis by using sample 1(N = 460) and revealed a five-factor solution. Secondly, the confirmatory factor analysis(sample 2; N = 592) showed a good model fit of the correlated five-factor model. Thirdly, the scale's discriminant and convergent validity was supported by negative correlations with four types of existing ageism scales and by positive correlations with trust, organizational commitment, work engagement, psychological safety, intention to remain, job satisfaction, and communication satisfaction. Moreover, it further demonstrated significant incremental validity in predicting positive outcome variables even when controlling for pre-existing agism scales. Lastly, we confirmed strict measurement invariance of the scale between the age groups(below 40 versus above 40). The findings support the reliability and validity of the Korean version of WICS among Korean employees. The scale will be broadly applied to measure intergenerational climate of organizations and provide practical implications for HR management.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The drastically changing society has brought diverse types of families, and these diversities are changing the concept of the word 'family' itself. Inevitably, these changes cause different viewpoints among family members, developing into conflicts and social issues. In this paper, generational family problems, which are caused by changes within the family as a result of the variously, diversely changing society, are observed to suggest a resolution. Looking into the functional variety that today's structural change within a family demands, several positives changes described below have been observed; Firstly, the change in the way of interaction among family members; Secondly, the demand for continuance on relational functions including love, care, etc, as a psychological resource of family; Thirdly, the conversion from form's sake relationship to actual relationship; and Lastly, the usage of a clearer communications network. The interaction between the parent-children relationship, according to the changes in family life cycle, is also re-focused to seek resolutions for intergenerational conflicts. The results are as follows; Firstly, the changeability of various family types today must be accepted, and the functional aspects of changing families must be emphasized ; Secondly, the mutual-exchanging value of each generation must be accepted, strengthening relational functions between generations; Thirdly, it is necessary to refocus filial piety. In other words, though the intergenerational transmission of family functions may become the basis of lineage and clan formation, it won't be possible without interaction between generation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.579-591
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• 2024

Recently, church organizations are experiencing various problems, including a sharp decline in the number of members. This study focused on the problem of lack of communication, that is, organizational silence, which is commonly pointed out in previous studies as a problem of church organizations, and empirically analyzed the relationship between organizational silence, organizational cynicism, and organizational commitment within church organizations. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 210 members of churches and related organizations from May to June 2023, of which 202 copies were used as analysis data. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to perform frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and bootstrapping to verify mediation effects. As a result of the study, organizational silence had a negative effect on organizational cynicism, and organizational cynicism had a negative effect on organizational commitment. Although organizational silence did not have a direct negative effect on organizational commitment, it was found to have a negative effect mediated by organizational cynicism. This study expanded the scope of the study by applying variables from organizational theory to church organizations, and presented practical implications through the research results to church organizations.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.201-219
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• 2012

The estuaries bank of Nakdong River, Korea, was constructed in 1987 and many arguments have been under discussion on the subject of ecological impact on ecosystem during 20 years. In this context, however, it was not focused on the role of fish-way and the way of improvement to promote fish movement to complete its life history. This paper was the result of investigation on fish fauna of upper and lower part of the bank and the analysis of comparison of the fishes with those using fish-way which were installed in each side of bank as ladder type and fish gate. The authors discussed the importance of fish gate and its management base on the result. The number of fishes collected in this study for upper part of estuaries bank was 31 species, among them 71% was the pure freshwater residents indicating the characteristics of the area as a freshwater ecosystem. It was observed that 9 species of coastal fishes were found in this region including Coilia ectens and Neosalanx sp. which is anadromous to spawn. Excluding 6 freshwater fishes, 30 fish species collected in lower part of estuaries bank were coastal fishes indicating that former brackish ecosystem was changed into marine one. The freshwater fishes found in this region were restricted the appearance only in the season of discharging freshwater into the sea. The number of fishes found in fish-way was 39 species, more than that of river and coast. But only 19 species founded in fish ladder was comparable with the result of investigation on fish gate including 32 species. It was considered that the fish gate has more important role as a fish passage from the fact that only it allowed to movement of numerous number of fry of Neosalanx sp. and Engraulis japonicus. These results indicates that two-way movement system is more efficient than downward only one in estuaries bank for fish migration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2018

Sustainability science is an emerging transdisciplinary research which necessitates not only the communication and collaboration of scientists, practitioners and stakeholders from different disciplines and interests, but also the paradigm shift from deterministic and reductionist approaches to the old basic. Ecological-societal systems (ESS) are co-evolving complex systems having many interacting parts (or agents) whose random interactions at local scale give rise to spontaneous emerging order at global scale (i.e., self-organization). Here, the flows of energy, matter and information between the systems and their surroundings play a key role. We introduce a conceptual framework for such continually morphing dynamical systems, i.e. self-organizing hierarchical open systems (SOHOs). To understand the structure and functionality of SOHOs, we revisit the two fundamental laws of physics. Re-interpretation of these principles helps understand the destiny and better path toward sustainability, and how to reconcile ecosystem integrity with societal vision and value. We then integrate the so-called visioneering (V) framework with that of SOHOs as feedback/feedforward loops so that 'a nudged self-organization' may guide systems' agents to work together toward sustainable ESS. Finally, example is given with newly endorsed Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Lab (i.e., 'Rural systems visioneering') by Future Earth, which is now underway in rural villages in Tanzania.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.91-104
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• 2005

In the past, the design education focused on the technique and skill to satisfy the production and consumption activities of a corporation based on beauty and practicality in the industrial age. Now, it's time to switchover to a life-quality enhancing education by harmonizing and meeting the public's physical and mental needs because design education is a character education which enhances the quality of life by uplifting people's aesthetic sense. This paper has emphasized on the importance of public education of design through the theoretical investigation on social environmental changes caused by the emergence of information society,,education problems, public education, and the necessity of design education. The reason why this study should be done has been suggested by investigating the necessity of this research and bringing up the issue. Furthermore, the current status and problems of public education on design have been analyzed. Then, based on the result, the development direction of design education has been suggested. This study can be concluded as follows: First, the design education should change from its vertical structure to a horizontal one. It should be widely spread to the public, getting off from its privatization for a certain group. Second, designers and the public should correct their way of thinking about design. The ordinary people as well as the designers should cultivate their capability to find and take care of design related issues in their everyday lives. Third, all people should be the subject of design education for the public. As a part of cultural education on the public's aesthetic sense, design education should be reborn as a field of study in which a sound public culture can be developed by the integration of human life and culture, exceeding the limit of school curriculum.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.169-199
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• 2013

In various directions of cartoon, vertical stroll direction is opposite to the page direction of existing published cartoon with the popularity of webtoon and established new genre. Lots of studies on published cartoon focus on the cut direction by page, but webtoon doesn't have any concept of page. The pivot of cartoon oriented people is changed from paper to computer monitor as times go by, characteristics of media are changed and media is gradually diversified. Like the strengthening of mobile caused by smart phone's popularity, tablet PC's propagation in public education, etc. cartoon is included to the environment of media which is rapidly changed. In this situation, one of cartoon's unchanged important identities can be the direction made by harmony between picture and text. This thesis analyzed symbolic characteristics and effective value of hyogwatae, mimetic words of cartoon, focusing on works of Heo, Young Man. Hyogwatae just delivers not only sound but also shape, feeling, status, etc. and has significant characteristics by invoking the imaginary structure of literature. Strengths of modern Korean, various linguistic expressions and syllabic systems, let people feel minute feeling of language and difference of emotion and remember the memory through the direct and indirect experiences, so it makes it nuance. Because of the characteristics, representative works of Heo, Young Man have commercialization and writer characteristics, have communicated with people for a long time and have plentiful knowledge of Korean cartoon. The characteristics of hyogwatae in Heo, Young Man's cartoon make a lot of effects for the expression and delivery of cartoon more than the general expectation. When conducting the study focusing on the symbolic process of language, uncertainty and vague standard of judgement caused by the wide factors of study on the direction of general cartoon could be endured. And, through the Heo, Young Man's deep analysis on hyogwatae's direction, readers enjoy the process while inferring actually and intellectually between pictures and sentences. In the process, the equipment stimulating imagination more than pictures, effects and dialogues is hyogwatae. It's reader's equipment of active participation and its strength is symbolic structure.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.62
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• pp.35-63
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• 2020

As the frequency and intensity of catastrophic disasters increase, there is widespread public sentiment that government capacity for disaster response and recovery is fundamentally limited, and that the involvement of civil society and the private sector is ever more vital. That is, in order to strengthen national disaster response capacity, governments need to build disaster systems that are more participatory and function through the channels of civil society, rather than continuing themselves to bear sole responsibility for these "wicked problems." With the advancement of smart mobile technology and social media, government and society as a whole have been called upon to apply these new information and communication technologies to address the current shortcomings of government-led disaster management. As illustrated in such catastrophic disasters as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan, the 2010 Haitian earthquake, and Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, the realization of participatory potential of smart technologies for better disaster response has enabled citizen participation via new smart technologies during disasters and resulted in positive impact on the management of such disasters. In this context, this study focuses on the South Korean context, and aims to analyze Korean government officials' readiness for public participation using smart technologies. On this basis, it aims to offer policy suggestions aimed at promoting smart technology-enabled citizen participation. For this purpose, it proposes a particular model, termed SMART (System, Motivation, Ability, Response, and Technology).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.872-881
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• 2002

Student questioning is included in the priority of science literacy, to enable students to solve problems by exploring questions, communicating and constructing knowledge(AAAS, 1989). Also, the essence of student questioning in science lies in its function as a link between thinking and learning. But educators did not pay much attention to students' questioning in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science question enhancement instruction on students' science questioning level and achievement. Also, this study showed the effects of other variables(logical thinking, science achievement, interest, and gender) on students' science questioning level. The pretest-posttest control group design group design was used. The sample was consisted of 80 second grade middle school students in experimental group(Science question enhancement instruction) and 74 students in control group(Traditional learning). Students in both groups were received identical content instruction on the unit 'Structures and functions of plant'. These groups were treated for 15 hours during 6 weeks. Students' questions were rated using the four levels described by the Middle School Students' Science Question Rating Scale(r= .96,)(Cuccio-Schirripa & Steinner, 2000). Science achievement data were collected using a 17 item multiple choice test(Cronbach ${\alpha}$= .84). To investigate students' logical thinking ability, a abridged GALT(Cronbach ${\alpha}$= .69) was used. Five-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the results. The results indicated that students who received instruction on researchable questioning outperformed those students who were not instructed on high-order questioning(p< .01). Results of correlations indicated that instruction(r= .640), science achievement(r= .311) and logical thinking ability(r= .212) was significantly and positively related with students' questioning level. But, interest and gender did not show any significant correlation with students' questioning level. Science question enhancement instruction was more effective on science achievement than the traditional instruction(p< .01).