• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.1 s.22
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

In the quality control of the aerosol skincare products containing powders, it is essential to guarantee that the contents in the bottle can be completely used without leakage or clogging of the nozzle. In this paper, the clogging caused by powder was investigated and the clogging can be effectively removed by emulsifying the contents containing powder with the LPG using a proper surfactant. And the spraying test shows that the contents in the bottle are completely propelled to outside by LPG when properly emulsified by POE(40) HCO.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.657-679
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the experience and nature of emotional care for elderly parent living alone for middle-aged adult who formed initial insecure attachment with his or her parent. To this end, 12 middle-aged people aged 45 to 60 (3 males and 9 females) were recruited as subjects of the study, interviewed in-depth, and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 60 constitutive meanings, 18 themes, and 4 thematic groups were derived for the experience of middle-aged adult who experienced insecure attachment to his or her parent and caring for the emotional needs of elderly parent living alone. Thematic groups included "negative experiences that caused emotional exhaustion," "emotional driving force in emotional care," "the role of helper in parental care," and "economic and physical content in emotional care". This study is meaningful in that it revealed the phenomenon of experiences of emotional care for parent living alone by middle-aged adult who had an initial unstable attachment with his or her parent to understand them and contributed to the provision of counseling data.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand family members' experience of deciding to withdraw life-sustaining treatments for terminally-ill patients in an unconscious state. Methods: Data were collected by performing an in-depth interview with eight terminally-ill patients' family members who decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatments. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Results: Questions were classified into 12 groups and finally into five categories. The five categories were about family members' frustration with patient's condition, emotional preparation for the patient's death upon medical professionals' recommendation, patient's wishes, exhaustion due to caring and past experiences related to life-sustaining treatment. Conclusion: Using the five categories, hospice and palliative professionals could better understand family members' decision making experience of withdrawing life-sustaining treatments for terminally-ill patients. Based on that, the family members could be provided with appropriate counseling and care, which in turn could improve hospice and palliative care intervention.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.441-481
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• 2022

This study attempted to explore the experience related to the work-family balance of working moms during the COVID-19 period. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted by recruiting 17 part-time and full-time working moms with at least 1 child under the age of 13. As a result of analyzing the data using the method of grounded theory, 106 concepts, 50 subcategories, and 24 categories were derived. The central phenomenon that working moms experienced in the process of work and family balance were "physical and emotional exhaustion", "anxiety and guilt about not doing well in situations of role conflicts between various roles", "job crisis experienced by working mothers" and "deepening family conflicts". The process of working moms overcoming the central phenomenon and achieving work-family balance was identified as five stages: the 'shock and confusion stage', the 'struggling stage', the 'actively coping and making compromise stages', the 'acceptance stage', and the 'post-traumatic growth stage'. Based on these results, discussions on the work-family balance of working mothers during the COVID-19 period was dealt as well as suggestions for follow-up studies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.273-305
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the essence of the self-care experiences of middle-aged one-person households considering their individual circumstances and situational context. In this study, 10 middle-aged people in one-person households were interviewed. The interview data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis. In result, middle-aged one-person households considered self-care as 'means to protect themselves', 'preparation for their single life in late adulthood', and 'behavior to feel gratitude and happiness in the present.' Their motives for self-care were 'being aware of their physical aging and possibility of illnesse', 'feeling threatened about their safety', 'sensing that their daily livings may be at a risk', 'absence of a caregiven person who can take care of them', 'maintaining of their psychological health', 'being burned out from busy working schedules', and 'to lessen their own and their family's worries and anxiety.' Their specific ways of self-care were 'physical health care', 'private activities for emotional care', and 'meeting people.' Consequently, the self-care of middle-aged people had a positive impact on their work and relationships, lessened their sense of isolation, and brought comfort to their lives. Based on the results of the study, this study proposed the implications, limitations, and suggestions for further research.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 1998

This study investigated the separation and the property of palladium precipitate formed by ascorbic acid in a simulated radioactive liquid waste, which was composed of 10 elements((Pd, Ru, Rh, Nd, Cs, Sr, Fe, Ni, Zr, Mo). Pd was separated selectively by using reduction characteristics of metal ions contained in the simulated waste with ascorbic acid. When the nitric acid concentration was 0.5 M, the Pd over 99.5% was precipitated by adding 0.04 M ascorbic acid. Nitric acid concentration is important at the reduction reaction of Pd ion. The precipitation yield of Pd was decreased as the concentration of nitric acid was increased. The Pd precipitate was re-dissolved in reaching at an equilibrium when the concentration of nitric acid was high and ascorbic acid was added with a small amount. The Pd precipitate formed by ascorbic acid was Pd metal and was aggregated by particles less than $1.0{\mu}m$.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.227-252
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• 2015

This study conducted in-depth interviews of seven parents with autistic adults and analyzed them using qualitative case study methods in order to understand overall meaning of care experiences of parents with autistic adult children. Thus, four key topics which are 'experience of embracement', 'experience of anticipation', 'experience of despair', 'experience of resistance' were constructed. Under these key topics, 12 subcategories which are 'accepting reality', 'positive experience', 'gradual improvement', 'desire to provide better quality of life', 'expectation towards the society', 'strenuous lives', 'psychological exhaustion', 'predicted anxiety', 'defensive attitude', 'distrust of social welfare', 'confronting injustice', 'active behaviors' were constructed. According to the analysis, care experiences of parents with autistic adults are not segmentary, but they are intertwined which make them more dynamic. Thus, easing their despair, empowering positiveness to them, and assisting them to have healthy resistant voice are needed to support the parents with autistic adults. Based on the analysis, we suggest an intervention plan to support autistic adults and their parents.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2000

Obesity is the risk factor of atherosclerosis and not only increases triglyceride concentration in blood but also decreases relatively the ratio of TG to HDL-Cholesterol in blood. In case of obesity, systolic blood pressure is also increased in responding the increase of TG in blood. Index of obesity in red ginseng-taking group (ginseng group) was lower as compared with non-red ginseng-taking group (control group). The TG concentration, the ratio of triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol in blood and systolic blood pressure were decreased in the subjects of ginseng group compared with that in control group. It is inferred that long-term intake of ginseng products may help to prevent the risk of atherosclerosis and obesity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 1999

We developed three-wavelength solar bank which is a very important part of the solar simulator with the commercial mercury lamps and projected halogen lamps. This was developed to satisfy simultaneously following three points: the ${\pm}10%$ uniformity of irradiance of the target area and irradiance in the each wave region and $1120W/m^2$ maximum irradiance of the solar in the summer. We used spectral radiance to determine the standard of the spectral irradiance and developed the perfect three-wavelength solar bank,considering of directionality, irradiance distance, interval both lamps, lamps combination and lamp numbers based on the measured spectral irradiance. To proof the capability of the three wavelength solar bank, We carefully analyzed color differences and heat transfer. As a result, we found that three wavelength solar bank was much better than commercial infrared lamp bank in terms of the color differences, heat transfer phenomena.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1989

The Quality characteristics of pH, ginsenosides, fatty acid, phenolic compounds were studied for their changes during growth of Candia parapsilosis. The yeast growth not only scarcely affected the total amount of saponins and ginsenosidvs of recd ginseng tail root extract, but also was not affected by the saponin C. pnrapsilosis did not utilize the ginsenosides as a carbon source. Glucose, fructose and free sugars were utilized in the initial phase of growth, whereas sucrose and maltose were used as the growth continued and completely redured after 43 hours of incubation. Unsaturated fatty acids were significantly reduced with cell growth, showing a relationship between unsaturated fatty acid content and the yeast growth, whereas the amount of saturate[1 tatty acids in red ginseng extract was not affected by the yeast growth. Generally, there were no changes in major organic acids and phenolic compounds (vanillie acid , m-coumaric acid) except the 50% reduction in maltol and ferulic acid in the ginseng extract. The amounts of amlno acids were gradually decreased, but that of arginine was remarkably reduced.