• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-166
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical literacy in elementary school students when they beginning inference. Picto-graphs provide statistical information and often data-related arguments they certainly qualify as objects for interpretation, for critical evaluation, and for discussion or communication of the conclusions presented. For research, the inference from pictograph task was designed and statistical literacy standards for evaluating the student's level was presented based on prior studies. Evaluating student's statistical literacy is meaningful in that it can check their current level. To know the student's current level can help them achieve a higher level of performance. The outcomes of this research indicate that pictograph can provide a basis for rich tasks displaying not only student's counting skills but also their appreciation of variation and uncertainty in prediction. Raising statistical thinking by students is an important goal in statistical education, and the experience of informal statistical reasoning can help with formal statistical reasoning that will be learned later. Therefore, the task about the inference from a pictograph, discussions on statistical learning of elementary school children are expected to present meaningful implications for statistical education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.510-519
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of maker education on the scientific attitude and energy literacy of elementary school students. The subjects of this study were 23 6th grade students, 13 male students and 10 female students, in a B Metropolitan city elementary school. Students' scientific attitude and energy literacy was observed before and after the introduction of maker education into energy education class. The results of this study were as follows. First, energy education using maker education had a positive effect on elementary school students' scientific attitude; there was a significant improvement in curiosity, openness, critical thinking, cooperation, spontaneity, persistence, and creativity. Second, maker education had a positive effect on the energy literacy of elementary school students. There was a significant improvement in all components of energy literacy.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.385-396
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• 2022

The 2022 revised curriculum emphasized basic literacy, which consists of language, numeracy, and digital literacy. This digital literacy is being presented in the curriculum as a goal for cultivating digital literacy in various countries. Therefore, this study looked at the curriculum of countries with high digital literacy among students. And PISA 2018 data analysis was conducted on ICT elements of students by country. Specifically, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for each ICT element for country-by-country comparison. As a result, when organizing the curriculum related to digital literacy, it is necessary to organize it earlier than the present time. In addition, it was found that it was necessary to consider the contents to increase the usability in school.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.683-693
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• 2023

In this study, we used satellite images to analyze the green algae phenomenon that first occurred in Soyang-ho, which was completed in 1973. The research data used 13 optical images over a period of about 2 months from July 2023, and the area of green algae that occurred in Soyang-ho was calculated. To calculate the exact area where green algae occurred, image classification was performed based on the support vector machine algorithm. As a result, green algae in Soyang-ho occurred around the point where the impurities that caused the green algae were introduced. It seemed to temporarily decrease due to the effects of Typhoon Khanun in August 2023, but green algae increased again due to the continued heat. Soyang-ho is one of the major water sources in the metropolitan area, suggesting that we must prepare for repeated green algae outbreaks.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.488-498
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• 2013

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to the Lake Euiam. The lake has three inflows, of which Gongji Stream has the smallest flow rate and poorest water. The dam-storage volume, watershed area, lake shape and discharge type of the Chuncheon Dam and the Soyang Dam are different. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the water plume and mixing pattern due to the difference of the two dams regarding the amount of outflow and water temperature. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different characteristics on temperature and conductivity using the model appropriate for the Lake Euiam. We selected an integrated system supporting 3-D time varying modeling (GEMSS) to represent large temporal and spatial variations in hydrodynamics and transport of the Lake Euiam. The model represents the water temperature and hydrodynamics in the lake reasonably well. We examined residence time and spreading patterns of the incoming flows in the lake based on the results of the validated model. The results of the water temperature and conductivity distribution indicated that characteristics of upstream dams greatly influence Lake Euiam. In this study, the three-dimensional time variable water quality model successfully simulated the temporal and spatial variations of the hydrodynamics in the Lake Euiam. The model may be used for efficient water quality management.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 2017

This study provided digital literacy concept, core area and class achievement connected computational thinking in order to reestablish digital literacy keeping pace with trend change. Main study's contents analyzed digital literacy concept and changing trend of digital technologies, provided characters of information subject matter education. Implications from these analyses is that necessary digital literacy is to support software education, contents being connected computational thinking and contents being necessary. And we committed Delphi investigation to 16 information education expert on total 67 achievements based on these previous studies. Survey results totally surpassed CVR criterion of digital literacy called information life and then readjusting parts of achievements through panel discussions because of partially being lower than Validity criterion. Finally achievements of Information Life came into existence 5 items for 1st, 2nd of elementary school level(ESL), 13 items for 3rd, 4th of ESL, 23 items for 5th, 6th of ESL, 16 items for middle school Level.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

Long-term variation of zooplankton community and species composition was studied from 2003 to 2014 in a deep reservoir, Lake Soyang, in monsoon climate region, Korea. In addition, we examined the correlation with environmental factors. Annual precipitation of watershed showed a large variation in the $705{\sim}1,779mm\;yr^{-1}$ and more than 70% of it was being concentrated from June to September. The water quality of Lake Soyang was shown a clearly seasonal variations and particularly turbid water flowing into the lake during rainy season was the most important environmental factors. Zooplankton community in Lake Soyang showed a significant difference before and after 2006. Zooplankton biomass has shown a large increase and also showed a change in the zooplankton community structure since 2006. The of zooplankton showed positive correlation with temperature and BOD, Chl. a, TP concentration. These results are considered that nutrient and organic matter contained in the turbid water influences the increase in zooplankton biomass and species composition. However, water quality was limited to account for the increase in biomass of zooplankton. For example, increase of small zooplankton density (rotifer; Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra vulgaris) in spring which is dominated by diatoms (large size; Melosira, Synedra etc.) is considered as a bottom-up effect by the microbial loop. And increased density of crustaceans in autumn was considered a top-down effects by the relationship between predator and prey of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. In other words the inflow of allochthonous organic matter during rainy season also affected to zooplankton food web in Lake Soyang. In conclusion, biomass, diversity and long-term variations of zooplankton in Lake Soyang were determined by physico-chemical factors but also it is considered that biological interactions is important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2016

This study is conducted to search about changing earth science contents influenced by the scientific literacy from the 7th curriculum to the 2015 revised curriculum. Earth science area is divided into astronomy, geology, meteorology and oceanography contents. Among the elements of scientific literacy, the contents were analyzed focusing on STS elements. In the astronomical and meteorological content areas, there were aspects of scientific literacy in all periods from the 7th to the 2015 revised curriculum. Except for the 2007 revised curriculum in the geological area and the 7th curriculum in the oceanographic content area, the aspects of scientific literacy appeared at all times. It is emphasized the usefulness of science and technology in the astronomical content area and the use of science in everyday life in geological and meteorological content area. In the oceanographic content area, it is emphasized that content of science related social issue such as resource shortage and environmental pollution. This study can be extended to the fields of physics, chemistry and life science, we suggest to inquire the scientific literacy as a integrated science.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2011

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for wrinkles in human. As well as the anti-wrinkle effects, the anti-pruritic effect of BoNT/A has been revealed from several researches for new therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-pruritic effect of BoNT/A against histamine-induced pruritus on canine skin. Five clinically healthy beagles were included in the study. All dogs were received 0.05 ml (5 Unit) of BoNT/A on the right dorsal thoracic region as an experiment and the same volume of saline solution was injected on the left dorsal thoracic region as a control, respectively. Intradermal histamine injections were performed four times (before treatment and days 1, 3 and 7 after BoNT/A injection). The severity of pruritus, the diameter and thickness of wheal, the erythema index and cutaneous temperature were assessed. The severity of pruritus was reduced on BoNT/A treated sides, compared with saline treated sides (p < 0.05). BoNT/A decreased wheal size, in both diameter and thickness (p < 0.05). Although, erythema index of both sides were increased after first histamine injection, BoNT/A treated sides showed the low-value as compared with saline treated sides. Cutaneous temperature was decreased significantly on BoNT/A treated sides. These results indicates that BoNT/A reduce histamine-induced pruritus on canine skin and suggested a possibility of application of BoNT/A for local intractable dermatologic problem in dogs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 1996

Sasang constitution classification is very important subject, so many medical men studied the Sasang constitution classification but there is no certain method to classify objectively. And the purpose of this study is to help classifying Sasang constitution through correlation with sound spectrogram. This study was done it under the suppose that Sasang costitution hag correlation with sound spectrogram. The following results were obtained about correlation between sound spectrogram and Sasang constitution by comparison and analysis the pitch and reading speed of Sasang constitutions; 1. There was a similar tendency in the composition reading speed between taeeumin, soeumin and soyangin. 2. Taeeumin's center was lower measured more than soeumin's and soyangin's in the pitch graph and graph by normal curve fit and there was a similar tendency between soeumin and soyangin. 3. There was a similar tendency in the pitch graph's width between all constitutions. 4. There was a significant difference between taeeumin and soeum in the mean of three constitution's pitch, this means that taeeumin uses lower voice more than soeumin. According to the results, it is considered that there is a correlation between pitch of sound spectrogram and Sasang constitution. And method of Sasang constitution classification through sound spectrogram analysis can be one method as assistant for the objectification of Sasang constitution classification.