• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 1995

본 연구는 옴개구리(Rana rugosa)의 생식주기를 파악하고 이들 난자들의 체외 성숙조건을 구하기 위하여 수행하였다 개구리들의 gonadosomatic index(G51)는 4월에서 8월사이에는 비교적 낮았고 9월에서 이듬해 3월까지는 높았다 여포들의 성장은 주로 6월에서 9월 사이에 이루어지는데 난소내에서도 여포들의 성장 속도는 일부 다른 것으로 나타났다. 야외 관찰에서 이 개구리들은 서식지의 온도에 따라 4월에서 7월 사이에 산란을 한다는 것과 10월에서 이듬해 3월까지 동면을 한다는 것을 말았다. 산란기에 취한 여포 난자들은 생체외 배양에서 progesterone에 성숙반응(germinal vesicle breakdown(GVBD))을 일으키지 않았다. 그러나 protein klnase C(PKC)의 촉진제인 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate(TPA) 혹은 Na+/K+ ATPase의 저해제인 ouabain을 progesterone과 동시에 처리했을 때에는 성숙반응을 일으켰다(각각 86%와 80%). TPA 로 핵붕괴를 일으킨 난자의 세포질을 미성숙 난자에 주입하면 미성숙 난자의 핵붕괴를 유도하였으며 성숙된 다른 종의 난자들의 세포질도 이와 같은 효과를 나타내었다. TPA의 성숙유도 효과는 5분의 노출 기간으로도 충분하였으며 PKC의 저해제인 H-7을 처리하면 그 효과가 없어졌다 이러한 결과들은 옴개구리의 난자는 호르몬에 성숙반응을 일으킨지 않으나 PKC 활성화 이후 단계는 정상이라는 것을 의미한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2009

Purpose:Iron is a critical nutritional element that is essential for a variety of important biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, electron transfer reactions, and oxygen transport, activation, and detoxification. Iron is also required for neoplastic cell growth due to its catalytic effects on the formation of hydroxyl radicals, suppression of host defense cell activities, and promotion of cancer cell multiplication. Chronic transfusion-dependent patients receiving chemotherapy may have iron overload, which requires iron-chelating therapy. We performed this study to demonstrate whether the iron chelating agent deferoxamine induces apoptosis in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells, and to investigate the underlying apoptotic mechanism. Methods:To analyze the apoptotic effects of an iron chelator, cultured Saos-2 cells were treated with deferoxamine. We analyzed cell survival by trypan blue and crystal violet analysis, apoptosis by nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle analysis, and the expression of apoptotic related proteins by Western immunoblot analysis. Results:Deferoxamine inhibited the growth of Saos-2 cell in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The major mechanism for growth inhibition with the deferoxamine treatment was by the induction of apoptosis, which was supported by nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation analysis, and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, bcl-2 expression decreased, while bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP expression increased in Saos-2 cells treated with deferoxamine. Conclusion:These results demonstrated that the iron chelating agent deferoxamine induced growth inhibition and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, suggesting that iron chelating agents used in controlling neoplastic cell fate can be potentially developed as an adjuvant agent enhancing the anti-tumor effect for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.47 no.10
• /
• pp.637-646
• /
• 2009

양성 종양(benign tumor)을 언급하기에 앞서 과오종(hamartoma) 및 과다 형성(hyperplasia)과의 차이를 구분할 필요가 있다. 양성 종양은 기원조직과 유사한 조직이 이상 증식하는 것으로 서서히 성장하지만 일반적으로 치료하기 전까지 이상 증식을 지속하는 진성 신생물을 일컫는다. 이에 비해 과오종은 정상 조직이 무질서하게 과증식하는 것으로 일정기간 후에는 성장을 멈추기 때문에 진성 신생물로 간주하지 않는다. 그러나 일부 과오종이 양성 종양에 포함되기도 하는데, 예를 들어 치아종은 정상적인 치성 조직의 성장이 완료되는 시기와 거의 동일한 시기에 성장을 멈추지만 양성 종양으로 분류된다. 과다 형성은 조직의 세포가 정상적인 배열 양상을 보이면서 세포의 수가 증가하는 것으로 지속적인 성장 양상을 보이지만 그 성장이 제한적이므로 양성 종양과는 구별된다. 양성 종양은 일반적으로 무통성으로 서서히 성장하기 때문에 종양의 크기가 증가하여 안면 종창이나 동통 등을 유발하는 경우에 발견될 수 있으며, 방사선검사에서 우연히 발견되기도 한다. 방사선검사는 병소의 위치, 범위, 특징 및 병소와 인접 해부학적 구조와의 관계 등 많은 방사선학적 진단 정보를 제공한다. 일부 종양은 방사선사진에서 매우 특징적인 소견을 나타내기 때문에 방사선학적 소견으로 예비 진단을 할 수 있을 정도의 진단정보를 제공하기도 하는 반면 어떤 종양들은 방사선사진에서 관찰되는 소견이 매우 유사하여 진단에 어려움을 주기도 한다. 따라서 종양의 확진을 위해서는 생검이 필수적이며, 방사선검사는 반드시 생검에 앞서 진행되어야만 정확한 방사선학적 진단을 할 수 있다. 양성 종양은 각각의 특징적인 방사선학적인 소견을 나타내지만 일반적으로 관찰되는 양성 종양의 특징이 존재하므로 이러한 일반적인 특징을 관찰하여 병소가 양성인지 악성인지를 감별할 수 있다. 첫째, 양성 종양은 대개 호발하는 부위가 있으므로 종양의 발생부위는 감별 진단을 하는 데 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 치성 병소는 치아가 형성되는 하악관 상방의 치조돌기에서, 혈관성 및 신경성 병소는 하악관 내에서, 연골성 종양은 하악과두와 같이 연골세포가 잔존되어 있는 부위에서 발생하는 경우가 많다. 둘째, 양성 종양은 대체로 명확한 경계와 피질골성 변연을 보이며, 종종 병소가 결체조직으로 둘러싸여 있어 병소 주위에 방사선투과성 띠가 관찰되기도 한다. 셋째, 양성 종양은 일반적으로 인접 주위 조직에 압력을 가하면서 서서히 성장하기 때문에 인접 치아의 변위 또는 흡수, 피질골의 비박, 팽융 등의 소견을 보이며 피질골의 천공은 드물다. 방사선학적으로 양성 종양의 병소 내부는 방사선투과상으로 관찰되거나, 방사선불투과상으로 관찰되거나, 방사선투과상과 방사선불투과상이 혼재된 상으로 관찰된다. 저자는 이 지면에서 이러한 방사선학적 특징을 기초로 하여 구강악안면영역에 발생하는 양성 종양을 분류하고 각각의 특징에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.629-636
• /
• 1999

Gonadal development, gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, egg-diameter and composition, condition factor, and the first sexual maturity of the clam, Potamocorbula amurensis were investigated by histological observation. Samples were collected monthly from the tidal flat of Moonpo, Puan-gun, Chollabuk-do, west coast of Korea from November 1996 to October 1997. P. amurensis is dioecious and oviparous. The gonads were composed of a number of gametogenic follicles. The oogonia and fully ripe oocytes were $9\~12\mu$m and $50\~60\mu$m in diameter, respectively. Each of the spermatogenic follicle formed stratified layers composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes spermatids, and spermatozoa in groups on the follicular wall. The reproductive cycle of P. amurensis could be classified into five successive stages: early active, late active, ripe, partially spawned, and recovery. Spawning occurred twice a year from May to July and from September to October, the main spawning seasons also appeared twice a year between May and June, and in October when the water temperatures reached above $18^{\circ}C$. The monthly changes in the condition factor were closely related with the reproductive cycle. Minimum size for the sexual maturation of female and male were 8.1 mm in shell length. There were two patterns for the gametogenesis: 1. After spawning, the undischarged ripe oocytes and spermatozoa in the follicles were degenerated and absorbed, but in part, the existing follicles were not contracted significantly and then they took part in new gametogenesis within one or two months (especially, in summer). 2. After spawning, each follicle was contracted, thereafter gametogenesis again occurred in newly formed follicles.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.787-795
• /
• 2021

Eupatorium chinensis var. simplicifolium (EUC) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Young sprouts of EUC have been used as food for a long time, and the whole EUC plant has been used as an herbal remedy in oriental medicine. Arteriosclerosis, or chronic inflammation in arterial vessels, is a cardiovascular disease and is involved in various disorders. Cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and neuropathic hyperplasia are mainly caused by abnormal growth and movement due to multiple growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen released from damaged vessel walls and is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. To determine the effects of EUC on the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs, the present study investigated intracellular signaling pathways in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs treated with and without EUC. Pretreating PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs with EUC tended to effectively decrease cell proliferation and migration. Subsequently, the intracellular growth-related signaling pathways of AKT, phospholipase C gamma (PLC-γ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were investigated using western blotting to confirm inhibited phosphorylation. Furthermore, flow cytometry data showed that EUC blocked the cell cycle of VSMCs. These results suggest that EUC can inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by controlling the cell cycle and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, this indicates that EUC can be used as a preventative against cardiovascular disease resulting from abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.451-460
• /
• 2004

Objective : 황금의 유방암세포주에 대한 항암효과 및 기전에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡하며, 특히 에스트로젠리셉터를 가지지않은 유방암세포주인 MDA-MB-231에 대한 효과 및 기전에 대한 연구는 아직 발표된바 없어, 이에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. Methods : 인간 유방암세포주 MDA-MB-231 MTT assay를 이용 성장방해비율을 조사하였으며. FACS analysis를 이용 cell cycle analysis를 시행하였고, Western Blot Analysis 및 Annexin V analysis를 시행하였다. Results : MDA-MB-231에 대한 황금의 IC50는 180 ug/ml 이었으며 최대 세포성장억제효과는 $500{\mu}g/ml$로 한약재중 비교적 강한 세포독성을 보여 주었다. 유세포분석 에서 황금 $500{\mu}g/ml$의 농도를 72시간 투여한 경우 세포사멸(Sub Gl) 분율이 대조군의 1.7%에 비해 21%로 높아 현저한 용량의존적인 세포사멸현상을 보여주었으며, 세포사멸을 보다 명확히 규명할 수 있는 Annexin V analysis에서도 황금 $200{\mu}g/ml$농도일때 48시간에서 17%의 뚜렷한 세포사멸효과를 나타내었다. 한편 세포사멸촉진인자인 Bax, 세포사멸실행단백질인자인 caspase 3의 활성과 PARP의 분할은 세포사멸이 세포주기정지와 더불어 세포사멸의 과정에 p53이 관여함을 알 수 있다. 앞으로의 연구는 p53발현이 다른 세포주와 각 단백질의 억제제를 통해 인과적인 관련성을 즘 더 명확히 할 필요가 있어야 할 것으로 생각되어진다. Conclusion : 유방암의 예후에 있어 호르몬치료에 부적절함으로 인해 예후가 나쁜 에스트로젠리셉터 발현이 없는 유방암에 대해서도 황금이 탁월한 항암효과를 보여주고 있으며, 임상적으로 황금단독, 다른 항암약재와의 배합, 그리고 기존의 항암화학요법이나 방사선요법과의 병용투여를 통한 초기 및 진행된 유방암의 치료에 대한 새로운 접근의 실마리를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.71
• /
• pp.626-632
• /
• 2005

The polyamines are essential components of all eukaryotic cells and absolutely necessary for cell growth. In the present study, the cytoprotective role of polyamine was characterized. When $Ac_2F$ rat liver cells were treated with 1M 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dehydrochloride (AAPH), a water soluble free radical initiator, viability of the cells was noticeably decreased due to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxic effect of AAPH as well as ROS generation were significantly inhibited by the treatment of polyamines. Among polyamines, especially spermine at $20{\mu}M$ concentration exerted over $45\%$ inhibition of AAPH-induced ROS generation. Western blotting was performed to determine whether superoxide dismutase(SOD) or catalase (CAT) expression was involved in oxidative stress. The AAPH treatment blocked both SOD and CAT protein expressions. Spermine could recover those protein expressions to the untreated control levels. According to the result of cycline E measurement, AAPH might block the entry of the cells into S phase of the cell cycle. The reduced expression of cyclin E protein could be fully recovered by the addition of spermine. The antioxidative effects of spermine was also further proved by the apopotitic morphological analysis using ethidium bromide and acridine orange.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2005

Apoptosis of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Soldam, which possesses hematopoiesis, osteoporosis prevention, and antimutagenic effects, at different growth stages was evaluated. Cytotoxic effect of acetone extracts of immature fruits against various tumor cell lines was higher than that of mature fruits, particularly in hormone-independent human breast cancer, MDA-MB-231 cell line. Immature fruit extract increased expression level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and reduced that of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and stimulated caspase-3 activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results suggest immature fruit of P. salicina Lindl. cv. soldam to be natural source for development of functional food and medical agents to prevent human breast cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1552-1557
• /
• 2012

It has been reported that pipernonaline isolated from Piper longum Linn. has a wide biochemical and pharmacological effect, including antitumor activity in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. However, its mechanism and expression pattern of many genes involved in biological functions are not clearly understood. To perform the gene expression study in PC-3 cells treated with pipernonaline, a cDNA microarray chip composed of 44,000 human cDNA probes was used. As a result, cell cycle-related genes, apoptosis-related genes, and cell proliferation/growth-related genes have been identified in gene ontology of the DAVID database. These results suggest that pipernonaline has antitumor activity by regulating the expression pattern of genes involved in biological signaling pathway in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Further, additional analysis of these microarray data can be a useful tool to identify the mechanism and discovery of novel genes in cancer therapy.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.395-405
• /
• 2017

To confirm potential anti-cancer activities of ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction from Orostachys japonicus on the A549 human lung cancer cells, this study examined. As a result of conducting MTS assay for measuring cell viability, the EtOAc fraction inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate whether the inhibiting A549 cell viability was caused by apoptosis, this study analyzed chromatin condensation in A549 cells using DAPI staining. The morphological changes such as the formation of nuclear condensation were formed in a dose-dependent manner. Also, this study performed Annexin V-FITC staining for detecting phosphatidylinositol (PS). As a result of Annexin V-FITC staining to investigate level of early and late apoptosis, the apoptosis level treated with EtOAc fraction was higher than that of control. RT-PCR was performed to study the correlation between G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell cycle control genes. The anti-cancer activity of EtOAc fraction was accompanied by inhibition of CDK1, 4, cyclin B1 and D1 mRNA. This study also examined the expression of various marker proteins: p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and pro-caspase 3. Western blotting revealed that p53 and Bax proteins were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 and pro-caspase 3 proteins down-regulated in a time and dose-dependent manner.