• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2003

This research investigates the fine structural as well as the morphological changes of the mouse ovarian tissue after irradiation of various dose rates of 6 MeV LINAC radiation. The normal structure of the ovarian tissue is consisted of various stages of follicles including primordial and growing follicles, and ovarian stromal connectives. When we observed the ovarian tissues irradiated with a dose rate of 200 cGy/min using light and electron microscopes, granular cells in growing follicles are in irregular shape unlike normal follicles. Small segments of cells scattered in follicular antrum among granular cells. We could observe neutrophils and macrophages around the segments, which means the cells already got in the process of decease owing to the effects radiation. With coincident to the increase of the dose rate of x-ray irradiation as 400 or 600 cGy/min, the mature follicles appeared as an irregular form and the granular cells surrounding oocyte also deformed comparing to their normal counterparts. The granulosa cells within mature follicle are already occurred necrotic change and apoptosis. The nuclei in some cells got so fragmented that the segments formed the shape of a horseshoe or scattered in small and condensed pieces. All the cells at a granular layer irradiated with a dose rate of 600 cGy/min show typical characteristics of apoptosis. The neutrophils involved in inflammatory reaction appear evidently in follicular antrum of growing follicles, and macrophage scattered with residual and apoptotic bodies.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1996

MAP kinases are a family of serine/threonine specific protein kinases becoming activated in response to different proliferative stimuli by phosphorylation at both threonine and tyrosine residue. Present study shows that MAP kinase was purified from P388 murine leukema cells by SP sephadex C-50, phenyl superose and Mono Q column chromatography and identified with anti-ERKl antibody by western blotting. Immnublotting analysis to the crude extract of P388 cell lysate shows 44 kD and other minor bands but partial purified fraction eluted from phenyl supherose column have 44kD and 66 kD isoform. Subcloned GST-fusion protein from N-terminal of $p56^{kk}$ was tested as a substrate for MAP kinase phosphorylation. It was showed that the wild type and mutant forms(S42A) were fully phosporylated by purified MAP kinase fraction as com-pare with the other mutant form(S59A). This finding suggest that those GST-fusion proteins may be used as substrate for the in vitro test of MAP kinase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.859-865
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• 2009

Microtubules, a major cytoskeleton, form parallel arrays in the axon and are oriented with their plus ends toward the cell periphery. Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are the molecular motors acting in the microtubule-based motilities of organelles in cells. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the protein that interacts with the coiled-coil domain of KIF1A and found a specific interaction with microtubule-destabilizing factor SCG10. SCG10 bound to the amino acid residues between 400 and 820 of KIF1A, but not to other KIFs in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The coiled-coil domain of SCG10 is essential for interaction with KIF1A. In addition, this specific interaction was also observed in the Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. An antibody to SCG10 specifically co-immunoprecipitated KIF1A associated with SCG10 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that KIF1A motor protein transports SCG10-containing vesicles along microtubules in neurons.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2006

In this report, we describe that the use of GroEL/GroES-enriched S30 extract remarkably enhances the solubility and enzymatic activity of cell-free synthesized rPA, which requires the correct formation of 9 disulfide bonds for its biological activity. We found that the stable maintenance of redox potential is necessary, but not sufficient for the optimal expression of active rPA. In a control reaction without using additional molecular chaperones, most of the rPA molecules were aggregated almost instantly after their expression and thus failed to exhibit the enzymatic activity. However, by the use of GroEL/GroES-enriched extract, combined with IAM-treatment, approximately $30{\mu}g/ml$ of active rPA was expressed in the cell-free synthesis reaction. This result not only demonstrates the efficient production of complex proteins, but also shows the control and flexibility offered by the cell-free protein synthesis system.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 1992

Reactive oxygen scavenging activity and immune stimulatory activity of lactobacilli were investigated by different free radical scavenging assays and Ig G assay. Lactobacilli culture (S/N) and its complex with $Mn^{2+}$ have significant effects in XOD assay and response to paraquat. Cell free extract significantly prevented the photohemolysis. Thus, it seems that each sample from lactobacilli has a different free radical scavening mechanism. Furthermore, it is assumed that cell free extract from lactobacilli activates antibody stimulation of B cell through a stimulation of T cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

This study investigated the mechanical tearing of a cell membrane using a nanostructured alumina filter for easy and quick mechanical cell disruption. Nanostructured alumina filters were prepared by a multi-step aluminum anodizing process and nanopore etching process. Six different types of nanostructures were formed on the surface of the nanoporous alumina filters to compare the mechanical cell disruption characteristics according to the shape of the nanostructure. The prepared alumina filter was assembled in a commercial filter holder, and then, NIH3T3 fibroblast cells in a buffer solution were passed through the nanostructured alumina filter at a constant pressure. By measuring the concentration of proteins and DNA, the characteristics of mechanical cell disruption of the nanostructured alumina filter were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.503-518
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• 2000

분수계는 지형적 실체이며, 지역의 지형 연구 분야에서 자연적 경계로서 설정된다. 분수계는 수계, 산계, 유역등의 지형 요소들과 연관된다. 분수계의 지형 형성과 기능은 경사의 법칙, 구조의 법칙, 그리고 계층의 법칙으로 설명될 수 있다. 분수계는 구조적 형성과정과 기후적 삭박과정을 통하여 변화한다. 지형분수계는 능선분수계, 하천 분수계, 폐쇄 분수계, 세탈 분수계, 문턱 분수계, 세포형 분수계 등으로 유형화 될 수 있다. 지하수 분수계는 대개 지형의 기복을 반영하지만, 지역의 지질구조, 암서, 파쇄대 등으로 인하여 지형 분수계와 일치하지 않을 수 있다. 분수계의 법칙의 예외로서 설명되는 분수계의 일반적 단면은 선형이 아닌 대상 혹은 지대로서 나타난다. 분수계를 물의 흐름을 분리하는 곳으로 볼 때, 지형분수계는 지표면의 고도에 의해서 결정되며, 지하수 분수계는 지형, 지질 구조, 선구 조적 지형 요소들의 배열, 지층의 방향을 고려하여 결정된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

본 연구는 ${\beta}-galactosidase$와 phytase활성이 높은 균주의 선발을 목적으로 수각 미생물들을 Kefir와 자연환경에서 분리하여 효소활성을 측정하였다. 배양한 유산균과 효모 균체액을 French pressure cell press로 세포를 파쇄하였을 때, 각 미생물의 단백질농도는 효모보다 유산균이 높은 것으로 나타났다. ${\beta}-galcactosidase$의 비활성은 Kluyveromyces maxiranus와 Candida utilis를 제외하고는 대부분 $0.80{\sim}0.89\;umol/min/mg$ 사이였다. 체적활성의 경우는 Lactobacillus paracasei 및 Lactobacillus rahmnosus, Enterococcus faecium이 각각 15.9 및 14.5, 14.5 umol/ml를 기록하여 ${\beta}-galcactosidase$의 추출재료로 우수하였다. phytase의 비활성은 Lactobacillus paracasei 와 Enterococcus faecium이 0.032와 0.038 umol/min/mg로 가장 높았다. 체적활성의 경우는 Lactobacillus paracasei가 35.12 umol/ml로 가장 높았다. 결론적으로 ${\beta}-galactosidase$와 phytase의 생산측면에서 이용한 미생물중에서는 Lactobacillus paracasei가 가장 우수한 것으로 사료되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2014

In this study, we measured antioxidant activity as DPPH radical scavenging and the total polyphenol content of pulverized and lyophilized oak pollens inoculated with fungi to confirm the husk removal effect. The total polyphenol content of oak pollen was highest in lyophilized pollen medium inoculated with Armillaria mellea, and was lowest in pollen inoculated with Lentinula edodes. Total polyphenol content of the lyophilized pollen was higher than that of the refined pollen and the pulverized pollen in oak pollen germinated with A. mellea. The total polyphenol content of the lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea was 1.4-fold higher than that extracted with water. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method showed that the lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea had the highest and that germinated with L. edodes was lowest in antioxidant activities. The lyophilized oak pollen germinated with A. mellea was 2 to 4 times higher than that extracted with water in the antioxidant activity of DPPH free radical scavenging. Many germinated cells were formed around pore of acorn pollen inoculated with L. edodes, while those were formed at the end of hyphae derived from oak pollen inoculated with A. mellea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 2018

The astaxanthin recovery efficiencies were compared in acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, dichloromethane : methanol (1:3, v/v) and ethylacetate : ethanol (1:1, v/v) as a extraction solvent after the grinding of the H. pluvialis cells. The astaxanthin extraction yield in acetone was 1.13~1.29 times higher than other extraction solvents. It was also found that 96.7% of astaxanthin accumulated in H. pluvialis could be recovered by a single extraction. Since astaxanthin exists mainly as astaxanthin esters in H. pluvialis, a gradient reversed-phase HPLC analysis was carried out for the separation of astaxanthin esters from the extracts of H. pluvialis. Among the astaxanthin inside the H. pluvialis cell, free astaxanthin was 45.9% and astaxanthin esters were the rest.