• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

In this study, the extracts from the leaves of Rhaphiolepis indica(R. indica) and Quercus salicina(Q. salicina) confirmed antioxidative effects. The antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of the two extracts were analyzed according to varied concentrations and time. The extracts of R. indica and Q. salicina showed dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activities. The extracts of R. indica and Q. salicina at concentrations of 5 mg/mL showed DPPH radical scavenging activities at 89.93 and 92.41%. Therefore, Q. salicina were confirmed to have higher antioxidative effects than R. indica. Total phenolic contents were 65.20 mg GAE/g for R. indica and 85.20 mg GAE/g for Q. salicina. The result that Q. salicina have higher total phenolic contents than R. indica suggested a correlation between total phenolic contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cell protective effects of HepG2 and A549 cells under oxidative stress, both the extracts showed relatively low cell protective effects at around 10%. The Cytotoxic effects of A549 Cells did not show cytotoxicity at concentrations of $100{\mu}g/mL$ or below. The results of this study are likely to be used as basic data to develop antioxidants using the extract of R. indica and Q. salicina.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2016

Anti-oxidant activity of 600 medicinal plants from Jeju was analyzed. Extracts from the leaves of Distylium racemosum have the highest anti-oxidant activity. D. racemosum is an oriental medicinal plant belonging to the Hamamelidacea and grows in the wild in Jeju. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and cell viability of different fractions (n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, buthanol, DW) from D. racemosum. Anti-oxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test and total phenolic content. Cell viability was determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay on HepG2 and A549 cells. Among various extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reaching approximately 93% at 0.5 mg/mL, higher than that of quercetin used as a positive control. Ethyl acetate fractions showed the highest total phenolic content at 505 mg GAE/g. The phenolic content of each extract showed association with DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate extracts were resistant against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatment in the MTT cell viability assay and showed a higher cell protective effect than other fraction extracts. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction might be a source of anti-oxidants of D. racemosum.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2012

The ash content, mineral composition, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effect of the antlers of deer fed with herb-incorporated feedstuff (HFS) or normal feedstuff (NFS) were comparatively evaluated. The contents of ash and mineral of the antler of deer fed with HFS were significantly lower than its counterpart. The ash and mineral contents of deer antlers decreased generally from the upper section toward the tip section. The ratios of Ca/ash, Ca/P, and Ca/Fe of antler of deer fed with HFS were lower than those of antler of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS had higher total phenolics, nitrite scavenging capacity, and antioxidant capacity than those of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS or NFS showed in vitro neuronal protection of PC-12 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, where antler of deer fed with HFS generally had higher cellular viability than NFS. These results above suggest that the incorporation of the medicinal herbal complex into feedstuff may improve the biological effects of deer antlers.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2011

Citrus unshiu (C. unshiu) Markovich were dried peel of mandarin orange, of which fresh fruit was one of the famous foods in Korea and Eastern Asia. In the oriental medicine, C. unshiu peel was known to have a diuretic effect and to strengthen spleen function. Recently, natural flavonoids of C. unshiu peel have been investigated. In this study, C. unshiu peel extract containing flavonoid-glycosides was cultured with Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) mycelia producing ${\beta}$-glu- cosidase and its biological activities were investigated. ${\beta}$-glucosidase of S. commune mycelia converted the flavonoid-glycosides (rutin and hesperidin) into aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin). Fermented C. unshiu peel extract compounds were analyzed by HPLC system. The photoprotective potential of fermented C. unshiu peel extract was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to UVA. Fermented C. unshiu peel extract extract also showed notable in vitro anti-inflammatory effect on cellular systems generating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) metabolites. Also, UVB-induced production of interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ in human HaCaT cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with fermented C. unshiu peel extract. These results suggest that fermented C. unshiu peel extract may mitigate the effects of photoaging in skin by reducing UV-induced adverse skin reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.965-976
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• 2023

Reynoutria japonica is a perennate plant belonging to Polygonaceae and grows wild in East Asia containing Korea. Roots of Reynoutria japonica (R. japonica), part of roots of Reynoutria japonica, has been used for anti-inflammation and antispasmodics and contains emodin as active compound. Epidermis of skin is crucial roles to defense our body against stimulants, harmful substance and prevent water loss. In this study, we examined the effect of R. japonica and emodin, its active compound, on skin-barrier and moisturizing on HaCaT cells. First, antioxidant effect of R. japonica was prominent by scavenging ABTS⁺ radicals. Next, we conducted real time PCR and expression of filaggrin mRNA which is crucial role in differentiation of keratinocyte increased by R. japonica and emodin dose-dependently. In addition, R. japonica and emodin significantly elevated the expression of HAS-2 mRNA which play a role in hyaluronic acid synthesis on HaCaT cells. Taken together, R. japonica containing emodin, as active compound has potential as a cosmetic material for enhancing the function of skin-barrier and moisturizing in epidermis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

The antioxidative effects and component analysis of the Melaleuca quinquenervia leaf extracts were investigated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried M. quinquenervia leaves. The DPPH (1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fraction ($10.05{\mu}g/mL$) of M. quinquenervia leaf extracts was similar to (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol($8.89{\mu}g/mL$) known as a typical antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction ($1.61{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction ($1.07{\mu}g/mL$) of leaf extracts of M. quinquenervia on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were similar to that of L-ascorbic acid ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effect of the extracts on the rose bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes was increased in a concentration dependant manner ($1{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, the cellular protective effects of Aglycone fraction (${\tau}_{50}=158.80min$) and 50% Ethanol extract (${\tau}_{50}=50.1{\pm}0.2min$) on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human cells were exhibited the higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.0min$). TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethylacetate fraction of the extracts. Results showed that avicularin and quercetrin were active components of the extracts. These findings suggest that the M. quinquenervia leaf extracts can be applied to new cosmetics products as an effective antioxidant ingradient.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

N,N'-Diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) present in plants such as Sophora japonica has been reported to have skin depigmentative and antioxidative activities. In this study, DFP, usually presents in nature a very little amount and its derivative (DFP-D) were synthesized in a large quantity for the use as functional cosmetical materials. The antioxidative activities of synthesized DFP and DFP-D were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, chemiluminescence assay, and cell protective effect induced by $^1O_2$, stress. DFP and DFP-D showed DPPH radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) at $61.25{\pm}2.25{\mu}M$ and $12.92{\pm}0.72{\mu}M$, respectively. ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in the $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system of DFP and DFP-D were 2 times ($1.84{\pm}0.12{\mu}M$) and 13 times ($0.174{\pm}0.01{\mu}M$), respectively higher than that of L-ascorbic acid. $^1O_2$, one of ROS playing a key role in the skin photo-aging, induces cellular membrane damages. DFP-D ($50{\mu}M$) showed good cell protective effects (${\tau}_{50}=80.2min$) about 2 times more than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=43.6min$). These results suggest that the great antioxidative activities of DFP and DFP-D could be applied to cosmetic industries as functional cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2000

The biological activities of water, ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts from Acanthopanax root bark were compared. 94% of Hep3B cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. It was also showed that above 90% of A549 cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts. The 50% ethanol extracts of A. sessiliflorum root bark showed that the extracts selectivity were from 1.5 to 3.4 by adding all samples. For screening immunomodulating activities, Jurkat(T-cell) was showed that the cell growth and viability were more increased and activited 275% by adding the 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. The result of anti-mutagenicity of 50% ethanol extracts of A. senticosus root bark was most effective than any other samples. The enhancement of glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased 241% by adding 1.0g/L 1 : 1 extracts of A. senticosus root bark. 72% of oxidation was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2014

This study compared the antioxidant effects of two kinds of black raspberry extract, obtained from fruits of Rubus coreanus and Rubus occidentalis, which can be found in Korea. The fruits of R. coreanus and R. occidentalis were each extracted with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol (EtOH). Among the extracts of these two varieties, 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest contents of total polyphenols ($46.96{\pm}2.78mg/g$) and flavonoid compounds ($11.77{\pm}0.81mg/g$). The 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest antioxidant activity ($84.77{\pm}0.97%$) in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the contrary, 25% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the best antioxidant activity ($29.65{\pm}2.41%$) in terms of ABTS radical scavenging activity. In the results of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 50% EtOH extract of R. occidentalis showed the highest antioxidant activity ($0.49{\pm}0.02%$). In the cytotoxicity test stimulated with $H_2O_2$, the extracts of 75% and 100% EtOH from R. occidentalis showed the highest cell viability ($93.54{\pm}3.37%$ and $97.19{\pm}0.74%$, respectively). According to our results, extracts of R. occidentalis showed higher antioxidant activities than extracts of R. coreanus. Especially, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of R. occidentalis showed the highest significant correlation with FRAP by Pearson's correlation (P=0.005 and P=0.013, respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1801-1807
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• 2014

Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are widely distributed among the world's oceans in various habitats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze-drying on the antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of blue mussels collected in the Gyeongnam coast area of Korea. Raw (RM) and freeze-dried blue mussel flesh (FRM) were extracted with ethanol, methanol, and water. Antioxidant activities were evaluated on the basis of DPPH radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC), and antigenotoxic activity (comet assay). Except for the water extract, RM and FRM showed DPPH radical scavenging activities, which increased upon freeze-drying in MeOH extract. The highest ORAC value was observed in water extract of RM and MeOH extract of FRM. CAC was protected against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by both RM and FRM extracts. Freeze-drying lowered ORAC value of water extract, whereas it increased CAC activity, suggesting that antioxidant activities varied according to the generated radicals. All extracts from RM and FRM showed antigenotoxic activities by reducing $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leukocytes. Freeze-drying had no effect on antigenotoxicity of blue mussels. Taken together, these results indicate that blue mussels possess antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties, and freeze-drying might be a useful processing method for blue mussels to retain their maximum physiological potential as a functional food.