• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the effect of bioprocessed polysaccharides (BPPs) from liquid culture of Lentinus edodes fungal mycelia containing rice bran (BPP-RB) on a chicken-derived macrophage cell line, HD-11, when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, an etiological agent of fowl typhoid. Experimental results demonstrated water extract of BPP-RB did not show growth inhibitory effects on S. Gallinarum 277. Protein expression profiles were also not altered by its treatment. Nonetheless, it could (i) enhance phagocytic activity of HD-11 cells, (ii) activate transcriptional expression of Th1-type cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS, as well as an immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and (iii) negatively regulate Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6. Together results suggest that BPP-RB may be applicable for preventing fowl typhoid or other Salmonella infections in poultry farms as a potential feed additive.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

Recently, the demand for large diameter piles has been rapidly increased in order to secure the allowable bearing capacity of pile foundation due to the increase of large structures such as high rise buildings. In this study, to improve the shear capacity of a conventional PHC pile, a large diameter composite PHC pile strengthened by in-filled concrete and shear reinforcement was manufactured. All the piles were tested according to the shear strength test method of Korean Standard. As a result of the shear test, the F-type piles which are produced without shear reinforcement occurred abrupt horizontal cracks after flexural and inclined shear cracks occurred. On the contrary, the FT-type piles which are produced with shear reinforcement exhibited stable flexural and inclined shear cracks uniformly over the entire pile without abrupt horizontal cracks. Furthermore, the maximum load of the large diameter composite PHC pile improved to 2.9 times in the F series, and more than 3.3 times in the FT series compared to the conventional PHC pile. This result indicated that FT-type piles had excellent composite behavior due to the shear reinforcement and effectively prevented the unstable growth of inclined shear cracks.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2005

Various chemotherapeutic agents have been recommended for pulpotomy of primary teeth, and there are formocresol, ferric sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. Of those, formocresol has fixation effect of pulp tissue and high clinical success rate, so it is most commonly used agent. But formocresol has strong cytotoxic effects, thus many articles reported displacement and loss of permanent successor, amelogenesis imperfecta, mutation by general absorption, possibility of cancer induction. Recently, it has been reported that leakage by imperfect temporary sealing when FC-soaked cotton was inserted into the root canal caused necrosis of surrounding tissues. and that necrosis of alveolar bone related to the use of excessive formocresol. In this case, 2nd primary molar of upper left jaw was treated using formocresol in local clinic, but extracted because of lasting pain. Furthermore, symptoms didn't disappear so patient was refered to us. The patient was 8-year-old male, had foul odor from oral cavity and circular alveolar bone necrosis around the permanent successor' crown. Thus sequestrectomy was operated and observed through 19 months after operation, we found normal root development of permanent successor but no complete regeneration of alveolar bone defect and attached gingiva. Lesion of periodontal tissues by formocresol is irreversible, so we have to confirm the indication in using formocresol and pay attention to complete temporary sealing.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.237-261
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• 2010

This study aims at exploring the employment experiences of people with psychiatric disabilities who look for job and work at workplace through deeply searching that of people with psychiatric disabilities from the point of their view. So this research shows how their employment experiences appears in our country and also what kind of meaning that gives to people with psychiatric disabilities. The Main question of this study is what the meaning and essence of employment experiences of people with psychiatric disabilities is. The qualitative research method was taken for widely understanding and lively writing employment experiences of people with psychiatric disabilities in the connection of their lives. Especially, it was set that phenomenological research methods introduced by Colaizzi's, which can be used for understanding the essential meaning of the experiences of research participants. The major themes could be analyzed as "Entering a narrow door", "Being raised on an unfamiliar stage", "Confusing in the fast world", "Enduring", "Adjusting to an ordinary life", and "Taking a step forward admitting their limitation". These are connected not in the state of independence state but dependence according to time flow. In this study the people with psychiatric disabilities in relation to employment are compared to salmons running back in a wild river. People with psychiatric disabilities have power through running back in their employment and lives like a long river. Even though there are difficulty things, they actively try to flow together with other people as mature people in our society. This research helps to make strategies of employment supports for people with psychiatric disabilities through their employment experiences.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of vertical fragmentation of regional industries in Korea using Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) and Average Propagation Length (APL). First of all, the competitiveness in regional export and substitution of regional imports were strong in the Electricity, Gas, and Water supply sector in Gyeongnam, and consumer-oriented Manufacturing sector in Incheon, Gyeongnam, and Gwangju. The high values of the APL were also found in the regions with common similarity with respect to the industrial structure and the sectors with indirect effects. In addition, the industrial sectors with high quality of infrastructure, and endowed services tended to be located in the beginning of the production chain. FInally, since manufacturing and service sectors in Seoul has higher APL, they could lead the growth of other related industries as key sectors, in the production fragmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Cabotage means transportation of cargoes or passengers between two points within same country by vessel or aircraft which registered to foreign country. Cabotage regulation has justified by the protectionism in economic aspect and by national security in the defence of a country, thus most world's major countries including United States of America, Japan and European Union(outside EU) are executing cabotage. Even though Korean's controlled fleet ranked to 5th in the world, shortage and ageing of Korean domestic seafarers came to the restricted factor in the Korean domestic shipping. Resultingly Korean government permitted 530 Myanmarese and Indonesian seafarers to come on board in domestic vessel. In regarding to the Korean law, there are no direct relationship between boarding foreign crew in domestic vessel. However the baxic concept of cabotage will be spoiled by boarding foreign crew under the regulation of cabotage, so special treatment should be needed to cover the problems in coastal shipping arose form them. To minimize the problems derived from foreign crew, following actions are recommended; first, management skills of foreign crew are needed to overcome differences of communication and culture; second foreign crew supporting center should be established to counsel their difficulties; third, high level of manning companies should be promoted; forth, stabilized crew supply should be guaranteed by improving employment condition; finally, memorandum of understanding should be concluded between two countries to prevent seceders.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 1994

1970년 이후 우리나라는 산업화로 인하여 사회구조와 가정구조가 크게 변화 되었다. 도시집중화로 인한 각종 공해 발생, 교통난, 인구이동의 문제를 비롯하여 그리고 핵가족화로 인한 가부장적 권위상실 및 가정교육부재, 청소년 비행등 수 많은 문제가 야기되었다. 특히 핵가족화로 발생된 심각한 사회문제는 전통윤리의 붕괴와 가정교육의 부재현상을 발생 시켰다. 이와같은 문제발생에 관한 선행연구를 종합해보면 첫째, 핵가족화로 인해 발생한 가족규모의 축소현상으로 자녀들의 다면적 인격형성에 결손을 초래하여 성장후 독립심과 의지가 약하고 고집이 세며 이기적이고 자기중심적인 성향이 되어 사회생활에 부적응 현상을 초래하게 되었다고 한다. 그 이유는 다면적 인간관계의 결여로 상호 협조하고 사랑을 교환한 경험 부족과 외동자녀에 대한 부모의 관심이 자녀의 욕구에만 집중되어 자녀종속적인 태도가 크게 적용하였기 때문이다. 둘째는 산업화 사회에서의 부부동시 사회참여가 자녀양육에 어머니와의 애착형성이 결여되어 모성실조를 겪게 된 문제를 들 수 있다. 어머니와 자녀간의 애착형성이 결여 됨으로 발생되는 문제는 지적 정체현상과 정서발달의 장애가 주 원인이 되어 감정 통제력이 약해서 공격적 행동이나 반 사회적 행동으로 확대되어 청소년문제 발생의 원이 되고 있음을 시사하고있다. 세째로 산업화사회와 경쟁력 조장을 들 수 있다. 산업사회를 개방사회, 경재력사회 혹은 능력사회라하여 고학력위주의 선발형태가 입시경쟁을 부추기고 있으며 그에 따라 많은 청소년들과 학부모들이 상위 지향적인 심리가 작용하여 자녀들의 입시경쟁에만 집중하게 되었다. 이러한 원인으로 인하여 인간교육 즉 가정교육을 외면하여 반도덕적, 반사회적 문제를 야기하게 하였다. 특히 전통적 가정윤리가 붕괴되어 부모에 대한 효관의 약화, 부부간의 애정약화 및 물질지향적인 사고가 이혼률을 증가시켜 가정붕괴를 가져왔다. 이상에서 논의된 자녀교육의 부재가 자녀들의 지적 정서적 문제로 확대되어 산업화사회의 모순점을 노출시키고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 연구자가 제시하는 방안은 훌륭한 가정교육을 위해서 우선되어야 하는것은 부모자신의 인격적 개인완성을 제안하였다. 인격의 완성은 양심과 행동이 일체하는 사람을 지칭한다. 다음은 서로 위하여 사는 삶을 영위하는 인격체가 되어 양심의 법에 따르는 삶, 타인을 위하여 사는 삶을 자녀들에게 보여줌으로서 반두라의 모델링 교육을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 오늘날과 같은 암기위주의 경쟁교육이 아니라 타고난 잠재성 개발에 주력하는 교육으로, 적성과 소질을 개발하는 창조적 산 교육장을 마련하여 주고 또한 그것을 뒷바침하는 가정윤리교육의 회복이 무엇보다도 이 시대가 절실히 요구하는 바람직한 교육이라 하겠다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Oyster shells are a waste product from mariculture that creates a major disposal problem in coastal regions of southeast Korea. To make practical use of unused oyster shells, calcined oyster shell (COS) collected from a local company was allowed to adsorb AITC (allyl isothiocyanate), and then tested the powder's ability to inhibit the growth of some potential food borne disease-causing bacteria. COS powder showed bacteriostatic effect that inhibited cell growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium from 3 to 5 log10 CFU/mL at concentrations around 1%. The MIC of pure AITC was found as 1 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, respectively. The calcined powder adsorbed about 225 mg of AITC per gram of shell, indicating porous material was created by calcination. FTIR data confirmed the adsorption of AITC by COS. Characterization of particle data showed very fine particle size and highly convoluted surface. AITC adsorbed calcined oyster shell (ACOS) completely inhibited bacterial cell at 1% concentration. ACOS showed better antibacterial effect than COS, indicating synergistic effect of AITC and calcined oyster shell powder on bacteria.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.185-207
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• 2005

본 논문은 우리나라 청소년들의 경제교육을 좀더 효과적이며 내실 있는 교육방법을 찾는 데에 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 세계적 무한경쟁시대(無限競爭時代)에 주역이 되어야 할 우리나라 청소년들에게 어릴 때부터 체계적인 경제 지식과 마인드를 심어줌으로써 미래지향적이고 세계주도적인 인재로 성장할 수 있는 기틀을 잡아주고, 어떻게 교육하는 것이 가장 효과적이며 내실 있는 방법인가를 고찰하였다. 현재 우리나라 초 중 고에서의 경제교육에 관한 현황을 살펴보고, 실태조사를 바탕으로 경제교육의 방향과 활성화에 시사점을 두었으며, 특히 디지털 매스미디어를 중심으로 한 교육방법을 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 디지털 시대의 청소년 경제교육 방향을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년실업자의 활용이라는 측면에서 청소년경제교육을 직접 지도할 수 있는 전문가를 양성하여야 한다. 정년실업자를 청소년 경제교육에 관한 skill 교육을 통해 전문경제교육자로 양성한 후 현장에 투입하여 활용하는 방안이다. 현재 학교교육에서의 경제교육을 전문적으로 도와줄 수 있는 전문가의 부재를 청년실업자를 바탕으로 정책적, 민간기관의 지원을 바탕으로 자격증을 취득한 전문경제교육자를 현장에서 활용하는 것이다. 둘째, 청소년들의 환경에서 가장 큰 영향력을 행사하는 디지털 매스미디어를 경제교육의 도구로 활용하는 웹 활용교육(WBI)이 되어야 한다. 디지털을 이용한 경제교육의 매력은 매스미디어에 대한 청소년들의 거부감이 없다는데 있다. 그리고 웹 활용 교육(WBI)과 프로그램 개발을 통하여 인터넷과 홈페이지 그리고 다양한 경제교육과 학교 수업에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있다.식품으로서 사료의 위생적인 생산을 가져올 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 서비스에 대한 인지된 유용성과 UI의 편의성은 사용자 선호에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 정보 품질, 서비스 연계성, 흥미 성, 시스템 품질은 사용자 선호에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 정보 품질과 시스템 품질의 결과는 유의 수준에서 크게 넘어가지 않는 결과가 나와 반드시 영향을 미치지 못하는 것은 아니라고 조사되었다. 본 연구는 검색 서비스라는 특정 서비스에 대해서 사용자 선호에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 이는 학문적인 측면에서 기존의 통합적인 웹사이트 평가에 대한 연구의 확장을 가능케 하였고, 개인사용자 측면에서는 좀더 좋은 정보를 제공하는 검색 서비스에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있는 계기가 되었다고 할 수 있다. did not showed any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage or intestine lesion. So it is supposed that there is not any tocixants originated from some molds in fermented Korean domestic Meju which is prepared traditionally in winter.의 배설량은 10배 정도 증가하게 되어 진동만의 오염부하를 가중하게 된다. 진동만은 여름철 빈산소수괴 및 적조가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으므로 미더덕 양식장을 새로이 시설할 경우 오염부하가 가중될 것으로 판단되어, 앞으로 진동만의 양식장 수용능력을 파악하여 적정량의

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2016

This study mainly focused on isolation of marine algicidal bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms and characterization of algicidal activity against harmful algae. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) found naturally in surface waters have caused many environmental problems worldwide. In this study, forty bacterial strains that have capability of inhibiting harmful algal growth were isolated from Masan Bay, Jinhae Bay, Dol Island, Jangmok Bay, and the Tongyeong Sea, Republic of Korea. The bacteria were screened furthermore for the characteristics on algicidal activities against Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chattonella marina, Skeletonema costatum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Heterocapsa triquetra, Prorocentrum minimum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. As a result, the algicidal bacteria that were screened from double over layer agar and microscopic counts tests belonged to genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Ruegeria, Joostella, Marinomonas, Stakelama, Porphyrobacter, and Albirhodobacter. One of the most important HAB species is Co. polykrikoides and the strongest algicidal activity against the dinoflagellate was 94.00% after 6 h treatment with 10% bacterial culture filtrate. In this study, Marinomonas sp. M Jin 1-8, Stakelama sp. ZB Yeonmyeong 1-11 & 1-13, Porphyrobacter sp. M Yeonmyeong 2-22, and Albirhodobacter sp. 6-R Jin 6-1 were found to be as new genera of bacteria having anti-algal activity. These results suggest that these bacteria might play an important role in controlling phytoplankton blooms.