• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.583-592
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary copper levels on performance, carcass characteristics, and economical analysis in Hanwoo steers. Fifteen Hanwoo steers weighing about 300kg were randomly allotted into one of three treatments. The three treatments consisted of Control(7mg Cu/kg feed), TI(12mg Cu/kg feed) and TII(17mg Cu/kg feed). Copper was formulated with concentrate from copper sulfate($CuSO_4$) and animals were fed the diets supplemented with copper from 300kg untill about 630 kg of body weight. Dietary copper levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency during the whole feeding period. Dressing percentage, rib eye area and backfat thickness were not different between animals fed the diets supplemented with copper. Animals fed the diets supplemented with copper received the same B grade in yield grade. Animals fed the diets supplemented with copper received same marbling score. Beef color, fat color, texture and maturity were not affected by Cu supplementation in diet. Animals received the same first grade between treatments in quality grade. Animals fed the diet supplemented with 12mg of copper per kg diet was higher in profit by 13.3% than animals fed the control diet. According to these results, it may be concluded that performance, yield and quality grade were not affected by the Cu levels of 7 to 17mg per kg feed but crude income was enhanced when Hanwoo steers were fed the diet containing 12mg Cu/kg feed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to provide basic data for developing an in-service education program to improve nurses' quality. First, frequency of nursing activities and competency levels of emergency nurses according to their career ladders were compared through job analysis and then practical education programs were presented on based of the results. Method: Data were collected from 335 nurses working in emergency rooms in 31 tertiary hospitals. Data collection was done from September to November 2005 using the job analysis questionnaire. Results: There were 41 nursing activities that showed differences in frequency and 78 activities that showed differences in perceived competency level. Irrespective of emergency nurses' careers, activities that show high frequency but low competency were sputum liquefying therapy, assessment of cranial nerve function, identification of diagnostic radiology, and communication with various departments. In-service education content according to nurse's career ladders was presented by adding high frequency nursing activities and activities with low competency level even though having high frequency. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and provide in-service education programs, which consider nurses' difference in frequency and competency level for their career ladders.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.433-439
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• 2020

This study, which was designed to improve and increase the utilization of female elk, examined the possibility of collecting their embryos during the non-reproductive period using ultrasound-guided Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) technology. Once follicles in the ovaries of an elk were observed, the embryos were retrieved through the absorption of the follicles using an OPU ultrasound probe. Fifty-seven embryos were retrieved from 85 follicles, giving a retrieval rate of 67.1%. Morphological evaluation of the recovered embryos revealed 14.0% embryos to be in grade A, 19.2% in grade B, 15.7% in grade C, and 50.8% in grade D. The developmental efficiency of the retrieved embryos was also investigated using in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture. After cultivating 28 embryos through in vitro fertilization, 19 embryos were found to be fertilized; the fertilization rate was 67.9%. Four embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, indicating a 14.3% development rate. This study confirmed that the production of fertilized embryos from a seasonal breeder, such as elk, is possible via the ultrasound-guided OPU method. If the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture can be improved through further research, it will help improve the efficiency of elk embryo production through the transplantation of their fertilized embryos.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2011

In order for agencies and companies at the IT service industry to check as well as to upgrade the current status of their information security programs, this paper suggests the assessment method for information security levels. The study developed 12 assessment fields and 54 assessment items derived from domestic and foreign cases including SP800-26, SP800-53, ISMS, and ISO27001. It categorized 54 assessment items into 5 levels for determining information security levels. Also, the study presents 7 strategies for performing their efficient evaluations. The proposed method and process in this paper can be useful guidelines for improving the national information security level.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of agricultural by-product feed(persimmon-pell+barley bran+fermented rice bran+activated carbon) on calves disease, growth and carcass characteristics of Korean native steer. A total of twenty Korean native steer were allocated into four feeding group and assigned to four dietary treatments: Control(normal concentrate as a basal diet), T1(1% addition of by-product feeds), T2(3% addition of by-product feeds) and T3(5% addition of by-product feeds). The calf diarrhea was the highest at Control, while T3 was the lowest. The breath disease was the lowest at T2, occurrence with diarrhea and breath disease was the highest at Control. The daily gain was orderly ranked as T2(0.76kg)>T1(0.7kg), T3(0.70kg)>Control(0.67kg). The back fat thickness was orderly ranked as T2>T3>Control>T1, eye muscle area was orderly ranked as T3>T1>Control>T2. Grade of meat quantity was the highest at T1(2.3), but fat color, firmness and maturity tends to have a similar result. The marbling score and quality grade of T2 were the highest at 5.0 and 3.5, respectively. Based on the study, agricultural by-product feeds are able to many used for various purposes at disease reduce, increment of meat quantity and improvement of quality grade.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 유전자원인 재래산양의 체내수정란 생산기술을 확립하고자 수행하였다. 흡입법(aspiration)과 세절법(slicing)에 의해 난소 한 개당 회수된 난자의 수는 3.9개와 4.1개를 나타내어 slicing방법이 aspiration방법보다는 많은 숫자의 난자를 회수하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 회수된 난자의 등급별 분포는 aspiration방법에서 Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV의 비율이 10.3%, 20.5%, 38.5%, 30.8%를 나타내었으며, slicing법에서는 9.8%, 22.0%, 39.0%, 29.3%를 나타내어 Grade III과 Grade IV의 비율이 70% 이상을 차지하였다. 회수된 난자를 체외성숙 시킨 결과 Grade I과 Grade II에서는 85% 이상이 metaphase H (MII)까지 도달하였으나, Grade III과 Grade IV는 40% 이하의 체외성숙율을 나타내었다. 체외수정용 배양액으로 BO를 사용하였을 경우 Grade I 및 II에서 84.4%의 난분할율을 나타내어 TALP를 사용하였을 때의 58.8%보다 높은 난할율을 보였다. 또한 배양액의 종류별 체외발달율에 있어서는 상실배 및 배반포기배로의 발달은 mSOF를 배양액으로 이용하였을 경우 15.0%의 발달율을 나타내었으며, 체외배양 시 항산화물질인 glutathione (GSH)을 첨가함으로서 26.8%의 상실배 및 배반포배로의 발달율을 나타내었다.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.659-668
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of marbling scores on carcass grade factors, physico-chemical and sensory traits of Hanwoo. Data used in this study were collected from 73,316 carcasses obtained at the Nonghyup Seoul slaughterhouse in 2009 and 271 cuts of M. longissimusdorsi were analyzed to estimate beef qualities. As the marbling scores increased, backfat thickness was linearly increased (p<0.05) in cows (9.51 mm-14.69 mm) and steers (8.71 mm-14.23 mm). As the marbling scores increased, maturity of cows was increased and meat color, texture and quality grade improved for all genders. With increase of the marbling scores, crude fat contents (3.07%-26.70%), water holding capacity (52.09%-58.66%), $L^*$ value (34.08-41.97) were significantly increased (p<0.05) and Warner-Bratzler shear force was linearly decreased (p<0.05) from 8.58 kg to 2.60 kg. The increase of crude fat contents had the similar interval with the increase of marbling scores from 1 to 6 but it is sharply increased from marbling score 7. There was no difference observed on $pH_{24}$ (5.50-5.66), protein contents (19.57%-21.15%) among the marbling scores. Marbling score was significantly correlated with live weight (r=0.29) in cows, loineye area (r=0.35) in steer, and overall acceptability of panel scores (r=0.67) (p<0.01).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2006

Twenty eight Holstein steers 12 months old and weighing about 300kg were andomly allotted into one of four groups being fed ammoniated rice straw(ARS) and substituted 30%, 40% and 50% crushed bamboo chip for ARS to determine the effects of different levels of bamboo chip on performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics. Daily weight gain was reduced as the substitution levels of bamboo chip for ARS as a roughage source increased but there were no differences in daily weight gain between steers fed ARS alone and 30% bamboo chip for ARS. Concentrates intakes were not different between treatments by the substitution levels of bamboo chip for the whole fattening period. Roughage intake tended to increase as the substitution levels of bamboo chip increased. Total feed intake was not affected by the substitution levels of bamboo chip. However, feed efficiency got worse with increasing levels of bamboo chip. Animals fed the roughage substituting 30% bamboo chip for ARS were higher in profit by 13% than animals fed ARS alone as a roughage source. Digestibilities of Dry matter(DDM) and crude fiber(DCF) were highest in animals fed ARS alone as a roughage source. DDM's were lower in higher substitution levels of crushed bamboo chip but there were no differences in DCF among animals fed different levels of bamboo chip as a roughage source. Crude protein digestibility was not affected by ammoniated rice straw or by the different levels of bamboo chip. Dressing percentage and backfat thickness were not affected by ammoniated rice straw or by the levels of bamboo chip but ribeye area was narrowed as the levels of bamboo chip increased. Beef color, fat color, texture, maturity and marbling score were not affected by feeding of ammoniated rice straw or by the levels of bamboo chip. According to these results, it may be concluded that profit can increase when Holstein bulls are castrated and roughage containing ammoniated rice straw plus 30% bamboo chip is offered.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of a dietary addition of red ginseng marc, mineral^® and black sugar^® on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Holstein steers(Bos taurus). A total of 32 fattening Holstein steers(avg. BW 590kg) were assigned to four treatments which included a control diet(mixed concentrate and forage; namely, C) and three treatments diet(T1; control diet+red ginseng marc 200g, T2; control diet+red ginseng marc 100g+mineral 50g, T3; control diet+mineral 50g+ black sugar 20g). The results are summarized as follows; the total feed intake and daily feed intake were significantly(p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than in the other two treatments(C and T1). The daily gain was higher in T2 than in the other treatments, but there was no significant difference. The back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and meat yield grade were no significant difference. The marbling score showed significantly(p<0.05) higher in order of T3(4.5) > T1(4.0) > T2(2.7) > C(2.5). The meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. The quality grade was higher in T3 than in the other treatments(C, T1 and T2), but there was no significant difference. T3, which numerically had a higher daily gain and carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas C showed low economic efficiency. Based on the above results, T3 treatment compared to the other treatments improved the daily gain, carcass quality grade and economic efficiency.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.26 no.4 s.278
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• pp.85-103
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• 2006

국제원자력규제자협의회(INRA) 정식 가입/ "원자력 기술 주도국으로 부상"/ "방패장 건설 사업 착실히 추진"/ 방폐장 처분 방식 "객관적이고 투명하게"/ 인도네시아 국회의장 고리 원전 방문/ 세계 원자력 안전 전문가들 한 자리에/ 아시아 태평양 지역 17개국 원자력 협력 토의/ 국제핵융합실험로(ITER) 공동이행협정문서 최종 확정/ 한 · IAEA, 원자력방호기술 향상 방안 협의/ 울진 원전 6호기 리스크 정보 활용 정기 검사 수행/ IAEA, 국내 원전 안전 점검 협의 위해 방한/ 중국 원전 기술단 방한/ 울진 원전 총발전량 4천억kWh 돌파/ 원전 안전 관리 실태 불시 점검 결과 양호/ '핵융합연구센터' 공식 출범/ 핵융합에너지개발진흥법 제정을 위한 공청회 개최/ 제9차 한-미 안전조치 기술협력 회의 개최/ 개량핵연료 'PLUS7' 첫 상용화/ 베트남 원자력 협력 강화 워크숍 개최/ "2015년엔 세계 최우수 발전회사"/ 'APR1400'중국에 적극 홍보/ 한수원, 협력기업에 500억원 지원/ "한국 원자력 도입 경험 배우겠다"/ 방사선원 사고 대비 예방 안전 체계 구축/ "한수원 신용 등급 A+"/ 울진 6호기 '첫번째' 계획 예방 정비착수/ '2006 원자력 체험전' 개최/ 원자로 내부 이물질 감시 시스템 개발/ 월성 3호기 정비 완료, 발전 재개/ IAEA안전조치이행자문단 월성 원전 방문/ 제11회 원자력안전기술정보회의 개최/ 월성 1호기 방사능 방재 전체 훈련 실시/ (주)선바이오텍, 첫 '연구소 기업' 공식 승인/ 방사선원 안전성 향상 워크숍 개최/ 양성자 가속기 사업 본격 궤도에/ 스웨덴 프로스마르크 원전 관계자 방한/ "방폐장 유치한 성숙한 시민 의식 감탄" / "올해는 혁신을 체질화하겠다"/ KAERI, 연구윤리위원회 발족/ 2005년 지식 활동 우수 그룹 포상/