• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2022

The harbor construction projects can lead to various marine environmental problems including habitat degradation and loss, marine water pollution, change of flow patterns, erosion, scour, sedimentation, and so on. The EIA is a measure to prevent various environmental problems in advance from examining and minimizing the environmental impacts before the proposed developments are implemented. In addition, institutions reviewing EIA reports have made efforts to conduct scientific and standardized EIA by applying EIA guidelines for each project. This study aims to create a EIA guideline focusing on the harbor construction projects. Based on the review comments of the harbor construction EIA reports for the past 13 years (2009-2021) and the EIA guidelines of different types of projects, we identified the marine environmental problems and provided the appropriate guideline. This guideline summarizes and presents the contents which must be reviewed in the baseline condition survey, impact assessment, mitigation, and post-environmental impact investigation in the fields of marine fauna and flora, marine physics, and marine water and sediment quality. In the case of a baseline condition survey of marine fauna and flora, a method for selecting survey points considering the characteristics of sea area and project was presented. When estimating the impact of marine fauna and flora, we presented methods for predicting the impact on them due to the spread of suspended sediments and the damage to benthic habitats due to dredging and reclamation. In consideration of the characteristics of the sea area, we divided the survey items of the marine physics into essential items and supplementary items. In predicting the impact of marine physics, various methods for major issues such as seawater circulation, suspended sediment and bottom sediment transport, water temperature and salinity diffusion, seawater exchange, wave transformation, harbor tranquility, and shoreline change were presented. The research results will contribute to protect the marine environment by inducing more systematic and scientific surveys, impact assessments, and mitigation in the EIA process.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-59
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship between hair style and personal character. This is elucidated by using the standard model of their preferred hair style to their individual to their personality. The study is primarily centered around college woman, who reside in Young dong area. The research suggested that In the age group 19-25 subjects preferred their hair to be shoulder length or longer. This is in contrast to the older age group preferring a shorter hair style. Certainly most subjects under the age of 25 preferred their natural hair texture as opposed to permed hair fashioned by older subject. Difference is personality traits was not a factor here. There is a relationship between personality traits, personal background and whether or not subjects dyed or decolored their hair. Subjects responded "yes" which means that they are easily affected by the two factors. The response to the other question of which color they chose, if they dyed and decolored, was that the most of the cases preferred brown color because brown is a natural looking hair color. Their responses from the question "what kind of style they want, if they can change their style differently", they preferred a fashionable hair style. In most cases, individual responded that they change their hair style once in every two or three months. Of all the personality traits, 48.1% were adventurous, changingtheir hair style more than once in every 6 months. The main reason they change their hair style is that they are bored with their old style. In the under 25 age group, the cost of changing their hair style is usually paid for by the subjects parents, however a few responded that they paid for themselves. Over the age of 25 years 80% usually paid for themselves. Additionally students who supported themselves financially paid for hair restyling themselves. When changing a hair style most subjects consider that new hair style should go with their existing image. "What kind of image they want to show others？" almost all of them responded that they want to look sophisticated and fashionable, In the age group 25 and over who belong to the upper class want their hair to look healthy and a full of body. They also responded about their changing their hair style to show a different appearance positively,fferent appearance positively.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2000

The Korea's automotive industry have been achieved a remarkable growth with various original models since the first original model ‘Pony’for the 25years. Most of the design works were depended upon the designers of the other countries on the early times, but now the design work gets to have the independency with our own technology and the automobile is now one of the major exporting goods of Korea to other countries. The basic design concept of the body shape can be considered into four types, and they have their own characteristics. The period of time for the original model developement of the Korean auto makers can be thought as four periods ; introducing period, settling period, developing period and matured period are them. The models that developed on each period reflects the characteristics of the times with designers, technology and market conditions. The basic design concepts of the Korean car body show the variety but the concepts have been intergrated into the two types as the time gose by. This tendency would comes form mainly technology, but the consumers characteristics of the market would also influence as much as the technological reason. It would become more important on developing the original model with the autonomy in design concept of the body through grasping the change of formal characteristics clearly on an automobile in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.182-197
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• 1993

Algal community on the subtidal rocky zone of the South Sea of Korea was divided into two or three sequencing zones. The upper subtidal zone was characterized by the wave exposure-tolerant surf wrack(Pachymeniopsis, Gigartina), which formed dense swirling carpet. Its vertical range was from the surface to $3{\sim}5$ meters in depth, and more deeply extended in turbid waters including Sorido, Yokchido, Pijindo, Manjedo. The mid subtidal zone ranging from 5 to 25 meters in depth was characterized by a large brown algal forest (Ecklenia, Sargassum). But it was generally unrecognizable in that turbid waters, in which the vertical limit of vegetation was at most $10{\sim}15$ meters in depth. The low subtidal zone was characterized by a general lack of algal species and was not easily distinguished from the mid or sometimes from the upper zone. There was a distinct difference in abundance of vegetation between turbid waters and clear waters including Munsom, Kwantaldo, Yosodo, Hongdo, Ch'ujado. In turbid waters the vegetation was much poorer because the tubidity caused from the muddy sediment inhibited an algae to settle down and to grow up. On the basis of the phytogeographical methods using UPGMA, the 10 studied islands were classified into two groups, Munsom and the others. This floristic discontinuity between the two groups might be caused from the difference of water temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.468-480
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• 2004

It has been criticized that there are discrepancy between 'general statements' of the curriculum and subject-matter curricula. The possible reasons for this are as follows: The developers of the general statements were educational curriculum specialists. These specialists were not good enough to develop general statements and guidelines of subject matter curricula reflecting the characteristics of science contents, to examine developed science curriculum, and to give feedback to science curriculum developers. Under the present curriculum developing system where curriculum is developed in ten months or less by the research team commissioned unpredictably and imminently, it might be difficult to develop valid and precise science curriculum reflecting the purport of the general statements and teachers' needs. The inadequacy of these curriculum development processes resulted in (1) inconsistent statement about the school year to be applied to differentiated curriculum, (2) abstract and ambiguous stating about the characteristics, teaching-learning and assessment guidelines of enrichment activities, and (3) failure to reduce science contents to a reasonable level. Therefore curriculum development centers should be designated in advance to do basic research at ordinary times, and organized into a cooperative system among them. Two years or more of developing time and wider participation of scientists are recommended to develop more valid and precise science curriculum. In addition, commentaries on science curriculum should be published before textbook writing begins.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.121-141
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• 2012

This study compares and analyzes the numbers and characteristics of Korea-related subjects included in the 2008 Japanese edition of the National Diet Library Subject Headings (NDLSH) and the $2^{nd}$ edition of the Chinese Classified Thesaurus(CCT). The analysis results show that 258 subjects, approximately twice as many as 137 subjects in CCT, were found in NDLSH. There are more pure subjects that exclude the references in CCT than in NDLSH. On the other hand, much more subjects are found in NDLSH in the event that personal names, corporate headings, and subjects combined with detailed headings are included. Meanwhile, more subjects are relatively engaged in the fields of politics, diplomacy, and military in CCT because CCT is characterized by socialism and by being a pro-North Korea. Moreover, the considerable numbers of subjects reflecting North Korea's viewpoint are included in CCT. NDLSH changed only recently the names of both South and North Korea into the "Republic of Korea" and the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", respectively. On the other hand, CCT more frequently uses "Joseon" than "Korea", and the distinction between the names is unclear. CCT thoroughly supports the stance of the developed country, directly involved in the disputable subjects between two countries such as "Dokdo", "the East Sea", "Dumangang", and "Baekdusan". Both heading lists consider "Balhae" as part of Chinese history in CCT, which has ignored the position of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2020

This study was attempted to seek the garden enjoyment of the Yang Un-geo etc., in the head house(宗宅) of Namwonyang's family and Jongho in Sunchang Gumiri through literature and field research. Admirers of Jongho were "six old Taoist hermit", including Cholo(楚老) Yang Un-geo(楊雲擧, 1613-1672) and Yangjindang Haman-ri, the author of Jongho-palgyeong, who was very close friends of Yang, as well as his son-in-law or out-law. Jonghojeong Pavilion, overland rock and nearby Takyeongjeong, which were built around a stone island shaped like a helmet, and a pool along the river, are known as 'Imcheonwonrim(林泉園林)' as the center of the custom that was conducted based on head house, which is up to 2km away from Jongho. Jongho-palgyeong is found to share the characteristics of Jeongja Palgyeong, which is based on Jonghoam, overland and Takyeongjeong, and the characteristics of the town's township of Namwonyang, Gumi-ri. The number of rock letters identified by the Mansutan members is a total of nine points, which clearly indicates that the scene was a scene where the custom of call to create poetry·fishing·playing musical instruments and drinking, as well as the scenery and landscape structure of the Jongho Palgyeong. Jongho Palgyeong, its customs and surrounding rock writing are highly suggestive and valid cultural views to remind or direct the old landscape of Mansutan Jongho and suggest to modern traditional landscapes as well as the "Noblesse oblige landscape enjoyment case."

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey Korean soldiers' oral healthcare practice and attitudes along with their stress level, and thereby to identify possible correlations among those factors. The survey was conducted from June 11 to Oct. 10, 2008 in G-gun, Chungbuk. province for soldiers. The questionnaire was consisted of the oral healthcare practice and attitude, stress level. As a result, it was found that our respondents scored 3.55 out of possible 9 point in their stress level, which indicated that they had relatively low stress on the whole. According to survey on their oral healthcare practice and attitude depending on their general characteristics, it was found that the higher academic career was associated directly with the more practices of oral healthcare, and nonsmoking group showed more practices of oral healthcare than smoking group. It was found that 'schoolwork and workplace' and 'sexual problem' were critical stress factors on our respondents' oral healthcare attitudes. And it was also found that 'outward appearance complex', 'personality complex', 'conflicts with parents' and 'sexual problem' were critical stress factors on their oral healthcare practices. Since our soldiers' maintenance of their oral healthcare is beneficial to both individual and national aspects, it is necessary for interested parties including dental surgeons to make efforts to develop a promotional program for military dental healthcare project and provide a series of reorientations for soldiers, so that they can have more positive oral healthcare practices and attitudes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.536-552
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• 2008

In Korea, a variety of policies for the regional cultural industry development have been carried out: the promotion policy of cultural industry cluster, the establishment of cultural industry support center, and the construction of cultural industry complex and the supporting works for the cultural research center. The cultural industry has a dual character of the manufacturing industry and the service industry. The cultural industry of Gyeongbuk province is mostly centered upon small manufacturing firms with low value-added. Thus, it is desperately in need of the building-up of the enterprise supporting system. However, it is difficult to expect that private business service finns can be activated. In this sense, local and regional governments seek to establish so called 'the cultural contents support center'. However, it is not clear whether the center is an organization for the production of cultural contents or an agency for the support of cultural contents industry. Also it does not prepare any major functional introduction facilities and performing programs. Most of all, it is necessary to establish a proper orientation that 'the cultural contents support center' must be not an organization for the direct production of cultural contents, but an organization supporting cultural industry by way of providing cultural industry enterprises with what is necessary for the production of cultural contents. Also, a system for the establishment of business fitting support policy that can cover the whole sectors of cultural industry must be prepared. Furthermore, a synthetic support system for the cultural business associated industries centered on specified sectors such as films, edutainment, and storytelling must be constructed. Finally an environment for the creation and inducement of cultural industry enterprises, and for the active participation of enterprises and related groups in the promotion planning and in the policies of cultural industry must be built along with on- and off-line networks.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.291-307
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• 2018

As the value of lifelong learning becomes important, states are making efforts to build a system of lifelong learning. According to this tendency, this paper intends to compare the participation rate of lifelong learning, learning outcomes, learning support infrastructure, support of learning expenses, and recognition of lifelong learning. For the comparative pedagogical approach, Bray and Thomas' cubes such as geographical / regional level, non - geographical demographic statistics, social and educational aspects were utilized. The participation rate of lifelong learning in Korea is 34.4% in 2017, which is lower than the OECD average of 46%. The competency scores of Korean adults were lower than the OECD national averages of the PIAAC survey which measured adult competence, language ability, numeracy, and computer-based problem solving ability. In order to recognize prior learning, EU countries have developed EQFs to evaluate all non-formal and informal learning outcomes, while Korea recognizes qualification as a credit banking credit under the academic credit banking system. International comparisons of lifelong learning can be used as an important tool for diagnosing the actual conditions of lifelong learning in a country and establishing future lifelong learning policies. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain that the comparative pedagogical approach of lifelong learning differs according to the historical context, socioeconomic characteristics, and population dynamics, including the formation process and characteristics of modern countries.