• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.557-563
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• 2011

Platycodon grandiflorum (Korean name, Doraji) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine as an expectorant for pulmonary disease and a remedy for respiratory disorders in Asia. Here, we investigated the effects of BtOH extract saponin fraction of P. gradiflourm (PGS) on phagocytosis and anti-tumor activity with related cytokine productions in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that PGS increased phagocytosis, anti-tumor activity, TNF-${\alpha}$ and nitric oxide (NO) production without direct tumor cell cytotoxicity. To further investigate whether NO is involved in anti-tumor and phagocytic activities of PGS, cells were co-treated with specific iNOS inhibitors, L-NIL (N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine, dihydrochloride), to block NO production. PGS decreased anti-tumor activity in L-NIL-treated cells, whereas phagocytic activity was not inhibited under the same conditions, indicating that the anti-tumor activity by PGS appears to be conducted by NO. These findings suggest that P. grandiflorum could be used a potential nutrition therapeutic agent for cancer patients.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.37
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• pp.377-417
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• 2007

This study examines some cognitive development effects of mass media while testing the relations between mass media consumption and academic achievement and intelligence. In this research, students' television, newspaper, and internet consumption behaviors are used as independent variables which include motivations and magnitude of various content categories' and total consumption of those media. Dependent variables are school courses' test scores and eight intelligence scores based on Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory. It was found that media consumption magnitudes of various content categories have the most strong effects on those dependent variables. Each of various media consumption behaviors are found to have different effects according to which variable is dependent. For example, total internet consumption have positive effects on logical-mathematical intelligence but negative effects school achievements. Internet game sight have positive effects on logical-mathematical intelligence but negative effects on musical intelligence. It may be concluded that cognitive development is dependent mainly on what media contents students consume. Media consumption behaviors may have positive effects on some kinds of cognitive development and negative effects on other kinds. In other words, television or internet may have positive effects on academic achievement or intelligence contrary to popular thinking.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.253-280
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• 2015

This study reconsiders the concept of publicness by raising a question about the problems which the recent marketization of social services in South Korea. The existing perspective on publicness, however, is insufficient to account for the entire Long-term care market because only public organizations have publicness. Accordingly, this study presents 'integrated publicness', particularly 'dimensional publicness' and 'normative publicness'. A disproportional stratified sampling procedure was used to consider ownership. A merged dataset combining surveys from 248 Long-term Care facilities and on-line resources was used and analyzed by multiple regression, negative binomial regression and multiple imputation analysis. The analysis results suggest as follows. First, ownership publicness appeared more effective in the overall. Second, the regulations on the government funding did not show effective, and the regulation on evaluation system showed the effect. Third, professionalization of normative publicness showed a negative effect on service structure and showed a positive effect on service process. Lastly, user of free services whose public accountability was identified to be effective on service structure and outcome. These findings suggest that not only existing ownership but also dimensional publicness and normative publicness showed an effect on service quality. In this respect, this is important as the performance produced by empirical models of integrated publicness, in this situation that the outcome of marketization is insignificant.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.45-62
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• 2015

Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO hereafter) can be described as firm level entrepreneurial tendencies. Initially Miller(1983) clarifies the construct of EO, and defines an "entrepreneurial firm as one that engages in product marketing innovation, undertakes somewhat risky ventures, and is first to come up with proactive innovations, beating competitors to the punch". After Miller (1983), Covin & Slevin(1989) adopted EO as a uni-dimensional construct, and insisted that these three dimensions can be combined into a single scale. Since Covin & Slevin(1991), researchers including Lumpkin & Dess(1996) have explored the usefulness of EO. However not many attempts have been tried to summarize the results of previous empirical researches, and to suggest future research directions. To examine and find implications, current study classified the effects of EO as 1) main and mediating effects, 2) moderating effect, 3) other effects, and provide theoretical and empirical validation of EO, which suggested by Miller(2011). After analyzing research results published in major international and Korean journals in each research domain, current paper summarizes and evaluates previous research results, and then suggests research directions for the future. In doing so, we hope to provide some theoretical and practical insight for management of small and medium sized firms.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.81-107
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• 2020

This study reviews Bandura's vicarious reinforcement in observational learning process and implies this concept into Christian education in terms of spiritual role modeling. The first part of this study answers three questions: "what is vicarious reinforcement?" "how does vicarious reinforcement take place in observational learning?" and "how does vicarious reinforcement affect observer's behavior change?" Bandura conceptualizes the learning process with observational learning and imitative or non-imitative performance. Based on this concept, Bandura define the roles of vicarious reinforcement in the four steps of observational learning process: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivational process. Also, the three effects of vicarious reinforcements are explained in the following categories: the observational learning effect, inhibitory or disinhibitory effects, and eliciting effect. Adapting the structure of observational learning theory in terms of the effect of vicarious reinforcement and the function of role models, the second part of this study examines the biblical concept of imitation of Christ and the modeling strategy of discipleship. Especially Paul's spiritual role model serves as positive vicarious reinforcement for the Christian believers to perform the desired behaviors. Also, Paul's condemnation serves as explicit negative vicarious reinforcement. Then, the last part of this study covers the implication of these findings from observational learning and empirical studies in terms of spiritual role modeling to Christian education.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.87-106
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• 2015

In this study, the special guard duties and duties within the Organization of communication influence on immersed in the interpersonal skills to discover the effects of the parameters of the educational facilities in the airport traffic facilities, and anything that increases the special guards, September 20-target 2015 2015 October 20 poll. The study compared the results of analysis are as follows. Analyze the effect of model parameter, interpersonal skills are also satisfied with the saturated model, duties (duty immersion) interpersonal skills for the parameters of the effect analysis when you look at the results, the higher the level of communication and interpersonal relationships and job satisfaction, but also high level of (job immersive) interpersonal communication in interpersonal relationships, higher levels are high. SMC, job satisfaction, job commitment 23.9% 7.2%, 19.3% of interpersonal relationships. In addition, the duties of immersive interpersonal skills for the parameters of the effect the results of the analysis of communication and its impact on job satisfaction (duty of immersion) in interpersonal work parameters can verify that it exists. Communication on direct interpersonal relationships, keep in mind that the statistical effect also appeared. If you look at the overall results of this study, special communication organization of job satisfaction and security guard job influence on interpersonal skills immersed the parameters of the effect.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2021

Because of self-enhancement motives, when involved in social comparison, many people generally value things that are related to themselves, with the representative example being possessions, which is known as the endowment (ownership) effect. However, there are times when someone else's possessions appear to be better than our own, even if they are the same things, which is known as the endowment effect reversal. The purpose of this study was to explore the moderating variable that regulates the endowment effect and the endowment effect reversal by confirming whether the value estimation of others' belongings differed through a regulatory focus as it was surmised that the regulatory focus would moderate the endowment effect of the self versus the others' ownership. Foreign participants were shown the currency of a country they were unfamiliar with and asked to estimate the value in their home country currency. It was found that when people thought the money was their own, people with a promotion focus estimated the value to be higher than people with a prevention focus. However, when they thought it was someone else's money, the regulatory focus moderating effect was not found to be significant, which suggested that the endowment effect may be strengthened or eliminated depending on the individual's regulatory focus. Based on these study results, the implications, limitations, and suggestions for follow-up studies are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2007

지식 발견 (knowledge discovery)의 관점에서, 단기간 동안 취득된 데이터 패턴을 학습하고자 하는 경우 데이터에 비일관적인(inconsistent) 패턴이 포함되어 있다면 확률적 퍼지 룰(probabilistic fuzzy rule) 기반의 지식 표현 방법 및 적절한 학습 알고리즘을 이용하여 효과적으로 다룰 수 있다. 하지만 장기간 동안 지속적으로 얻어진 데이터 패턴을 다루고자 하는 경우, 데이터가 시변(time-varying) 특성을 가지고 있으면 기존에 추출된 지식을 변화된 데이터에 활용하기 어렵게 된다. 때문에 이러한 데이터를 다루는 학습 시스템에는 패턴의 변화에 맞추어 갈 수 있는 지속적인 적응력(adaptivity)이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 적응성의 측면을 고려하여 평생 학습(life-long learning)의 관점 에 서 확률적 퍼지 룰 기반의 학습 시스템에 적용될 수 있는 두 가지 형태의 적응 방법에 대해서 설명하도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1888-1890
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• 2004

현대사회에 들어서면서, 전력수요의 중가와 전력기기산업의 고집적화에 따라 사고시에 발생하는 파급효과가 대형화되는 추세에 있다. 따라서 이를 미연에 방지하기 위한 연구가 각 분야에 걸쳐 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이에 당사에서는 초고압 계통에서 사용되는 SF6가스 절연 GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear) 및 Oil-Transformer에서의 부분방전 측정/분석을 위하여 UHF/AE를 이용한 on-line/portable 측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발/상용화 되어 field에서 사용되고 있는 시스템의 전반에 대하여 설명한다. 또한 철재 선진사와 공동 진행중인 Risk Assessment에 대하여 언급하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2003

요오드화 아연과 수소화 요오드에 의해 개시되는 비닐에테르류 단량체의 양이온 리빙 중합이 보고$^{(1)}$ 된 이래 리빙 중합 개시계에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구자들은 광양이온중합 개시제인 요오드화 디페닐요드늄과 할로젠화 아연 존재 하에서 비닐에테르 단량체의 광양이온중합을 실시하여 비극성 용매 하에서 연쇄이동이나 정지반응이 존재하지 않는 리빙중합을 보고한$^{(2-4)}$ 바 있는데 이 중합에서 비닐에테르 단량체와 프로톤산에 의하여 생성된 단량체 adduct의 C-I 결합이 안정한 공유결합을 형성하나 요오드화아연에 의해 C-I 결합의 분극화되어 활성화됨으로서 개시와 성장반응이 가능한 것으로 설명되었다. (중략)