• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the recognition of the validity of the design changes that classified the type of design changes that occurred in the Apartment Complex Landscaping Planting Construction that have been ordered in 'A' work. This research was also carried out for the purpose of presentation of the basic data in order to effectively manage the change order of landscape-planting construction's future work. The following conclusions were derived. First, the 7 types of change orders in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to lack of field study', 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes due to consideration of the workability', 'the design changes for ease of maintenance', and the 'design changes due to the relationship with the Engineering species of other.' Second, it is possible to produce a negative impact of all construction costs have increased due to design changes of landscaping planting construction is grasped. Third, There were the most frequent change order in planting design for the 'image improving', 'due to the mismatch of planting design to the site situation.' Fourth, the results of confirmatory targeting professional landscaping areas, was found that the statistics of the type of change landscaping planting construction design seven derived in this study is valid.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

This study analyzes the validity of the type classification of the type and design changes of apartment landscaping planting construction design changes that were completed in the private sector, efficiently manages the design changes that are displayed over landscaping planting work in general in the future, and performs research by placing the object underlying the presentation. The results are as follows. First, the percentage that occurred in the planting construction of design changes that have occurred in the apartment landscaping construction was carried out in the private sector and accounted for 61.8%. This indicates that part of the planting is a major design change. Second, as the cause of such a design change to be those associated with the field conditions such as lack of main construction period. In particular, due to a change in oral, appeared 7-48 times design changes of one review design change approval is complex, design changes of planting construction had shown a feature that occurs in multiple simultaneous. Third, the 7 types of Design Changes in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes for ease of maintenance', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to the relationship with the engineering species of other', 'design changes due to lack of field study', and 'design changes due to the consideration of feasibility.' Fourth, 'design changes for consideration of the user' and 'design changes for image improvement' were found in more than half of the frequency of the overall changes. This differed from the results shown in public corporations. Fifth, if planting construction design change process, private companies, it was found that is showing the approval of the practice after the previous construction of the construction cost savings due to construction time. However, in the case of a public corporation, these exhibited a different aspect from the private sector and show a design change procedure that reflects the changes after the design change events in the field have occurred. The above results, the type of landscaping works in planting design change of public enterprises, regardless of the private sector, is the same in the seven types, the main reason of and procedures for design changes, indicating that there are other respects. In design change, it may be desirable to apply becomes liquidity rationality and efficiency of the dimension, depending on the nature of the landscape construction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.363-369
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• 2008

Change is inevitable and is a reality of construction projects. Change adjustment includes the cost associated with materials, labor, etc. However, the actions of a contractor can cause a loss of productivity and furthermore can result in disruption of the whole project because of a cumulative or ripple effect. Because of its complicated nature, it becomes a complex issue to determine the cumulative impact (ripple effect) caused by single or multiple change orders. Furthermore, owners and contractors do not always agree on the adjusted contract price for the cumulative impact of the changes. What is needed is a reliable method to identify and quantify the loss of productivity caused by cumulative impact of change orders. This study survey the change orders data in domestic area for public construction and analyze to quantify change order impact. This study developed concepts of "%CO", "%Delta", "%T" to capture change order effect on project and search the relationships between them. Finally, this study find strong relationship between change order and loss.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

A government agency has been announced to increase 23,663 hundred million wons by cost of design change which occurred in the pre-construction and construction phase. As design change is a phenomenon to occur by means of a characteristic of the building design that standardization is difficult, even if it is said that a perfect design is done in design phase, design change is prevented, and it is going to decrease, and there is a limit. Because there are some causes in all of the construction project, it is change order of client, relative system, unfit design and field condition, etc. In this study, we are suggested logic and basic model of the decision making support process model that it should selecting the optimal alternative through complex and quantitative analyzed: that is cost, performance and constructability as respect Owner or CMr is executing project under the CM delivery system construction project which it occurred design change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.246-249
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• 2003

we classified major changes into changes based on design deficiency, changes based on the different conditions between job site and contract documents, and changes based on the Owner's need. Then we compare and analyzed applicable regulations for supervision and work performance status at the site, and elicit problems of supervision performance based on mutual contradiction in regulations, bringing up a similar example. Based on the above, we brought up a way of improvement for the elicited problem, comparing and analyzing the laws/contract provisions/instructions related with the changes and the work performance at the jobsite, and verified through interviews with professionals of various fields for the improvement. Finally this study could elicit a way of improvement in the supervision work in conjunction with changes in civil works.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2009

In the wake of categorizing the design changes occurred during the period from 2004 till the first half of 2006 in Choongcheong province area, based on purpose and reason of design changes identified by the Korea National Housing Corp, it included 11 types such as the image of the apartment complex, scenic elements, consideration by the user, prevention of the defect, constructability, site conditions, incompatibility between the activities, superordinate standard, prevention of civic complaints, design details and others, along with 47 subordinate elements. And the evaluation intended to identify the corelation between the number and time of design change approval, frequency and scale of design change by type and the cost variations indicated that; firstly, enhancing the image of the apartment complex proved to be the main reason for design changes, accounting for 22% in terms of frequency and 54.9% in terms of cost variation. Secondly, the higher the increase in cost by design change aimed at improving the image of the complex, the lower the decrease in cost by design change for uncertain reasons, dubbed the inverse proportional relations, indicating that the design changes for uncertain reasons were mostly aimed at reducing the construction cost. Thirdly, with regard to the number of design change approval and the time of the initial approval, twice or less and 90 days or less before completion of the construction work, respectively, accounted for $52{\sim}53%$, indicating the design change deliberation and approval tended to have been carried out collectively in the form of ex post facto approval, which seemed to be attributable to the attempt of reducing the construction cost or budget problem, as a result of comparing with the cases in which the cost was reduced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.9-11
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 공간 데이터가 여러 서버에 분산 저장되어 있을 때, 여러 클라이언트에서 동시에 변경 작업을 수행하기 위한 미들웨어 컴포넌트를 설계한다. OpenGIS 구현 명세에는 변경을 위한 미들웨어 인터페이스가 정의되어 있지 않다. OLE DB 데이터 제공자의 변경 인터페이스 사용을 고려 할 수 있으나, 공간 관련성을 가지는 공간 객체의 특징을 반영하고 협동 작업을 통한 동시성 지원을 위해서는 새로운 인터페이스의 설계가 필요하다. 왜냐하면, 기존의 프로토콜을 이용한 인터페이스 구현으로는 클라이언트가 미들웨어를 통해서 분산된 공간 데이터에 대한 변경 작업 수행이 어렵기 때문이다. 본 논문은 분산된 공간 데이터 변경을 위한 인터페이스를 가진 서비스 제공가작 미들웨어를 통한 분산 공간 데이터 변경 프로토콜을 설계하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 즉, 분산된 공간 데이터의 확장 잠금 기법을 통한 일관성 제어와 협동 변경 트랜잭션에 대한 인터페이스를 정의하고, 분산 환경을 고려한 변경 프로토콜을 설계한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.64-69
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• 1998

KALMER 우라늄 금속핵연료노심의 평형주기에 대하여 주기길이, 농측도, 중식비의 관점에서 설계인자 변경에 따른 변화를 분석하였다. 유효노심높이, 반경방향 블랑캣의 batch수, 개스팽창모듈(GEM)의 적용성, 노용기내핵 연료저장(IVS)의 사용. 핵연료핀의 직경 증가 둥에 대한 설계 변경이 고려되었다. 본 연구결과를 통하여, 평탄화된 출력분포 및 핵연료의 이용도 향상을 기하면서 설계변경이 타 분야에 미치는 영향을 최소화하고 본래 KALMER의 안전성을 유지하고자 핵연료핀의 직경을 증가시킨 fat pellet 설계방안을 채택하였다

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

인터페이스 시스템은 많은 장치들을 빈번히 제어하고, 비동기적으로 사건의 입력 스트림을 보내야 하며, 사용자의 행동과 시스템 반응 사이에 지체감이 없도록 보장해야 한다는 요구 사항을 만족해야 하는 특징이 있다. 결과적으로 인터페이스 시스템은 빈번한 기능 추가 또는 변경에 의한 수정 때문에 자주 프로토타입으로 만들어지고 반복적으로 수정되어져야한다. 본 논문은 제조공정의 설계 자동화 시스템인 GDS(Grating automatic Drawing System)를 계발함에 있어서 인터페이스 시스템 설계 및 구현 과정에서 있을 수 있는 설계 변경 및 이에 따른 다른 변경 요인들을 정확하게 파악하고, 구현상의 변경으로 인한 전체 시스템의 영향 등을 체계적으로 정립한 소프트웨어 설계 방법론을 적용함으로 해서 소프트웨어 설계 시 또는 설계 변경 후 인터페이스 시스템의 중요한 동적 특성을 미리 파악할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1760-1761
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• 2011

원자력발전기술원은 발전정지 관련계통 제어케비넷 내에 장착된 제어용 기기들의 다중화 설계변경 활동을 지원하고 관련 기기의 배선상태 등의 육안점검을 통해 취약성 여부를 최종 확인하기 위하여 국내 Westinghouse형 원전 계측제어 케비넷 점검을 수행하였다. 또한 관련 설계변경에 대한 신뢰도평가 기술지원도 함께 수행하여 해당 설계변경이 설비의 신뢰도 향상에 효과가 있는지를 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 원자로냉각재펌프(RCP, Reactor Coolant Pump) 제어 채널의 다중화 개선에 대하여 설계변경 전후의 기기 배열 변화에 따른 계통 신뢰도 변화를 대표유형 기기의 고장률에 근거하여 분석하였다. 고장수목을 이용하여 설계변경 전후의 RCP 고장정지로 인한 발전정지를 유발하는 고장조합을 도출하고, 고장정지 확률 변화를 정량화 하였다. 또한 기기 보호 측면에서 펌프 보호를 위한 신호를 출력하지 못하는 경우를 정량화하여 이를 비교하였다.