• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1983

The biochemical nature of the protein constituents of six year old fresh Panax ginseng root was studied. Total protein constituents were extracted with phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, ionic strength of 0.1 and fractionated by ultrafiltration using four different membranes which cut down the materials of molecular weight of 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000, respectively. Each fraction was subjected to ion exchange chromatography using DEAE - cellulose to isolate component proteins. The protein fraction larger than molecular weight of 10,000 was refractionated by the method of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The electrophoresis of the refractionated protein constituents was performed. The amino acid composition of the protein constituents was determined by gas- liquid chromatography. From the results, it could be summarized that eleven different protein constituents smaller than molecular weight of 10,000 were isolated from the fresh Panax ginseng root. At least eleven different protein constituents larger than molecular weight of 10,000 were identified from the electrophoretic patterns. These protein costituents seem to be compounded of all or some of five different subunits.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2023

The human brain constantly emits electrical impulses, which is called brain waves, and brain waves can be defined as the electrical activity of the brain generated by the flow of ions generated by the biochemical interaction of brain cells. There is a study that emotion is one of the factors that can cause stress. Brain waves are the most used in the study of emotions. This paper is a study on whether emotions affect stress, and showed two images of fear and joy to four experimenters and divided them into three stages before, during, and after watching. As a measurement tool, brain waves at the positions of Fp1 and Fp2 were measured using the NeuroBrain System, a system that can automate brain wave measurement, analysis, brain wave reinforcement, and suppression training with remote control. After obtaining the brain wave data for each emotion, the average value was calculated and the study was conducted. As for the frequency related to stress, the values of Alpha and SMR, Low Beta, and High Beta were analyzed. Brainwave analysis affects stress depending on the emotional state, and "fear" emotions cause anxiety by raising Beta levels, resulting in higher Mind Stress levels, while "joy" emotions lower Beta levels, resulting in a significant drop in Mind Stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

Lysine is the first limiting essential amino acid in cereals for humans and monogastric animals, although its content is generally low. A chemically induced high-lysine barley mutant, M98, has an agronomically undesirable shrunken endosperm trait. In order to obtain detailed insight into the atypical traits of M98 grains, we characterized amino acid composition and protein profiles of M98 and its parent cultivar Chalssalbori. Among a total of 16 amino acids, the percentage of each of the 7 amino acids, including lysine, was 1.2~1.8 times higher in M98, comparing to Chalssalbori. The percentage of proline and its precursor, glutamic acid, in M98 was about the half of that of the amino acids in Chalssalbori, but arginine synthesized from glutamic acid was 1.8 times higher in M98, compared that in the parent cultivar. Theses results indicated that the mutation in M98 grains might alter the proportion of amino acids linked to each other in a biosynthetic pathway. A comparison of grain proteome profiles between Chalssalbori and M98 revealed 70 differentially expressed protein spots, where 45 protein spots were up-regulated and 25 protein spots down-regulated in M98 compared to those in Chalssalbori. Of these changed protein spots, 53 were identified using nano-electrospray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Most of these identified proteins were involved in various biological processes. In particular, 28 protein spots such as ${\beta}$-amylase, serpins and B3-hordein were identified as proteins associated with the atypical traits of M98. It was thought that a genetic study on the unique protein profile of M98 would be needed to develop an agronomically feasible barley cultivar with high-lysine trait.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.130-139
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of heat stress on the performance and blood characteristics in commercial pig farms. A total of 180 growing pigs and 180 finishing pigs were assigned to two treatments consisting of thermal-neutral period(TNP) and high-temperature period(HTP) with three replications in floor pen, respectively. Feeding trials in the TNP and HTP were individually performed in autumn and summer seasons, respectively. Temperature-humidity index(THI) was calculated by temperature and humidity. Performance and physiological responses were identified per growth stages and feeding trial. Average temperature and THI were $16.8^{\circ}C$ and 61.4 at the TNP, and $25^{\circ}C$ and 74.3 at the HTP, respectively. Growing pigs in HTP exhibited lower BW, ADG and ADFI than in TNP(p<0.01). Similarly, finishing pigs showed lower growth parameters in HTP than in TNP(p<0.01). Lymphocytes and neutrophils of growing pigs were lower in HTP than in TNP(p<0.05). The serum T-PRO and NEFA in finishing pigs were higher in HTP than in TNP(p<0.05). In HTP, finishing pigs had higher cortisol levels than in TNP. Therefore, HTP can negatively influence growth performance and nutritional metabolism in pigs. Our results may provide useful information for developing feeding programs and diets to control heat stress for swine farms.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.539-554
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• 2002

To identify the trend of pediatric dentistry in USA and Japan, closely related to Korean pediatric dentistry. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry(JJPD) and The Journal of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(PD) were reviewed. We collected the bibliographical data of the articles published in the two journals from 1991 to 2000. We analyzed thematic distributions and chronological changes, and then compare those of two groups. The following results were obtained: 1. The 869 articles were published in JJPD and 672 in PD. This was about 30% more in JJPD. 2. In both JJPD and PD, the case reports were a quarter of scientific articles in quantity. 3. The studies on the systemic diseases had the highest proportion in both JJPD and PD. The studies on the dental caries and restorative materials also had high proportion in both journals. 4. The studies on the sedation and biochemical survey had high proportion in PD when had low proportion in JJPD. To the contrary, The studies on the behavior science in JJPD were about double of those in PD. 5. There was no statistically significant difference in quantity between JJPD and PD in the studies on the dental caries, prevention of dental caries, community dental survey, conservative treatment, restorative materials, pulp treatment, diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion, oral pathology and minor surgery, local anesthesia and nerve tissue, traumatic injuries. 6. There was statistically significant increase in the studies on the dental equipment in JJPD and in those on restorative materials in PD. 7. There was statistically significant decrease in the studies on the prevention of dental caries and local anesthesia and nerve tissue in JJPD, and those on conservative treatment in PD.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1967

1. Within experimental chromatin, the total protein: DNA ratio did not vary in the same organs of control and irradiated rats. However, the amount of RNA and total protein associated with the DNA varied considerably among the different types of chromatin. In particular, the content of chromatin was the highest in the irradiated tissue, and the lowest in the chromatin control tissue. RNA and total protein ratio of chromatins from brain, liver, testis and spleen declined with experimental organs. 2. There was the same quantitative relationship between the amount of RNA and the amount histone-protein associated with DNA in each chromatin. 3. RNA:DNA ratio of chromatin showed a $1.5{\sim}2$ times increase in the irradiated organs except brain. However, RNA:DNA ratio was decreased in chromatin by irradiation. 4. Histone-protein:Residual protein ratio was greatly varied among the organs. However, the effect was not found by irradiation. 5. Priming activity of chromatins showed a higher value in testis and the activity was greater in organs with higher metabolic activity. 6. Inhibition of Actinomycin D observable in chromatin for testis, liver, spleen and brain declined without relationship between irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Ammonium sulfate in DNA of chromatin from histone showed increased priming activity with dissociation by Electrostatics. It may give different effect of ammonium sulfate on stimulation by property of chromatins. 7. It is suggested that the results support a proposal that the higher sensitivity of radioactive in testis, spleen by irradiated showed a increase and decrease lower-sensitivity of radioactive from brain, liver than did priming activity under the radioactive conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 1992

The fragile X syndrome, which is considered to be synonymous with the Martin-Bell syndrome, is a relatively common form of X-linked mental retardation. The syndrome seems to occure in many different ethnic groups and its prevalence among mentally retarded males has been estimated to be in the order of 2 to 6%. The karyotypic hallmark of the syndrome is made up with a pronounced constriction near each tip of the long arm of the X chromosome(fragile site), shown in vitro only under conditions in which thymidylate production is blocked(lowered folate levels). Special culture media are needed to demonstrate this constriction site. Major clinical features associated with the syndrome include macroorchidism, large or prominent ears, significant emotional and behavioral dysfunctions such as hyperactivity, self-injury, lack of eye contact and social interaction, schizophrenia, autism, etc., and speech and language dysfunctions ranging from nonverbal to verbal speech with moderate to severe expressive language delays. Some have minor clinical features in common such as an increase in birth weight high forehead, prognathism, increased head circumference in infancy and childhood which did not persist into adult life. The recent research findings have shown that the fragile X syndrome is associated with infantile autism. Many patients with the fragile X syndrome fulfill the diagnostic criteria for infantile autism. Therefore it is recommendable that any patient with developmental delays and autism or autistic manifestations should have a chromosomal analysis, including fragile X examination. In the present review, historical aspects, incidence, and clinical features are presented. Recent anecdotal reports of the association with autism and the clinical improvement following high dose folic acid treatment will be discussed.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-30
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the format and effects of lifestyle intervention provided to community dwelling older adults. This systematic review was written following the PRISMA guideline. Methods : The National Digital Science Library(NDSL), RISS, PubMed, and CINAHL were used to search for articles published from January 2008 to December 2017. In total, 20 articles were selected for the analysis and the risk of bias was screened through the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Lifestyle interventions in the articles were classified according to the disease of the participants. Results : Major contents of the lifestyle interventions were increased physical activity like moderately intensive exercise and education or training to help participants have a healthy diet. Of the 20 articles, 17 included more than 2 types of contents. Examining biochemical factors was the most common measurement among the multifaceted measurements used to assess the effects of lifestyle interventions. The results of the lifestyle interventions described in each article did not indicate congruent effects. 14 of the 20 articles reported the lifestyle interventions had significant effects. Conclusions : The results of this study could help practitioners select the contents of and provide lifestyle interventions to older adults. Further study on the various applications of lifestyle interventions in a community setting is necessary.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.120-128
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• 2002

To investigate differences between the metabolic ratios of normal controls and brain tumors such as astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GM) by proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) at 37 high field system. Using 3T MRI/MRS system, localized water-suppressed single-voxel technique in patients with brain tumors was employed to evaluate spectra with peaks of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) and lactate. On the basis of Cr, these peak areas were quantificated as a relative ratio. The variation of metabolites measurements of the designated region in 10 normal volunteers was less than 10%. Normal ranges of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios were 1.67$\pm$018 and 1.16$\pm$0.15, respectively. NAA/Cr ratio of all tumor tissues was significantly lower than that of the normal tissues (P=0.005). Cho/Cr ratio of glioblastoma multiforme was significantly higher than that of astrocytomas (P=0.001). Lactate was observed in all tumor cases. The present study demonstrated that the neuronal degradation or loss was observed in all tumor tissues. Higher grade of brain tumors was correlated with higher Cho/Cr ratio, indicating a significant dependence of Cho levels on malignancy of gliomas. This results suggest that clinical proton MR spectroscopy could be useful to predict tumor malignancy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1421-1428
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• 2000

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the sequential metabolic changes in experimental hydrocephalus and the clinical applicability to the diagnosis and prognosis of hydrocephalus using proton MR spectroscopy. Methods : Hydrocephalus was experimentally induced in 30 cats(2-3kg body weight) by injecting 1ml of sterile kaolin suspension(250mg/ml) into the cisterna magna. Proton MRS was performed with a 1.5 T MRI/MRS unit (Vision Plus, Siemens) at pre-treatment and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the kaolin injection. PRESS(TR/TE＝1500/270msec) technique was employed. The major metabolites which include N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine(Cr), choline(Cho), and lactate(Lac) were quantitatively analyzed and the relative concentrations ratios were evaluated. Multislice $T_2$-weighted images were also obtained using fast spin echo sequence(TR/TE＝ 2500/96msec) to monitor the morphologic changes along with progression of hydrocephalus. Results : Hydrocephalus was successfully induced in all 30 cats. Twenty five cats died within 3 days and one at the end of the second week. In all animals, the NAA/Cr ratios initially decreased during the acute stage. In 4 surviving cats, the NAA/Cr ratios initially decreased during the acute stage(<14 days) and then gradually increased to the prekaolin level as follows : pre-kaolin($1.49{\pm}0.04$), day 1($1.11{\pm}0.07$), day 7($1.17{\pm}0.04$), day 14($1.40{\pm}0.03$), day 21 ($1.46{\pm}0.06$), day 28($1.43{\pm}0.03$). These levels were relatively well correlated with the symptomatologic improvement. Lactate peak, which reflects the evidence of ischemia, did not appear throughout the entire period except in one case which expired at the end of the second week. Conclusions : The NAA/Cr ratio of the sequential proton MRS in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic cats reflects a metabolic aspect of the hydrocephalus at each stage. A decreased NAA level at the early stage is from both neuronal and axonal damage which may provide diagnostic information in the acute stage of hydrocephalus. In addition, the initial fall of NAA/Cr ratio and recovery in the late stage, when no lactate peak emerges, may suggest that the main insult of the parenchyma is not to the neuron itself but to the axon, which may be related to a good prognosis. However, emergence of the lactate peak and unrecoverable NAA/Cr at the end of the acute phase may be a poor prognostic factor. In the chronic stage, recovery of NAA/Cr ratio may provide a diagnostic clue for the differentiation between hydrocephalus and cortical atrophy.