• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

We investigated growth response and variation of ecological niche breadth of Hibiscus hamabo according to light, moisture and nutrient when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. H. hamabo was cultivated in experimental condition in the greenhouse that are divided by control(ambient condition) and treatment(elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature). Light, moisture and nutrient gradients were treated within the control and the treatment. Although H. hamabo prefers higher light intensity(up to L3) to lowers', Hamabo mallow doesn't like excessive light intensity($787{\pm}77.76{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Also, H. hamabo was difficult to grow in absent nutrient(0%) and excessive nutrient(20%). However, there was no trend with moisture gradients. The death rate of H. hamabo in the treatment was higher in all gradients except for the highest light intensity condition than control. It means that range of tolerance about light is narrowed when concentration of $CO_2$ gas and temperature is elevated. There was no trend of death rate according to moisture gradient, comparing between control and treatment. The death rate in all nutrient gradients within the treatment is lower than the controls'. It means that range of tolerance about nutrient is widened. The ecological niche breadth of H. hamabo in the treatment was narrower as 30.1% in light gradients but wider as 8.6% in moisture gradients and 30% in nutrient gradients than in the control. In the conclusion, when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, growth of H. hamabo would be restricted by light intensity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2023

This study measured the ecological niche overlap between two deciduous oak species(Quercus acutissmia and Q. dentata) according to the change in growth responses after treating with the moisture and nutrient contents of the soil at four gradients, and interpreted the degree of competition between the two oak species by ordination method. In the moisture environment gradient, the ecological niche overlap of the two species was high in the photosynthesis-related leaf organs and low in plant architecture such as shoot length. In addition, in case of competition between two oaks, Q. dentata was remarkably dominant in soil moisture gradient, but Q. acutissimia slightly was slightly advantageous over Q. dentata in the soil nutrient gradient. These results show that even in a similar taxonomical group growing in a similar habitat, the response to the organ system of the plant varies depending on the type of environment factor, resulting in different competitive differences among plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.268-279
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• 2001

본 연구는 계룡산국립공원을 대상으로 계절별 야생조류의 서식 분포현황을 밝히고, 야생조류의 보호 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시되었다. 조사를 위하여 5개 지역을 조사지로 설정하여 2000년 4월부터 2001년 1월까지 4회에 걸쳐 야생조류 및 서식환경을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 계룡산국립공원지역에서 조사기간동안 관찰된 야생조류는 텃새 30종, 여름철새 26종, 겨울철새 9종, 나그네새 4종으로 총 10목 29과 69종 2950개체이며, 이 중 천연기념물은 참매, 새매, 붉은배새매, 소쩍새 등 4종이 관찰되었다. 서식 종 수는 봄철 46종, 여름철 39종, 가을철 40종, 겨울철 40종이었다. 서식밀도는 봄철 7.36마리/ha,여름철 5.17마리/ha, 가을철 15.61마리/ha, 겨울철 7.4마리/ha이며, 주요 우점종은 붉은머리오목눈이, 직박구리, 박새, 쇠박새, 곤줄박이 등의 순이었다. 특히, 봄철 종 수는 이용강도가 높은 동학사 지역이 이용강도가 낮은 다른지역들 보다 낮게 나타났다. 갑사 지역은 봄에 최대 종 수를 나타내어 조류의 번식지로 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 겨울철새의 종 수가 가장 적게 관찰된 갑사와 신원사 지역은 겨울철새가 서식하기에 불리한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2012

Fragmented urban forests, as green islands within urban area, are the primary habitats for a vast number of different organisms inhabiting large cities. The areas of the urban forests are usually small, and hence, the proportion of the forest edge is relatively high. It is therefore expected that overall butterfly diversity may be lower than that of suburban or rural forests, and that those of grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species with a wider niche breadth may be richer. Butterflies were surveyed weekly by the line transact method in order to characterize the butterfly community of the Hongneung Forest, a fragmented urban forest in Seoul. Butterfly richness of the study forest is much lower than those of main forests around or in Seoul. Grassland species, forest edge species, and generalist species were found to be richer, which was in agreement with the expected patterns of urban butterfly communities. Also, an endangered species, Spindasis takanonis, was observed in the Hongneung Forest, showing that urban forests play important roles for conservation of rare species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.428-436
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• 2013

To obtain biological basic data for the conservation strategies establishment of a rare mistletoe species, Loranthus tanakae(Loranthaceae) in Korea, the distribution range, habitat characteristics and an assessment of the conservation status on the natural populations of L. tanakae were investigated. As a result, the natural populations of L. tanakae were distributed in Bakdudaegan from Mt. Chiri to Mt Seorak in Korea penninsula, and 97.8% of surveyed individuals of the mistletoe species were found in Gangwon province. In natural populations, 1,385 individuals of L. tanakae were parasitic on 480 host trees, and distributed in sunshiny ridges of mountains of altitude range of 353 m to 1,250 m. The range of host trees of L. tanakae were composed of 5 families, 6 genera, 9 species, 1 subspecies, and of these, Quercus mongolica was preferred with 81.5% (389 trees among 480 host trees). As a result of assessing the conservation status through IUCN, L. tanakae was evaluated as Vulnerable (VU). It was considered that Mt. Seorak, Mt. Taegi and Mt. Odae population as habitats with the highest density of distribution of natural populations of L. tanakae should be designated as the protected areas. Thus, conservation strategies and related methods of the natural populations of L. tanakae were also discussed for the sustainable conservation.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Invasive alien species (IAS) can affect agricultural ecosystem negatively and critically. The geographical distributions of nine IAS plants in Korean orchards and uplands were investigated. Ambrosia artemisiifolia distributed widely in Korean peninsula and Ambrosia trifida distributed intensively in Gyeonggi-do. Aster pilosus distributed in Gyeonggi-Gangwon region and Lactuca scariola distributed linear region from the north-western to south-eastern part of Korea. Hypochaeris radicata distributed mainly in Jeju-do and Solanum carolinense distributed in eastern Gyeonggi-do. Rumex acetosella and Sicyos angulatus sporadically occurred in Korean croplands and Eupatorium rugosum was found in one region only. The distribution of IAS plants in croplands was very similar to that in non-croplands suggesting that ecological position of arable lands is not different from that of non-arable lands. Therefore, IAS plants in the croplands should be managed for not only prevention of yield reduction, but also protection or maintenance of original ecosystem. Development of management methods apposite to current Korean status are required to control IAS plants in croplands.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2009

To investigate the difference in the ecological niches between Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria-like species (Cryptoperidininopsis brodyi and Stoeckeria algicida), we have observed the feeding behavior of three potential predators on abalone larvae and measured the survival rates of abalone larvae as a function of initial predator concentration. When the predators were mixed with abalone larvae, P. piscicida and C. brodyi became active and exhibited attacking behavior on abalone larvae within a few seconds. They could ingest whole soft body of abalone larvae using a peduncle. In contrast, feeding and attacking behavior were not observed from S. algicida. Survival rates in abalone larvae decreased with an increase of the initial concentration of P. piscicida and C. brodyi. These results indicate that Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species displaying the very same shape and size have different ecological niche in the marine food webs, which implies that identification to species level is definitely important to understand and discriminate the ecological roles of them.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Akey factor in evolution is reproduction, which is also a major concern in medicine. Evolutionists have proposed many theories and hypotheses to explain the low fertility rates of modern industrial societies, which are contrary to maximization of biological fitness. Given that childbirth is the most significant factor affecting reproductive fitness, it is likely that a variety of psychological modules related to childbirth behavior and intention evolved over time. Several evolutionary psychological modules have been proposed in relation to reproduction, including sexual desire, status-seeking, a need for nurturing, and the desire for children. Previously adaptive psychological modules may now be expressed maladaptively due to the discrepancy between the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA) and the environment of modern industrial society. Several evolutionary ecological factors influence childbirth intention in modern society, including individual personality factors, childhood life history experiences, and socioecological factors throughout reproductive life. By focusing on mental, social, and ecological factors, this review examines several hypothetical models relating to evolutionary psychological factors and childbirth decisions in modern industrial society, as well as a possible explanation for the low birth rate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2018

Despite rising global concerns over the potential impacts of invasive alien species on indigenous species, the consequences of such introductions are lacking. The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) was found invaded into Korea in the early of 1990s. A large-scale survey in Korea reveals that, in about 20 years post-arrival, the invasive CSPW has become the most abundant on rape flowers and spread almost parts of South Korea including Is. Jeju and Is. Ulleung. Its spread is concurrent with the habitat retraction to cruciferous weeds of the native rapseed weevil (RSW, C. albosuturalis). However, Is. Yeoseo located between the mainland and Is. Jeju, showed their ratio with about 1:1. It suggests that the population of CSPW recently entered this island. Although underlying mechanisms of the decline of native species and increase of invaded species remain unknown, the potential roles of exploitative competition cannot be ruled out. Given that invasive weevil can rapidly replace native congeners, increased level of surveillances is demanding to discourage further invasion of othe alien pests.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2022

This study investigated dietary habits and intra- and inter-specific food resource partitioning of co-occurring walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) from the waters off the north-eastern coast of South Korea using stomach contents and stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses. Both species are mesopelagic carnivores that consumed mainly benthopelagic crustaceans, but teleosts were also abundant in the diet of Pacific cod. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of dietary data revealed significant intra- and inter-specific dietary differences, i.e., food resource partitioning. Nitrogen stable isotope values (δ¹⁵N) were similar between walleye pollock and Pacific cod, but carbon stable isotope values (δ¹³C) were significant different, suggesting different trophic positioning. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) ordination plot further demonstrated that differences in the type and range of prey ingested by the two species contributed such an inter-specific difference in the diet compositions. Ontogenetic changes in diet compositions were evident. As walleye pollock, they preyed more upon carid shrimps and cephalopods, but no such trend was observed in the diets of Pacific cod. While stable isotope values indicated that large-sized specimens of both species were significantly enriched in ¹⁵N relative to smaller conspecifics thus supporting these data. Consequently, in this study, both methodologies, i.e., stomach contents and stable isotope analyses, provided evidence of inter- and/or intra-specific dietary segregations and trophic niche partitioning between co-occurring walleye pollock and Pacific cod off eastern Korean waters.