• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2010

Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to low pH stress in the range of pH 5.6-4.0 did not show significant retardations in root and shoot growths. Treatment of pH 3.5-2.5 resulted in significant reductions in root and shoot length, especially in roots. Chlorophyll contents in seedlings increased during acid treatment of pH 5.6-4.0, but decreased by stronger acid treatment of pH 4.0 and lower pHs. Total carotenoid contents showed similar trend to chlorophyll contents by increasing during pH 5.6-3.5 treatments and decreasing by pH 3.0-2.5. Anthocyanin contents increased under acid stress of pH 5.6-3.0 and showed great reduction at pH 2.5. The ratios of carotenoids/chlorophylls and anthocyanins/chlorophylls increased by acid stress treatments. That indicates plants try to adjust physiologically to acid stress and protect chlorophylls by increasing carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. However, different responses of chlorophylls and anthocyanins to acid stress indicate both pigments play different roles in protecting plant from acid stress.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 1993

Winter dormancy of the mulberry(Morus species) in Suwon was investigated with regards to mulberry varieties, such as Kaeryangppong, Daeryunppon, Yongchionppong and Hongolppong application of fertilizers and growth hormone. In general, It initiated at late September and it subsequently became deeper and reached the highest degree through late October to early November. After that early November it gradually turned into the breaking state and was terminated by late November. Intensity and duration of dormancy were lower and shorter in Kaeryangppon. The standard application of N. P. K(30-13-18kg/10a) affects it delayed, but terminated earlier. On the other hand, the double amount of nitrogen affects the dormancy fast, but terminated late. The treatments of GA3 at the early and termination stages increased the bad sprouting. The contents of RNA and protein in the bark gradually increased as the dormancy becomes deeper.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.525-534
• /
• 2017

The study aims to observe the cellular anatomical properties of Dahurian larch and Japanese larch for the species identification. In addition, other factors - the ring width, tracheid length, density, and strength - were compared and analyzed to clarify their physical and mechanical properties. To the end, three Dahurian larch trees and three Japanese larch trees by each diameter class were collected as specimens from Jeongseon-eup, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do, to conduct a stem analysis. It was found that the average stand age, average diameter at breast height, and average tree height of three Dahurian larch trees and Japanese larch trees were 74 years and 51 years, 442 mm and 352 mm, and 26.1 m and 20.8 m, respectively. The cellular anatomical difference between Dahurian larch and Japanese larch can be usually found by spiral thickening, considering that it doesn't occur in Dahurian larch at all, while rarely does in the ray tracheids of Japanese larch. However, in this study, spiral thickening was not observed in the radial section of Japanese larch. The average annual growth diameters measured at 1.2 m-height of Dahurian larch and Japanese larch were 5.167 mm and 5.954 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, arboreal growth of Japanese larch was observed to be higher than that of Dahurian larch. In the physical properties test, it was measured that the latewood proportion and oven-dry density of Dahurian larch with low annual diameter growth were higher than those of Japanese larch, while the mechanical properties of Dahurian larch wood were measured 2-7% higher than those of Japanese larch wood. The data obtained from this study are expected to be used as the basic reference for species identification between Dahurian larch and Japanese larch by DNA analysis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 2016

Modified T trellis (MT) and Wakeman trellis (WT) were widely used Korean vineyard because they had an advantage for spur pruning type cultivar such as Campbell Early. In this experiment, we compared labor time and intensity for bunch management between MT and WT trellis systems in 'Campbell Early' grapes. As a result, berry thinning was required 17.3 hours (10a) on the WT trellis but was required 12.3 hours (10a) on the MT trellis. In like manner, bagging was required 10.1 hours (10a) on the WT trellis but was required 8.2 hours (10a) on the MT trellis. On the other hand, labor intensity measured on berry thinning and bagging practices using REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) index, then WT trellis was scored 13.0, but MT trellis was scored 8.6. Meanwhile, MT trellis reduced vigorous growing of internodes length and width on grapevine shoots. Consequently, MT trellis is more convenience trellis for working ergonomically in Korea vineyard.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.26-46
• /
• 2020

An irrigated-maize agroecosystem is viewed as an open thermodynamic system upon which solar radiation impresses a large gradient that moves the system away from equilibrium. Following the imperative of the second law of thermodynamics, such agroecosystem resists and reduces the externally applied gradient by using all means of this nature-human coupled system acting together as a nonequilibrium dissipative process. The ultimate purpose of our study is to test this hypothesis by examining the energetics of agroecosystem growth and development. As a first step toward this test, we employed the eddy covariance flux data from 2003 to 2014 at the AmeriFlux NE1 irrigated-maize site at Mead, Nebraska, USA, and analyzed the energetics of this agroecosystem by scrutinizing its radiation, energy and entropy exchange. Our results showed: (1) more energy capture during growing season than non-growing season, and increasing energy capture through growing season until senescence; (2) more energy flow activity within and through the system, providing greater potential for degradation; (3) higher efficiency in terms of carbon uptake and water use through growing season until senescence; and (4) the resulting energy degradation occurred at the expense of increasing net entropy accumulation within the system as well as net entropy transfer out to the surrounding environment. Under the drought conditions in 2012, the increased entropy production within the system was accompanied by the enhanced entropy transfer out of the system, resulting in insignificant net entropy change. Drought mitigation with more frequent irrigation shifted the main route of entropy transfer from sensible to latent heat fluxes, yielding the production and carbon uptake exceeding the 12-year mean values at the cost of less efficient use of water and light.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2008

We investigated chlorophyll contents and growth performances of five deciduous hardwood species growing in central temperate zone of Korean forest. Cornus controversa, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Prunus leveilleana, and Acer mono seedlings were grown under four different light intensity regime (full sunlight, $65{\sim}72%$, $29{\sim}40%$, and, $7{\sim}12%$ of the full sunlight) for the experiment. The chlorophyll contents of all of the species were highest in $7{\sim}12%$ of the full sunlight, while lowest under the full sunlight. The relative growth rate of root collar diameter and height were decreased with increasing shading level except for Acer mono that showed the highest relative growth rate under $29{\sim}40%$ of the full sunlight. Total biomass and root volumes of the seedlings studied decreased as the light intensity decreased with different shade levels. For Acer mono, however, the biomass and root volumes were highest in $29{\sim}40%$ of the full sunlight. The relative growth rate of root comparing to shoot decreased as shading increased, and as a result, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass increased. As the shading level increased, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of most species increased.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.579-584
• /
• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture content on cut flower quality of Gypsophila paniculata L. 'Bristol Fairy' in spring and autumn cultivations. The soil moisture potential (SMP) set point for irrigation was either -3.2 or -10.0kPa in the vegetative growth stage, and -10.0, -31.6, or -79.4kPa after the budding stage. When soil moisture reached at each set SMP point, 10 mm water was drip-irrigated. Tendency of flowering was earlier as SMP set point was lower in both vegetative growth and after budding stages. No other flower characteristics were found among other treatments. In both spring and autumn cultivations, as SMP set point was lower, the low primary branch length and upper internode length were decreased, the stem firmness was increased, and curvature of cut flower stem was decreased. Especially, in autumn, the higher the SMP set point, the higher the low primary branch than the apex, thus the paniculate inflorescence was deeply destroyed. Yield in spring cultivation was not significantly different among treatments, while that in autumn cultivation increased as the lower the SMP value. It is thought that optimal imgation points during vegetative growth and after budding stages to produce high quality cut flowers are -10.0 and -79.4kPa, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.117.2-118
• /
• 2003

절임식품은 우리 고유의 먹거리이지만 체계적인 연구가 부족하여 품질표준화가 이루어지지 않고 있어 우리의 전통식품을 세계적인 식품으로 개발하기 위해서는 전통식품을 과학화하고 현대화할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 새로운 된장절임 가공법을 개발하고자 blanching, salting, drying 등의 전 처리를 행한 후 된장 절임기간에 따른 새송이 버섯의 수분함량, 염도, 색상, 조직특성, 관능특성 등의 변화를 조사하였다. 된장절임기간에 따른 새송이 버섯의 수분함량 변화는 숙성시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며 염도는 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 무처구를 제외하고는 숙성 30일 이후부터는 변화가 거의 없었다. 숙성기간에 따른 색상의 변화를 보면 블랜칭이 매우 효과적으로 변색을 방지하였다. 숙성 30일부터는 모든 처리구에서 강도가 저하하는 경향을 보였으며 관능평가 결과 숙성 40일째에 맛과 조직감 그리고 기호도 등 모든 항목에서 B(B)와 E(BSD) 처리구가 높은 점수를 받아 관능적 품질 특성이 가장 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 전처리공정에 있어서는 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 블랜칭처리한 B(B)처리구가 가장 우수하였으나 된장 절임후 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라서는 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 블랜칭처리후 5% 염용액에서 72시간 절임한 후 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 탈염하고, 다시 5$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 3시간 건조시킨 E(BSD)처리구도 우수한 품질을 유지할 수 있어 새송이 버섯을 이용한 장류절임가공법으로 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.d, citric acid 그리고 shikimic acid가 검출되었고 수확시기에 3품종에서 모두 malic acid 함량이 가장 높았고 malic acid와 citric acid의 함량이 풍수와 신고에서는 약 0.3%, 추황은 0.4% 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 3품종 모두에서 총산과 같은 추세로 성숙기의 유기산의 함량이 생장초기의 함량보다 많이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 배의 가용성 고형물은 전체적으로 과실의 성장이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 풍수와 신고 과피의 총당과 환원당은 거의 같은 추세로 증가하였고 성숙이 가까워지면서 환원당이 감소하였다. 배 과육의 총당과 환원당 또한 거의 같은 추세로 증가를 하다가 수확 전 20일 혹은 30일부터 총당의 함량은 계속 증가하지만 환원당의 함량은 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 배 과실의 전반 성장과정에 있어서 전분함량은 감소하였고 총탄수화물의 함량은 과육에서는 증가하나 과피에서는 반대로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 풍수의 전분함량은 최고 2.19%에서 0.23%로 감소하였고 신고에서는 0.43%로 추황에서는 0.48%로 감소하였다. 배 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose 둥 4종류의 당이 검출되었고 3품종 모두에서 생장과정 중 비환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranosi

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.456-463
• /
• 2020

This research was conducted to examine the changes in yield and difference in growth, using rootstocks in tomatoes as the growth indicators. Seedlings of tomato 'Gama', were used as scion and non-grafted control, while 4 different grafted tomatoes 'Powerguard', 'T1', 'L1', and 'B.blocking' were used as rootstocks. The non-grafted and grafted plants were grown in hydroponics for long-duration cultivation under plastic greenhouse conditions. The total yield of grafted tomato 'Powerguard' and non-grafted tomato 'Gama' were 8,428 g and 7,645 g, respectively. The flowering position of grafted plants 'B.blocking' and non-grafted plants at the latter period were 17.58 cm and 14.92 cm, respectively. The results showed that the yield and the balance of the plant were improved until the end of the harvest by grafting. The difference in yield between non-grafted and grafted tomatoes was evident in the 19th cluster, 236 days after planting. Therefore using rootstocks could be advantageous for long-duration cultivation in tomatoes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.112 no.2
• /
• pp.195-208
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to use three-dimensional point cloud data (PCD) obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) to evaluate a deep learning-based species classification model for two tree species: Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi. Sixteen models were constructed based on the three conditions: LiDAR platform (TLS and MLS), down-sampling intensity (1024, 2048, 4096, 8192), and deep learning model (PointNet, PointNet++). According to the classification accuracy evaluation, the highest kappa coefficients were 93.7% for TLS and 96.9% for MLS when applied to PCD data from the PointNet++ model, with down-sampling intensities of 8192 and 2048, respectively. Furthermore, PointNet++ was consistently more accurate than PointNet in all scenarios sharing the same platform and down-sampling intensity. Misclassification occurred among individuals of different species with structurally similar characteristics, among individual trees that exhibited eccentric growth due to their location on slopes or around trails, and among some individual trees in which the crown was vertically divided during tree segmentation.