• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 1988

북한강 수계의 지류인 수동천에서 1986년 7월부터 1987년 3월까지 4개의 정점으로부터 종속영양 세균의 크기와 생리적 활성도를 조사하였다. 총 세균수는 0.8-$25.2\times 10^{5}$ cells/ml의 범위를 나타냈으며, 글루코오즈 흡수능 $V_{max}$은 0.006-24.39mg-C/l/hr의 변화폭을 보여주었다. 계절적인 분포에 있어서 $V_{max}$값은 여음에 높고, 겨울에 낫은 뚜렷한 계절적 양상이 판찰 되었으나 콜로니 생성균 수의 변화는 특정적 양상을 볼 수 없었다. 지역적으로는 인간활동의 영향을 거의 받지 않는 상류 정점에서 세균수와 생리적 활성도가 가장 낮으며, 유기 오염물질이 대량 유입되는 쟁점을 제외하고는 유사한 수푼을 나타내어 이러한 유입 현상이 전 수동천 생태계의 세균 군집의 크기 및 생리적 활성도의 변화에 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용함이 관찰되었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2018

Objectives : Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation is one of therapeutic interventions to change in neural excitability of the cortex. Transcranial electro-acupuncture (TEA) can modulate brain functions through changes in cortical excitability as a model of non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation. Some composites of fermented Scutellaria baicalenis (FSB) can activate intercellular signaling pathways for activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is critical for formation of neural plasticity in stroke patients. This study was aimed at evaluation of combinatory treatment of TEA and FSB on behavior recovery and cortical neural excitability in rodent focal stroke model. Methods : Focal ischemic stroke was induced by photothrombotic injury to the motor cortex of adult rats. Application of TEA with 20 Hz and $200{\mu}A$ in combination with daily oral treatment of FBS was given to stroke animals for 3 weeks. Motor recovery was evaluated by rotating bean test and ladder working test. Electrical activity of cortical pyramidal neurons of stroke model was evaluated by using multi-channel extracellular recording technique and thallium autometallography. Results : Compared with control stroke group who did not receive any treatment, Combination of TEA and FSB treatment resulted in more rapid recovery of forelimb movement following focal stroke. This combination treatment also elicited increase in spontaneous firing rate of putative pyramidal neurons. Furthermore expression of metabolic marker for neural excitability was upregulated in peri-infract area under thallium autometallography. Conclusions : These results suggest that combination treatment of TEA and FSB can be a possible remedy for motor recovery in focal stroke.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2018

Neuronal excitotoxicity induces mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of proapoptotic proteins. Excitotoxicity, the process by which the overactivation of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors leads to neuronal cell death. Neuronal death by excitotoxicity was related to neuronal degenerative disorders and hypoxia, results from excessive exposure to excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate. Glutamate acts at NMDA receptors in cultured neurons to increase the intracellular free calcium concentration. Therefore endogenous glutamate may be a key factor to regulate neuronal cell death via activating $Ca^{2+}$ signaling. For this issue, we tested some conditions to alter intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level in dissociated hippocampal neurons of rats. Cultured hippocampal neuron were treated by KCl (20 mM), $CaCl_2$ (3.8 mM) and glutamate ($5{\mu}M$) for 24 hrs. Interestingly, The Optical Density of hippocampal neurons was increased by high KCl application in MTT assay data. This enhanced response by high KCl was dependent on synaptic $Ca^{2+}$ influx but not on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level. However, the number of neurons seemed to be not changed in Hoechst 33342 staining data. These results suggest that enhancement of synaptic activity plays a key role to increase mitochondrial signaling in hippocampal neurons.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1726-1733
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• 2019

움직임은 삶의 모든 것이며 음악은 우리의 전반적인 삶과 함께하고 있다. 움직임과 소리를 바탕으로 탄생한 예술은 기술과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 발전하며 시대를 반영해 왔으며 디지털 시대에 새로운 문화콘텐츠를 만들어가고 있다. 융합 예술과 교육에 있어 음악과 신체의 움직임이 접목되는 빈도에 비해 다양한 분야의 학문적 지식과 경험을 가진 전문가와 연구기관의 부재는 현실적 문제이다. 외국 대학의 선례를 통해 음악, 움직임을 구성하는 가장 기초적인 원리인 '리듬'을 연구하는 학문인 리드믹을 소개하고 함께 연구되는 분야인 음악생리학과 음악인의학 그리고 행위예술과학에 대해 살펴보며 국내 도입의 필요성을 제기한다. 격변하는 디지털 시대에 유일하게 '나 자신'이 주체가 되는 움직임을 생리학과 의학을 통해 체계적으로 인지하고 음악을 매개체로 과학적으로 움직이고 표현하는 연구 분야를 개척해 융합시대와 교육에 새로운 방향을 제시한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2022

인슐린(insulin)과 insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)은 척추동물에서 대사, 생장, 수명 등의 여러 생리대사를 조절하는 중요한 호르몬이다. 곤충에서도 IGF-1과 구조적으로 유사한 insulin-like peptide (ILP)들이 존재하며 이들이 곤충 생리 조절에 중요하게 관여함이 밝혀졌다. 이번 총설에서 곤충 ILP 및 초파리(Drosophila melanogaster) 유전체 분석을 통해 척추동물에 존재하는 인슐린 및 IGF-1 수용체 신호전달계와 유사하다고 확인된 ILP 수용체 신호전달계에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 곤충 체내의 영양 상태에 따라 조절되는 뇌에서의 ILP의 합성과 분비, ILP에 의한 대사의 생리적 조절에 대해 논한다. 또한 ILP가 생장, 발달, 생식, 휴면에 기여하는 바도 논의하고, 마지막으로 ILP 수용체 신호전달계 제어를 통한 해충 방제에의 이용 가능성에 대해 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder, is high among children and adolescents. The pathogenesis of ADHD is mediated with genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Most therapeutic drugs for ADHD have so far targeted biological causes, primarily by regulating catecholaminergic neurotransmitters. However, ADHD drugs that are clinically treated have various problems in their addictiveness and drug stability; thus, it is recommended that efficacy and safety should be secured through simultaneous prescription of multiple drugs rather than a single drug treatment. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop drugs that newly target pathogenic mechanisms of ADHD. In this study, we attempt to confirm the possibility of developing new drugs by reviewing dopamine-related developmental mechanisms of neurons and their correlation with ADHD. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can regulate the concentration of intracellular dopamine in neurons by expressing vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and inducing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft, thereby promoting the development of neurons and signal transmission. This cellular modulation of HDACi is expected to treat ADHD by regulating endogenous catecholamines such as dopamine. Although studies are still in the preclinical stage, HDAC inhibitors clearly have potential as a therapeutic agent with low addictiveness and high efficacy for ADHD treatment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2023

Supplying an appropriate amount of feed is an economical and environmentally friendly by increasing the nutrient digestibility of livestock and reducing nutrients released from overfeeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility according to dietary feeding levels of Hanwoo steers. Three treatments in feeding trial were used feeding amount based on the maintenance energy level of the Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo (2022): 100% (control, CON), 140% (treatment 1, TRT1), and 190% (treatment 2, TRT2). The experiment was designed in replicate 3×3 balanced Latin square designs using six Hanwoo steers. In this study, energy value was predicted according to treatment groups. In addition, nutrient digestibility and energy value were measured through a feeding trial to Hanwoo steers. All energy values, including total digestible nutrients and digestible energy, were predicted to decrease linearly with increasing feeding levels. TRT2 showed lower digestibility than CON for dry matter, crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients in the feeding trial (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between CON and TRT1. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestibility of feed are set based on the maintenance energy. However nutrient digestibility and TDN decreased when feeding level increased by more than 190% compared to maintenance energy in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the TDN by considering the feeding level when mixing the feed.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

영양은 모든 생명활동의 근본이며, 생물의 진화적 적응도를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인이다. 곤충영양학은 곤충생리학의 전통적인 연구영역이며, 최근 산업곤충의 대량사육 필요성이 증가함에 따라 그 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 곤충의 영양현상을 정확히 이해하기란 어려운데, 이는 영양의 다변량적 특성, 영양소 간의 교호작용 등으로 설명되는 영양적 복잡성에 기인한다. 영양기하학(Nutritional Geometry)은 이러한 난점을 극복하기 위해 고안된 통합적이고 다차원적인 분석모형으로서, 최근 곤충영양학이 급격하게 발전할 수 있는 이론적 및 실험적 기반을 제공하였다. 본 종설은 영양기하학의 기본개념을 소개하고, 이러한 방법론이 어떻게 최근 곤충영양학의 급속한 학문적 진보를 가능케 하였는지, 그리고 영양이 어떻게 생리학, 생태학, 진화생물학을 통합하는 구심점이 될 수 있었는지를, 최신 연구사례를 중심으로 살펴볼 것이다. 또한 본 종설은 향후 영양기하학을 적용함으로써 발전할 가능성이 높은 연구분야를 고찰할 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that can explain the discrepancies between the pathologic burden of the disease and clinical manifestations. It refers to the individual susceptibility to age-related brain changes and pathologies related to Alzheimer's disease, thus recognized as a factor affecting the trajectories of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the current states of clinical studies on neural substrates of CR in Alzheimer's disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We searched for clinical studies on CR using fMRI in the Pubmed, Cochrane library, RISS, KISS and ScienceON on August 14, 2023. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of CR. Total thirty-four studies were included in this study. As surrogate markers of CR, not only education and occupational complexity, but also composite score and questionnaire-based method, which cover various areas of life, were mainly used. The most utilized methods in resting-state fMRI were independent component analysis, seed-based analysis, and graph theory analysis. Through the analysis, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with cognitive reserve. Moreover, functional connectivity of brain regions centered on prefrontal and parietal cortex and network areas such as default mode network showed a significant correlation with CR, which indicated a significant association with cognitive performance. CR may induce differential effects according to the disease status. We hope that this perspective on cognitive reserve would be helpful when conducting clinical researches on the mechanisms of traditional Korean medicine for Alzheimer's disease in the future.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2019

Polysaccharides produced in microorganisms and plants are known to increase the immune response in the body. We proposed analysis of beta-glucan contents of phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata. Also, we examined whether fruit body and mycelium can increase the immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression animal models. We injected cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) twice to produce immunosuppression mice. Then, FB (200 mg/kg) and MC (200 mg/kg) were oral administered for 14 days. In order to confirm the immune-enhancing effect of FB and MC, we analyzed spleen weight, the number of immune cells, cytokines, and immunoglobulins levels. Cyclophosphamide decreased the weight of spleen, the number of immune cells. However, FB and MC have significantly increased the weight of spleen, the number of white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte. In addition, they have significantly increased immune-related cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels. As a results, phellinus linteus fruit body (FB) and mycelium (MC) cultured in cudrania tricuspidata can be used as effective natural materials for immune-enhancing.