• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.881-888
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate effects of maternal genetic potential and parity with pre- and postpartum periods on body weights, body condition score (BCS) and blood metabolites in relation to physiological stress and nutritional metabolism in Hanwoo cows. Also, this study was designed to develop effective husbandry technique for Hanwoo cows concerning of pre- and postpartum periods, and to get basic data for it. Forty five cows were allocated into two groups, 24 cows with high maternal genetic potentials and 21 cows with low maternal genetic potentials. The average parity of experimental cows with high and low maternal genetic potentials were 2.83±1.63 and 3.00±1.77, respectively. The growth performances such as body weights, average daily gain (ADG) and BCS were not different between two groups regardless of maternal genetic potential. However, pre- and postpartum periods had effects on the growth performances (p<0.05). Parity had no effects on ADG and BCS (p>0.05), but effect on body weight of cows (p<0.05). The metabolites of physiological stress such as neutrophil, hematocrit and cortisol, and nutritional metabolites such as albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in blood of cows were affected by pre- and postpartum periods in a large scale, while those were partially affected by maternal genetic potential. However, among the metabolites in blood, only neutrophil and triglylceride concentrations were affected by different parity of cows. Therefore, the present study suggests that nutritional intake and digestion are affected by physiological stress due to the parturition, and it should need to consider different husbandry technique based on the maternal genetic potential, and pre- and postpartum periods of cows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.99-104
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• 1994

Renin-Angiotensin계는 정상 및 질병시의 혈압조절에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있음이 밝혀지면서, 이 조절계의 특정단계를 간섭함으로써 새로운 고혈압치료제를 개발하려는 연구가 일찍부터 시도되었다. (그림 1). 그 중에서 내인성 생리활성물질인 Angiotensin II의 합성을 차단하는 ACE 저해제는 임상적으로 고혈압 및 심부전치료제로서 유용성이 인정되어 현재 널리 사용되고 있다. ACE 저해제는 종종 마른기침, 발적과 같은 부작용이 나타나므로 이러한 부작용을 극복하려는 연구가 많이 있었으나 이는 작용기전에서 기인되는 것으로 해결에 한계를 보여왔다. 그런데 1982년 일본의 Takeda사의 연구진은 S-8307, 8308이라는 효과가 매우 약하기는 하지만 Angiotensin II 수용체를 선택적으로 차단하는 비펩타이드성의 AII길항물질을 특허 출원하였다. 미국의 Du Pont사는 AII길항약물이 효능은 그대로 유지하면서 ACE 저해제들의 부작용을 해결할 수 있을 것으로 예상하고 Takeda 화합물을 모핵으로하여, 많은 유도체들을 합성하면서 구조-활성 연구를 수행한 결과 비펩타이드성길항제인 Dup 753(Losartan, Cozaar$^{R}$) (2-N-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-(2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl) imidazole, potassium salt)을 발견하게 되었다. 이 Dup 753은 특별히 AII수용체중 혈압조절과 관련이 있는 AT1 수용체를 선택적으로 차단하는데, 효력은 ACE 저해제인 captopril과 유사하며, 경구흡수가 잘되고 지속시간이 길어 하루에 한번 먹는 경구제제로 개발되고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 Dup 753의 지속시간이 긴 것은 그 대사물인 Exp 3174에 기인하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 대사체가 Dup 753에 비해 효력도 훨씬 더 높고 지속시간도 길어서, Dup 753은 일종의 prodrug적 개념이 들어있는 약물이라 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

Levan, the fructose polymer is an indigestible carbohydrate regularly consumed by humans. Its physiological functions, in terms of hypocholesterolemic effect and calcium metabolism, have not been well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levan on blood lipids and the calcium absorption ratio in rats fed a 0.1% low calcium diet. Thirty rats were divided into three groups and fed a 0.1% low calcium diet (control) or low calcium diets containing either 2.5% levan or 5% levan for eight weeks. The blood lipid and biomarkers relevant to Ca metabolism (urinary Ca and hydroxyproline), the femoral weight and the Ca contents were determined. The body weight gains were lower in the 5% levan group than the control group. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in the 5% levan group, compared to the control group, but the atherogenic indice were not affected. Blood alkaline phosphatase activity, Ca and urinary hydroxyproline excretion levels were not different in the three groups. The net calcium absorption in rats fed a 5% levan diet was greater than rats fed the control diet, while the femoral weights and Ca contents were not significantly different in the three groups. We concluded that a 5% levan diet could both enhance the calcium absorption and improve the lipid profiles in rats fed a low calcium diet.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

담수산 이매패류인 참재？, Corbicula leana를 대상으로 크기와 수온별로 카드뮴, 구리 및 수은 등의 중금속에 노출시켜 반수치사농도, 호흡률 및 여수율 등의 생리적 내성에 관하여 알아보았다. 17%C에서 작은 개체rnhr,-LC$^{50}$ 은 수은이 1.63 ppm이었으며, 카드뮴과 구리는 각각 7.45및 8.71 ppm으로서 수은에 비해 상당히 높은 값을 나타내었다. 큰 개체구의 경우는 수은이 2.62ppm이었으며, 카드뮴과 구리가 각각10.15와 10.20 ppm이었다. 22$^{\circ}C$의 경우 작은 개체구의 96 hr-LC$^{50}$ ppm은 카드뮴, 구리 및 수은이 각각 5.94, 7.08및 1.63 ppm이었으며, 큰 개체구에서는 각각 8.29, 8.35, 1.87ppm으로서 두수온구에서 모두 작은 개체구에서 중금속 오염원에 의한 영향이 컸으며, 독성순위는 수은>카드뮴>구리 순이었다. 한편 중금속 오염원에 노출시킨 참재첩의 수온-개체크기별 산소소비율과 여수율은 오염원의 농도증가에 따라 고수온에서 영향을 많이 받았으며, 특히 수은의 경우, 22%C-작은 개체구에서 호흡률이 50.7%, 여수율이 52.15%감소되고 있어 여수율이 보다 크게 영향을 받았다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2015

In this study, we studied the effect of dissolved cement powder on Carassius auratus by analysis of the morphophysiological changes. The gill exposed to dissolved cement powder showed the thickened primary lamellae and the activity of chloride cells and mucous cells was also significantly increased and the proliferation, separation and clubbing of gill filament was observed in the secondary lamellae. In the kidney tissue, the space in Bowman's capsule was widen and the arrangement of dermis was irregular due to the thinned epidermis in the integument tissue. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and LDH tended to increase with the duration of cement exposure. It was confirmed that the up-regulated proteins were identified as involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism and down-regulated proteins were myofibrillar proteins which were involved in muscle contraction by the cement exposure to the integument. With these results, dissolved cement powder was thought to be a big threat to the survival of the fish because it causes the morphological changes and weakens the physiological activity in C. auratus tissues.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of dissolved cement powder on Zacco koreanus by analyzing morphophysiological changes. The gills exposed to dissolved cement powder developed abnormal shapes in their secondary lamellae and increased numbers of mucous cells after long-term exposure. Additionally, clubbing, edema, and exfoliation of the epithelial cells were observed in the secondary lamellae. In the kidney tissue, the space in Bowman’s capsule was widened, and in the integument tissue the arrangement of the dermis was irregular due to the thinned epidermis. These results suggest that long-term exposure to cement powder can significantly affect morphological change, resulting death. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and LDH tended to increase commensurately with the duration of cement exposure. It was concluded that up-regulated proteins were the stress proteins involved in myofibrillar-protein production and down-regulated proteins were involved in glycolysis and energy metabolism after the integument’s exposure to cement. According to these results dissolved cement powder is a serious threat to the survival of fish because it causes morphological changes and weakens physiological activity in Z. koreanus tissues.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2020

우울증은 동기, 의욕, 관심, 주의력, 정신기능 및 식욕의 감소를 특징으로 하는 일종의 기분 장애이다. 우울증은 유전적, 내분비 및 환경적 스트레스를 포함한 다양한 원인에 의해 발생하지만 가벼운 우울증은 식이요법으로 개선되는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서 우울증 환자를 치료하기 위해서는 기능성 및 영양 보충제를 포함한 다양한 식품 공급원이 필요하다. 치즈에는 숙주 건강에 유익한 영향을 미치는 생리 활성 펩타이드가 포함되어 있다. 특히 저지(Jersey) 우유는 홀스타인(Holstein) 우유보다 고형분 함량이 높은 것으로 보고되었다. 이 연구는 저지(Jersey) 와 홀스타인(Holstein) 우유의 가우다 치즈(Gouda cheese)가 만성 스트레스(CUMS, chronic unpredictable mild stress)에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 치즈를 먹인 만성 스트레스 마우스 모델의 개선적 변화는 젖소 종에 관계없이 통계적으로 유의미하게 효과적으로 나타났다. 흥미롭게도 PCR을 통한 분변 미생물 균총 분석에서 저지 치즈를 섭취함으로써 Bacteroidetes가 증가하고 Firmicutes가 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, 본 연구는 치즈 섭취가 스트레스 개선 작용이 있음을 제시하며, 특히 장내 미생물 균총의 유익한 방향으로의 변화가 관찰되는데, 치즈의 생리활성물질 혹은 장내미생물 균총의 대사물질들이 이러한 행동·정신학적 개선 작용과의 연관성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most common environmental contaminants. Because of their recalcitrant properties and long-term toxicity, numerous studies have been performed. The toxicological concerns are focused on endocrinological effects of animal. Several different metabolites have been reported, including hydroxy PCBs, PCB quinones, and methylsulfonyl PCBs from animal tissues. However, details in plants have never been studied. It is well-known that plants can produce phytoalexin in response to chemical, physical, or pathological stress.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the several PCBs and hydroxy derivatives were prepared by chemical syntheses. Their effects on secondary metabolite biosynthesis were determined in carrot roots. The levels of 6-methoxymellein were determined in several different treatments, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, the concentration of 6-methoxymellein reached a maximum at 2 days and gradually decreased to trace level at 5 days in control experiments. However, the effects of PCBs or hydroxy derivatives were highly dependent on compounds. For example, the maximum concentrations of 6-methoxymellein were observed at 3 days for 2-hydroxy/4-hydroxybiphenyl, while 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl showed a rapid accumulation within 1 day, followed by rapid dissipation to undetectable levels.CONCLUSION: Biphenyl derivatives were effective elicitor of 6-methoxymellein accumulation. In general, hydroxybiphenyls (phenols) more efficiently induced phytoalexin biosynthesis than those without hydroxy groups. It can be concluded that PCBs or their possible metabolites could change the plant secondary metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

Although negative evidences of trans fatty acids(tFAs) are gradually increasing, the hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs are controversial and its biological significances are still not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary tFAs on cholesterol metabolism and membrane fluidity in rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) for 8 weeks. Each test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) contained 25%, 8.5% and no tFAs, respectively, Plasma total triglyceride(TG) were not different among diet treatments. Feeding trans fat diets (margarine and butter) lowered plasma cholesterol. Specially, butter diet elevated LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, resulting in the highest atherogenic index among diet treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentration and HMG CoA reductase activity were also decreased, whereas fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased in trans fat-fed animals. trans fat containing diets also decreased hepatic membrane fluidity. From these results, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of diets, but its spatial cofiguration may help behave like saturated fatty acid in membrane fluidity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. hot-water extract on the improvement of the glucide and lipid metabolism in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 55, mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Electrolyte(Na, K, Cl) concentration in serum were fairly reduced in the group BSP(basal diet+STZ+Prunus persica $5.0g\%$ extract) than in the STZ(I.P.)-induced diabetic rats group(group BSW, basal diet+STZ(I.P.)+water). Although there was no significant difference among the groups. Concentrations of free fatty acid and lipid peroxide in serum were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group(group BSW) and STZ+Prunus persica $5.0;g\%$ extract group(group BSP) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet+water). However, the concentrations of free fatty acid and lipid peroxide in serum were remarkably reduced in the group BSP than those in the group BSW, The activity of creatine phophokinase In serum was significantly lower in the group BSP than in the group BSW However, the activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group BSP(Prunus persica $5.0\;g\%$ hot-water extract administration group) than in the STZ-induced diabetic group(group BSW). The above results shows that Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. were effective on the improvement of the glucide and lipid metabolism in serum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.