• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2011

To remove excess nitrate from the agricultural environments, Enterobacter amnigenus GG0461 has been isolated as a bacterial strain having high capability of nitrate uptake activity. This strain was able to remove nitrate more than 3,000 ppm (50 mM) in the Pseudomonas agar F (PAF) medium. Therefore, it could be a candidate strain for a nitrate scavenger in the various contaminated environments, such as agricultural soils, livestock sewage, and industrial wastewater. In order to develop medium for the large-scale production of the strain GG0461, each component of PAF medium was replaced with the corresponding commercial product and the optimal conditions for bacterial growth and nitrate uptake activity were measured. Glycerol was replaced with the commercially available product and the nitrogen source was substituted with commercial tryptone, yeast extract, soybean meal, and fermented fish extract. Bacterial growth and nitrate uptake activity were maximal in the media containing 2% tryptone, followed by yeast extract, soybean meal, and fermented fish extract. The pH of the growth medium containing 2% tryptone was decreased by the bacterial nitrate uptake, suggesting that the nitrate uptake is mediated by a nitrate/proton antiporter. This result shows that the medium containing commercial tryptone was good enough for the physiological activity of the strain GG0461. Each component of PAF medium was successfully replaced with the corresponding commercial product except peptone. In conclusion, the composition of medium for the cultivation of the strain GG0461 was determined as 2% tryptone, 1% glycerol, plus required salts according to the composition of PAF medium.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

This study was conducted in a commercial plug glasshouse in Sacheon to examine the possibility of producing tomato plug seedlings using various growing media containing cellular glass foam (CGF)and carbonized chestnut woodchips (CCW) as medium components. Plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato were grown in media containing 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss, 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss, and 50% peatmoss＋50% granular rockwool. A commercial plug medium (Tosilee) was used as the control. All seeds were sown in 200 cell plug trays on November 28, 2001. Seedling growth was measured at 31 days after sowing. Each treatment showed a similar growth result as compared to the control. Plant height, root grade, fresh weight, and air space and bulk density of the medium were significantly greater in the 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss treatment than those in the other media. However, growth was slightly suppressed in the 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss. pH and EC of the media were the highest in the control treatment, although no toxicity symptoms had been observed. The results suggest that perlite can be replaced with a new material such as CGF in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2012

Hot-water extracted natural media were made from raw materials for mycelial culture of Pleurotus eryngii. Poplar sawdust, wheat bran and rice bran were used as substrates for hot water extraction. The mixed substrates of poplar sawdust, wheat bran, and rice bran with 50 : 20 : 30 (v/v/v, PWR523) and 50 : 30 : 20 (v/v/v, PWR532) were optimal for mycelial growth of P. eryngii, respectively. The hot-water extracted natural media from PWR523 and PWR532 showed a rapid mycelial growth and spawn running compared to PDA. There was no significant difference in mushroom yield when the mycelium grown on the hot-water extracted natural media was used as the inoculum source for producing fruit body.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effects of the culture media and light sources on the growth of microalgae Haematococuus pluvialis. Limited ingredient medium, Modified Bold's Basic Medium (MBBM), commercial liquid fertilizer medium Neo, and seven different light sources with different wavelengths were used to incubate H. pluvialis for 39 days, and the growth rates were compared. As a result, the growth of H. pluvialis, a limited ingredient medium, produced the highest cell growth in the fluorescent light source while cell growth was the lowest in the blue+red LED. The growth of H. pluvialis in commercial medium Neo was highest in the fluorescent light source, and cell growth was lowest in the blue LED. In this study, the MBBM culture medium showed better results than the Neo culture medium. Microalgae grown in the fluorescent light source using the MBBM culture medium showed the best cell growth result in this study. The results were optimized for the culture medium, light source, and light quantity in H. pluvialis culture for the production of secondary metabolites and provide basic data for the mass culture of microalgae.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1999

구강내의 교정 장치는 미생물 전파에 있어서 다양한 장소를 제공한다. 치태는 치아 우식증 발생에 있어 매우 큰 역할을 하며 미생물, 비세포성 물질로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 생체외에서 교정용에서의 인공 치태 생성에 영향을 주는 요인을 평가하는 것이다. Streptococcus mutans type c는 $CO_2$ incubator내의 $37^{\circ}C$에서 brain heart infusion broth에서 배양 되었다. 중절치에 사용하는 9개의 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets을 3개씩 비이커의 배양액에 매달았다. 3개 비이커의 배양액 pH는 각 각 pH 5.5, 7.0 그리고 8.5로 조절되었다. 5시간 후에 비이커에서 각각의 bracket을 꺼내서, bracket의 평균 무게를 측정하였다. 배지의 stirring effect를 측정하기 위하여 3개씩 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets을 2개의 비이커에 위치시켰다. 12개의 brackets을 $CaCl_2$(0.25, 1.0, 4.0 그리고 16.0mM). KCl(2.5, 10, 40 그리고 160mM) 그리고 $MgCl_2$(0.1, 0.4, 1.6, 그리고 6.4mM) 용액에 각각 매달았다. 6개의 $.018"{\times}.025"$ standard edgewise brackets, 6개의 $.022"{\times}.028"$ Roth brackets과 6개의 $.022"{\times}.028"$ Broussard brackets을 각각의 비이커 내에 매달았다. 배양액 내에서 5시간 동안 배양한 후 각각의 brackets을 근사값의 milligram 단위로 측정하였다. 그룹 사이의 차이는 Mann-Whitney와 Kruskal-Wallis tests를 이용하여 비교하였다. p value<0.05의 조건에서 이들의 차이는 통계학적 유의성을 갖는다. 5시간 동안 pH 5.5에서 배양된 Streptococcus mutans에 의해 형성된 인공 치태는 pH 7.0 이나 pH 8.5에서 배양된 것보다 작았다(p<0.05). 인공 치태는 배양하는 동안 저어졌을 때 더 많이 형성되었다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 bracket에 형성된 인공 치태는 좀 더 높은 알칼리성 배지에서 배양됨으로써, 그리고 배양 동안 배지를 저어줌으로써 유의성있게 증가하였다. 그러나 배지의 $CaCl_2,\;KCl,\;MgCl_2$의 농도와 상업적으로 다른 종류의 이용 가능한 교정용 bracket에 대해서는 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.833-838
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• 2013

In this study, twelve strains of brewing fungi were individually cultivated on wheat extract broth (WEB), potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) in order to determine the microorganism with good culture characteristics as well as with amylolytic activity. The strain cultured in PDB exhibited mycelia production from 12.6 g/L (Rhizopus oryzae KACC 45714) to a maximum of 48.0 g/L (Aspergillus oryzae KACC 46959), which was 2.3~9.2 times lower than that of the strain cultured in WEB and 1.7~14.6 times lower than that of the strain cultured in MEB. Accorfing the results, We found that the commercial strains of A. oryzae Suwon, CF1001 and CF1003 had a higher dry cell mass than the wild-type strains KACC 46421, 46423, 46424 and 46959. For Rhizopus sp., the acidity levels in WEB, PDB and MEB were 0.12~0.47%, 0.22~1.0% and 0.16~0.68% (equivalent lactic acid concentration) respectively. For A. oryzae, the acidity levels were 0.06~0.11%, 0.03~0.04% and 0.06~0.08% (equivalent lactic acid concentration), respectively. Amylase enzyme from Rhizopus delemar KACC 46419 exhibited an enzyme activity of 0.013 U and 0.019 U in WEB and MEB cultures, respectively. The enzyme activity of the amylase enzyme from A. oryzae was 0.019~0.037, 0.017~0.033 and 0.028~0.046 U in WEB, PDB and MEB cultures, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2021

Bacillus velezensis HKB-1 was isolated from the composted spent mushroom substrate of Lentinula edodes (LeCSMS) and inhibited mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungal species, Phythhopthora capsici, Collectotrichum coccodes and Fusarium oxysporium by more than 70%. B. velezensis HKB-1 showed bacterial growth rate 10 to 100 times higher than that of other commercial bacterial media in water extract of LeCSMS supplemented with 1% molasses. The LeCSMS medium was effective in promoting the growth of pepper and controlling Phytophthora blight disease of pepper.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

Mattirolomyces terfezioides is a type of sweet truffles that predominantly form ectomycorrhizae with Robinia pseudoacacia. It is also worthy of artificial cultivation. This is the first report on characteristics of mycelial growth and enzyme activities of M. terfezioides collected from R. pseudoacacia forest in Korea. M. terfezioides showed the highest mycelial growth when cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at $30^{\circ}C$ or in modified Melin-Norkran's liquid medium (pH 8.0). The biomass of M. terfezioides was higher in liquid medium containing nitrate-nitrogen than ammonium-nitrogen by 1.8 fold. The mycelia of M. terfezioides showed both carboxymethylcellulase and laccase activities on solid media for enzyme screening.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2012

The study was conducted in a glasshouse to examine the possibility of producing paprika plug seedlings in a newly developed inert phenolic foam growing medium. Plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika were grown in five media, Grodan rockwool (Grodan Co. Ltd., Denmark), UR rockwool (UR Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam LC (Smithers Oasis Korea Co. Ltd., Korea), phenolic foam RC, and phenolic foam 3813-4 all in a pellet type. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25^{\circ}C$, 90% RH, dark) for 4-5 days and then seedlings were grown in a glasshouse with nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system. Seedling growths were measured 20 days after sowing. The medium pH was the highest in the Grodan rockwool, and medium EC was the highest in phenolic foam 3813-4, although no nutritional excess disorders were observed. Germination rates of paprika were higher than 90% in all the media. Plant height, stem diameter, T/R ratio, leaf area, and chlorophyll showed a similar to those in the rockwool medium. Number of leaves, length of the longest root and dry weights of shoot were not significantly different among treatments. Overall, phenolic foam LC and RC produced seedlings with a similar growth as the rockwool medium. The results obtained suggest that rockwool can be replaced with a new material such as phenolic foam in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Fascinato' paprika.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

To improve crop productivity with optimal water management in soilless culture, the information of physical characteristics of the root medium including water behavior should be required. The objectives of this study were to analyze the physical characteristics including hydraulic properties of the root media commercially used and to analyze the relationships between actual moisture content and measured one by FDR sensor. The weight of the medium was measured by load cell for calculating the actual moisture content. The accuracy of the moisture content measured by FDR sensor was obtained by comparing with the actual one. The water holding capacity of the coir was lower than those of the rockwool due to the features of large and rough particles of the coir. The moisture content measured by FDR sensor showed large difference from the actual moisture contents measured by loadcell, indicating that the calibration of FDR sensor is needed before starting measurement. The optimum range of moisture content for irrigation control was narrow in the coir than the rockwool due to the lower water holding capacity and rehydration capability of the coir. The results of this study can be useful in establishing adequate irrigation strategies in the soilless culture.