• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.387-398
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• 2000

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Anterior J hook headgear on the craniofacial structures in mixed dentition with Class II malocclusion. The laterial cephalograms of 20 children treated by Anterior J hook headgear were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited. 2. Rotational effect of maxilla was not observed. 3. There was distal movement of maxillary dentition. 4. Maxillarly_dentoalveolar growth changes were more effective in anterior portion than posterior portion. 5. Mandible maintained a normal growth and mandibular plane angle was maintained during treatment period. 6. The ratio of anterior facial height to posterior facial height was almostly not changed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.4 s.99
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• pp.247-257
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• 2003

Various methods have been used on patients with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion. The activator, Frankel appliance, headgear, Herbst appliance, and Twin-block appliance are some examples. The ideal treatment effect using these appliances would be to inhibit horizontal and vertical growth of the maxilla while promoting mandibular growth and obtaining optimum dentition. The Teuscher appliance has a simultaneous combined headgear effect with maxillary growth inhibition and an activator effect with mandibular growth promotion. The purpose of this study was to examine how well these effects were clinically obtained and the results are as follows. 1. The forward growth of the maxilla was effectively inhibited. 2. The downward-forward growth of the maxillary dentoalveolar complex was inhibited. 3. Growth promotion of the mandible was not observed. 4. The overjet, overbite, molar key were effectively improved. 5. The protruded upper lip and facial profile were unproved.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2000

The conventional treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion has been focused on the application of orthopedic forrce primarily to the mandible. Thus moderate Class III malocclusions can be corrected by the anterior displacement of the maxilla and maxillary dentition, possibly by restricting the growth of the mandible or by changing its direction. The patients having skeletal Class III malocclusion were treated with removable appliance & fixed appliance for detailed tooth movement and the following results were observed: 1. The anterior crossbite was corrected. 2. The forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex was obtained. 3. The lingual tipping of the mandiblar incisors was performed and the mandible was rotated in the clockwise direction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.496-503
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• 2001

Maxilla overgrowth who diagnosis with skeletal Class II division 1 have transverse and also sagittal problem. If maxillary growth vector is direction to anterior inferior, mandible is rotation to clockwise pattern and it disturbance it's anterior growth. At this time, treatment goal is restrict of maxillary growth to accomplish ideal intermaxillary relation and one of treatment choice is the application of extraoral force. This report is 3 case treated by activator and headgear combination therapy, who diagnosed with skeletal Class II div. 1 malocclusion.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy used on pediatric oncology patients often causes dentofacial anomalies. Defects noted include tooth and root agenesis, root thinning, root shortening, localized enamel defect and maxillofacial underdevelopment. The effect of radiotherapy usually is confined to the radiation site but the effect of chemotherapy may be more wide spread becuase of its systemic distribution. Many pediatric cancers are treated with a combination of radiation and multiagent chemotherapy. Dental treatment affected by chemotherapy and radiation therapy damage to developing teeth and maxilloface includes retention of teeth, space maintenance, prosthetic considerations, requirements for oral hygiene. The following case related to multiple rootless teeth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2016

Many types of orthopedic appliances have been developed and used for the treatment of class II malocclusion in pediatric dentistry. Headgear is one of the extraoral appliances, which is used for the purpose of preventing the overgrowth of maxilla. Hotz appliance is used in couple with a cervical headgear for the expansion of maxilla and retraction of maxillary incisors. This case report is about the orthodontic treatment of three patients with class II division I malocclusion. These young patients were given orthopedic treatment in combination with a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance. After the treatment using these extraoral and intraoral appliances, succeeding treatments were practiced considering individual needs as follows: fixed orthodontic appliance for mandibular anterior crowding, Class II activator for retention and additory orthopedic treatment and the retention with Hotz appliance. Young patients with Class II division I malocclusion reported in this study received the orthodontic treatment using a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance as well as appropriate succeeding treatment afterward. All patients received improved convex profiles and lip protrusions by retracting maxilla and maxillary incisors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.421-430
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• 1997

Alveolar bone grows with development of tooth germs and roots; bone deposition occurs with tooth eruption. Bone components undergoes processes of resorption and deposition, and when the balance between them is disrupted, decrease in alveolar bone height or excessive bone deposition result. It has been hon that repositioning of teeth through orthodontic treatment can cause alveolar bone resorption which result in decreased alveolar bone height, and there have been many studies to evaluate such effects. X-ray films that could be replicated and standardized were chosen in clinical studies, and among them, bitewing films were used for objective evaluation of changes in alveolar bone level. Twenty subjects, 10 to 13-year- old (average 12.2) children with Cl I molar key, healthy oral condition, no congenital missing, no periodontal disease, and pre-and post-orthodontic bitewing films, were randomly selected for comparison of alveolar bone heights. Amounts of tooth and changes in alveolar bone heights were analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1. Amount of tooth movement in canine, premolar, and molar regions, changes in tooth axis, and changes in alveolar bone heights were measured, and the mean and median values were obtained. 2. When pre-and post-orthodontic alveolar bone levels were compared, larger changes were noticed in maxilla than mandible. 3. When mesio-distally compared, larger changes were observed in the distal sides of 3D3 and 4M3, mesial sides of 4M3 and 4D3, distal sides of 4D3 and 5M3, mesial sides of 5M3 and 5D3, md distal sides of 5D3 and 6M3. 4. When the amounts of tooth movements(TX, TY)and changes in tooth axis(A) were compared,34TX, 34TY, 34A of both sides in maxilla were greater, iud changes in alveolar bone level were greater than any other region.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 편측성 구순구개열 (UCLP) 환자에서 술전 비치조 정형장치 (presurgical nasoalveolar molding appliance, PNAM) 와 구순 봉합수술의 치조골 정형효과를 3차원 (3-D) 분석을 통하여 평가하는 것이다. 연구대상은 16명의 UCLP 환자 (평균 파열부거리: 10.46mm) 이며 PNAM 장치에 의한 치료와 rotation-advancement법에 의한 구순 봉합수술을 받았다 처음 내원시 (평균연령: $37.0{\pm}27.89$ 일), PNAM 치료를 받고 난 후이며 구순봉합수술 1달 전 (평균연령: $119.25{\pm}40.18$ 일), 구순봉합수술 2달 후 (평균연령: $190.81{\pm}42.78$ 일)에 상악의 인상을 채득하였다. 그 후 laser scanning machine (Orapix, Dimennex, Seoul, Korea) 과 3-D view software (3Dxer, Dimennex) 를 사용하여 3-D모형을 제작하였다. 선, 각도, 정중선변이, 거리, 면적 항목을 3-D 모형상에서 계측하고, 각 시기별의 차이를 비교하기 위하여 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 사용하여 분석하였다. PNAM치료 동안과 구순 봉합수술 후에도 치조골 후방부는 안정된 구조물이었다. PNAM치료에 의한 파열부 거리의 감소는 대분절 (greater segment) 의 내측 굴곡 (bending) 에 의하여 발생하였다. 대분절 (greater segment)의 전방 성장은 PNAM치료에 의하여 억제되었으나, 구순 봉합수술 후에 회복되었다. 구순 봉합수술 후에 대분절과 소분절 사이의 전방부 각도의 증가는 구순 반흔 (lip scar) 의 압력에 의한 치조골 정형 효과 때문으로 생각된다. 정중선변이는 PNAM치료에 의하여 개선되었다. PNAM치료 동안과 구순 봉합수술 후에 구개부 (palatal segment) 의 면적은 계속 증가하였다. 치조골 면적과 거리 항목의 증가는 후방부에서 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 PNAM치료에 의한 치조골 정형효과는 주로 전방부에서 발생하며, 치조골의 성장은 구순 봉합수술 후에 후방부에서 주로 발생한다는 것을 의미한다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.523-534
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the horizontal & vertical bone change pattern when using cervical headgear in Class II malocclusion of growing children and compared the skeletal features between the group with increased lower facial height and the group without increase in lower facial height. The results are as follows ; 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited, downward tipping of anterior palatal plane could be seen and distal movement of maxillary first molar was observed. 2. There was relative forward movement of Mandible against the Maxillary cranial base, and relative forward movement of mandibular 1st molar against the Maxilla and vertical increase due to alveolar growth of Mandible. 3. There was significant increase in anterior and posterior facial heights but the ratio of facial height showed no significant difference. 4. The group with increased lower facial height has shorter ramus length, than the smaller palatal plane angle, and more distal movement of Maxillary 1st molar than the group without increase Ha-young Hyun

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.511-523
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• 1995

The elastic open activator is one of the modified myodynamic activator. The reduced size of the appliance mass motivates the patients' comfort and longer time of wearing. Its peculiarities in loose fitting and the lack of appliance stabilization in the mouth draws the tongue and the surrounding functional matrices on close interaction with the appliance, consigns the physiologic exertion to target structures, and eventually makes it feasible to the inland of non-extraction treatment In the context of the sagittal malocclusion, the orthodontic trench is dependent upon the growth of basal structure aimed, therefore, it is contemplated to grabble the effects of Elastic Open Activator upon the class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine Class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine class II division 1 and five division 2 patients were evaluated and analyzed, and the following observations were drawn, 1. The maxilla maintained a normal growth pattern in both groups. 2. The mandible grew anteroinferiorly in both groups. 3. The upper incisors tipped ligually in Class II division 1 and tipped labially in Class II division 2 and anterior vertical alveolar growth was interrupted in both groups. 4. The lower incisors tipped labially. 5. There was an arch expansion in both groups and increase of available space in Class II division 2