• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.54-59
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2002

Anticarcinogen is one of the major strategies for cancer control. It is well established that dietary factors play an important role in modulating the development of certain types of human cancer. We investiagted the anticarcinogenic effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) with Platycodon grandiflorum A. extracts on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. By the MTT assay, among the five partition layers of methanol extract of SS (SSM), the ethylether partition layer of SS (SSMEE) showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. We also investigated the synergistic effect of the combination of SS and PG extracts on growth inhibition of the HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the effects of five partition layers of SSM. Combination of SS and PG extracts significantly increased cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. Therefore, we were able to conclude that ethylether partition layer, SSMEE might have potentially useful cytotoxic materials on all the human cancer cells which we used. And we could suggest that the combination of SS with PG enhanced the anticarcinogenic effect on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined QR activity of partition layers of SSM, among them, SSMEE on HepG2 cells showed the highest QR activity, 3.21 as control value of 1.0.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 1993

본고의 목적은 재산세(財産稅)의 경제적(經濟的) 효과(效果)를 분석하는 데 있다. 특히 재산세(財産稅)가 주택가격(住宅價格)과 임대료(賃貸料)에 미치는 효과와 그 크기, 그리고 재산세(財産稅)의 귀착에 중점을 두었다. 재산세(財産稅)가 강화되면 (1)주택가격(住宅價格)은 하락하고, (2)임대료(賃貸料)는 상승하되 주택가격(住宅價格)이 변동하는 것과 시차를 두고서 이루어지고, 주택가격(住宅價格)과 임대료(賃貸料)의 변동폭 차이는 주택공급(住宅供給)과 주거수요(住居需要)의 가격탄력성(價格彈力性)의 차이에 좌우되며, (3)주택공급(住宅供給)의 가격탄력성(價格彈力性)이 더 비탄력적인 점을 감안할 때 주택가격(住宅價格)의 하락폭이 임대료의 상승폭보다 크고, (4)주택가격(住宅價格)의 하락폭은 실효재산세율이 사용자비용에서 차지하는 비중이 클수록 커지며, (5)현재의 낮은 실효재산세부담을 감안할 때 주택가격하락효과가 크지 않다는 것이 본고의 주요 결론이다. 재산세(財産稅)의 부담측면에서는 재산세가 강화되면 주택보유자(住宅保有者)가 그 부담을 일차적으로 지나, 임차자와 주택보유자 이외의 자본가도 역시 재산세(財産稅)의 부담을 나누어 진다. 임차자는 임대료 상승에 따른 부담을, 자본가는 자본이 주택부문에서 비주택부문으로 이동함에 따라 수익률이 전반적으로 하락하는 데 따르는 부담을 진다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2002

Since the rapid urbanization period coincides with the start of global warming, climate data might be contaminated with urbanization effect in Korea. Monthly normals of daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature of 14 stations were calculated for 1951-1980 and 1971-2000 periods. Differences in two temperature normals were regressed to the natural logarithms of population increase at corresponding 14 cities from 1966 to 1990. The regression models were used to remove potential effects of urbanization from the apparent warming, and to determine the net contribution of global warming to the temperature change in Korea during the recent half century. According to the model calculation, there was little evidence of global warming in the warm season (May through November), while urbanization effect was common in all season except April. Up to 0.5$^{\circ}C$ warming of nighttime temperature was found to be induced by urbanization. Cool season temperature was increased by up to 0.6$^{\circ}C$ due mainly to the global warming of daytime temperature.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2003

The presence-feeling enhancement method of a Virtual Reality (VR) simulator is proposed in this paper. The method is to increase realistic human feeling by mutual synergy effect between stereoscopic image and three-dimensional (3D) sound. In order to test the influence of mutual synergy effect, subject assessment with five university students is carried out using VR ship simulator having PC monitor and LCD shutter glasses. It I found that the averaged scale value of image naturalness is increased by 0.5 from $I_{nat}$=3.1 to 3.6 when blending stereoscopic images with 3D sound, and the averaged score value of sound localization is increased by 10% from $A_{SL}$ = 70~75% to $A_{SL}$ = 80~85% when blending 3D sound with stereoscopic image. In conclusion, the results show that the proposed method is able to increase the presence feeling in the VR simulator.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.138-145
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• 1998

Synergistic effect and characteristics of coliquefaction with Alaskan subbituminous coal and polypropylene (PP) were investigated in a tubing-bomb reactor. Coliquefaction results showed considerable synergistic effect on conversions for various coal/PP compositions and tetralin addition. Therefore, coliquefactions conversions at 430$^{\circ}$C and 450$^{\circ}$C with (coal 2 g+PP 2g) and 4 ml tetralin appeared 20.0 and 11.6 per cent higher respectively compared to the conversion of (coal+tetralin) and (PP+tetralin) liquefactions. According to gas chromatographic analyses, hydrogen was not needed during PP liquefactions. On the other hand, 0.70~0.83 part of tetralin per part of coal was converted into naphthalene by donoring hydrogen to free radicals during liquefaction. Also, extraction results by decalin proved that synergistic effect of coliquefaction were mainly due to PP decomposition catalysed be coal.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 1985

In order to enhance herbicidal efficacy of amide and diazine herbicides, synergistic effects of pretilachlor and pyrazoxyfene or butachlor and pyrazolate on control of Cyperus serotinus were determined by isobole method. Interaction indices(I) between pretilachlor and pyrazoxyfene treated at 0 and 3rd leaf stage were 2.64 and 2.07 and hence showed synergistic effect for control of Cyperus serotinus. The points indicated Imax between pretilachlor and pyrazoxyfene were 0.7:1.3 g ai/a and 9.0:20.5 g ai/a at 0 and 3rd leaf stage, respectively. Combination of butachlor and pyrazolate showed synergistic effect(1=1.57) on control of Cyperus serorinus and point indicated Imax was 48.0:20.9 g ai/a.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 1984

Interactions of herbicide mixtures were assessed for effective control of annual and perennial paddy weeds by isobole method(90% control) using Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi, Scirpus hotarui Ohwi, Sagittaria pygrnaea Miquel, and Cyperus serotinus Rottb which are dominated in the paddy field of Korea. Mixture of butachlor and pyrazolate showed additive effect for control of E. crusgalli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi, S. hotarui Ohwi and C. serotinus Rottb, but synergistic effect for control of S. pygmaea Miquel. Interaction of bifenox and bromobutamide showed synergistic effect to E. crusgalli Beauv. var oryzicola Ohwi and C. Serotinus Rottb, but slightly antagonistic effect to S. pygmaeo Miquel.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.591-595
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• 2001

The antioxidant and synergistic effects of sesame oil cake extract treated with $\beta$ -glucosidase were examined. The sesamin and sesamolin were identified from the 80% ethanol extract of seame oil cake treated with $\beta$ -glucosidase, which suggested the presence of the active substances as their glycosides in sesame seed. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame oil cake extract were about 8.32% (8,315.4 mg/100g) and 0.28% (2,824.5mg/100g) , respectively. Sesame oil cake extract showed antioxidant activity at concentrations of 50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm, and the effect was Increased with the addition of sesame oil cake extract. The antioxidant effect of sesame oil cake extract was stronger than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol or ascorbyl palmitate, but weaker than of BHT Also, when the sesame oil cake extract(50ppm) was used in combination with $\alpha$-tocopherol(50 ppm), the sesame oil cake showed very strong synergistic effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

We investigated the cytotoxicity effects of Lycii fructus (LF) on HePG2, MCF7 and C6 cell lines by the MTT assay. We extracted the methanol (LFM) and fractionated to five partition layers. Among partition layers, the ethylether partition layer (LFMEE) was showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. The hexane partition layer (LFMH) also was showed significant cytotoxic activities on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. We also determined the induction of intracellular quinone reductase (QR) activity on HepG2 cells. Among various partition layers of Lycii fructus; LFMH was showed the most effective such induced effect such as 1.85 to the control value of 1.0. And we also determined the enhancement of anticarcinogenic effect by combination of Lycii fructus with vitamin C on all cell lines. These results suggest that potentially useful anticarcinegenic chemicals could be isolated from LFMEE and LFMH of the Lycii frutus and also we found the enhanced effect by the combination of various partition layers of LFM with vitamin C.