• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.652-658
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• 2005

This experimental was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate which have been traditionally applied to postpartum care in Korea, and compare them with the effect of Saenghwtang. Fifty Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing $250\~280$ g were divided into five groups: a normal saline-treated group (NSG), a Saenghuatang-treated group (STG), an Ophicephlus argus-treated group (OTG), and a Crubita moschate-treated group (CTG), also non-pregnant group (NPG). Except for the NPG, each extract was administered for one week to each group after delivery. We measured the WBC, RBC, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, the platelet count, serum levels of fibrinogen, albumin, thyroxine and urine levels of sodium and potassium. STG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen content and urine levels of sodium and potassium and a significant (p<0.05) increase of RBC, hemoglobin, albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. OTG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen and the significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. CTG showed a significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with that of NSG. These results suggest that Saenghwatang is more effective than Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate for postpartum recuperation although they also have some effects on recuperation of deteriorative blood components after delivery. Therefore, these findings indicate that futher investigation for the other effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate is necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.141-151
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the type of Sanhujori subjectivity experienced by husbands of pregnant women, and analyzed the characteristics of each type. Method: Q-methodology was used and 207 statements were extracted. Finally, 37 Q-samples were derived and 40 P-samples used the 9-point scale to distribute statements. Data were collected from March-May 2018 and analyzed using PC-QUANL program. Results: The analysis of factor weights and variables showed that 48.0% of the total variance was explained by three types of subjectivity, namely, 'couple-centered pursuit of women's health', 'expecting emotional recovery and requiring social support', and 'each family makes their own family system' for which the explanatory powers were 38.1%, 5.8%, and 4.1%, respectively. Conclusion: This study is meaningful as it explores Sanhujori from the viewpoint of husbands; its findings can be used to both evaluate Sanhujori service in Korea and provide basic data to develop convergent services for Sanhujori.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2000

식용해조류인 미역(Undaria pinnatifida)은 늦가을부터 겨울, 이른 봄 동안 자라고 봄부터 초여름까지 성숙하는 1년생 해조류로 내만의 입구에 가까운 곳이나 조류가 빠른 곳에서 번식을 하며 극동아시아와 우리나라 전 해안에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 갈조류로써 그 생산량은 식용해조류중 62％를 차지하고 있으며 산후식품 또는 병약자의 건강을 회복하는 영양식으로 중요할 뿐만 아니라 특유의 부드러운 해조류 맛과 탁도 및 점성으로 오랫동안 섭취해 온 식품이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2000

식용해조류인 미역(Undaria pinnatifida)은 늦가을부터 겨울, 이른 봄 동안 자라고 봄부터 초여름까지 성숙하는 1년생 해조류로 내만의 입구에 가까운 곳이나 조류가 빠른 곳에서 번식을 하며 극동아시아와 우리나라 전 해안에 광범위하게 분포되어 있는 갈조류로써 그 생산량은 식용해조류 중 62%를 차지하고 있으며 산후식품 또는 병약자의 건강을 회복하는 영양식으로 중요할 뿐만 아니라 특유의 부드러운 해조류 맛과 탁도 및 점성으로 오랫동안 섭취해 온 식품이다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2020

Objectives : Postpartum depression is known to occur in 10-15% of mothers. The concentration of cytokine varies depending on stress, depression, pregnancy and general medical conditions. We hypothesized that the concentration of cytokines may be related to reproduction and childbirth, and that women with postpartum depression would show alterations in cytokines levels. Methods : A total of 104 pregnant women were selected as subjects, and 60 non-pregnant women were selected as normal controls. Symptoms of depression were evaluated in the pregnant study subjects using the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The pregnant subjects were divided into three groups perinatal non-depression controls (n=61), postpartum depression-recovery (n=18), and postpartum depression (n=25). Results : The plasma concentration of TGF-β1, IGF-1 was higher in the pregnant group than in non-pregnant controls (TGF-β1 ; p<0.01, IGF-1 ; p=0.026). At 24 weeks of pregnancy and 6 weeks of delivery, there were no significant differences in the plasma concentration of TGF-β1, IGF-1, β-NGF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α between the three groups. There was no statistically significant difference in all three groups during the course of depression in pregnant women. Conclusions : This study found significant difference in plasma cytokines concentrations between non-pregnant controls and perinatal non-depression controls.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2002

This study was to compare mother's postpartum physical health, mental health, and role performance between mothers with fullterm infants and preterm infants over 3 months postpartum period. The study used a correlational and longitudinal design and was secondary data analysis from a large study. A convenience sample of 132 mothers who had fullterm and preterm infants was followed up for 3 times (postpartum 1-2 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months) during the first 3 months postpartum period. Postpartum physical health was assessed by level of fatigue in the morning and in the afternoon, and number of physical symptoms. Postpartum mental health was assessed by positive affect, anxiety, and depression; and postpartum role performance was measured by role functional status. Mothers with preterm infants experienced higher levels of fatigue in the morning, lower positive affect, higher anxiety and higher depression over 3 data collection time points, compared to mothers with fullterm infants. Mothers with preterm infants also resumed lesser self-care activity and social and community activity than the counterparts. It implies that some aspects of preterm birth and caring for preterm infants continue to negatively affect the mother's health outcomes during the postpartum period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2002

While the survival rate of preterm infants and employment rates of mothers with infants have been dramatically increasing, little is known about the impact of maternal employment and having premature infants on maternal health recovery after delivery. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine differences in postpartum health by mother's employment and infant's prematurity over time during the first 3 months postpartum. The study used a longitudinal design and was secondary data analysis from a large study. A convenience sample of 132 mothers was recruited with mothers who had fullterm or preterm infants through the postpartum unit. They were followed up for 3 times (at 1-2 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months) during the first 3 months postpartum period. Level of fatigue and hysical symptoms were indicators for postpartum physical health; Positive affect and negative affect were assessed for postpartum mental health, and role functional status after childbirth was for role performance. Finding indicated that health indicators changed significantly over time but there was no main or interaction effect for maternal employment status. There were main effects of infant's prematurity on positive affect, negative affect, and role functional status (self-care and social and community activities). This study enhanced the understanding of postpartum health of mothers with preterm infants as well as those with fullterm infants during the postpartum period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 1999

This study sought to figure out women's functional status after childbirth under the Sanhujori. Functioal status was defined as the women's readiness to assume infant care responsibilities and resume her usual activities including household, social and community, self-care and occupational activity. A convenience sample of 211 women who are in the postpartal period of the range from 1 week to 3 months above and residing in Seoul. Korea was studied from January, 1997 to December, 1998 for two years. Mean age of respondents was 29.9 years and mean of the present postpartal period was 7.5 weeks. The present postpartal period was of 5-8 weeks 26.5%, 3-4weeks 26.1%, 9-12 week 23.7% and below 2 weeks 7.1%, 32.7% of women had a job and the mean period of return to job was 2.76 weeks. During Sanhujori the non professional care giver was family members from women's maiden home 73.5% and only 2% of husband. The period women needed for the recovery from now was 5.39 weeks and it means that women need 12.9weeks for recovery after childbirth. For the present subjective health status after childbirth, bad was 20.2%, good 18.3 and average 61.5% and for the recovery status, completely recovered 29.5%, slightly 61.8% and rarely 8.7%. The mean of functional status at the 7.5weeks was baby care activity 3.65, household 2.57, self-care 2.46, occupational 2.44 and social 1.53 in rank. Except baby care the functional status was generally low or very low. The related factors to the functional status were the period and subjective evaluation of Sanhujori women experienced, the present period of postpartum, and subjective feeling of recovery. This result strongly reflects the effects of Sanhujori culture and Sanhujori per se on women's postpartal life including functional status and reconfirmed the relationship between health status and the experience of Sanhujori after delivery as the previous findings from various study showed. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhujori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of Sanhujori not only as cultural phenomenon but as an inseparable factor influencing in women's postpartal healthy adaptation and for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcome.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

본 실험 은 한방에서 특히 산모의 산후 회복에 효과적 이라고 알려진 호박이 산욕기 산모의 혈액성상 회복에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위해서 진행되었다. 호박을 주원료로 8가지 한방 생약재를 첨가하여 압출액을 만든 후분만 직후의 산모 50명 에 게 21일간 복용시키고 혈액을 채취하여 적혈구와 hemoglobin을 복용전과 비교하였으며 또 호박 및 한방 생 약재를 복용하지 않은 대조군과도 비교 하였다. 본 실험 의 결과 적혈구 수치 는 분만직후의 3.65 $\times$$10^{6}$/mm에 서 4.6$\times$$10^{6}$/mm로 증가하여 3.9$\times$$10^{6}$/mm인 대조구에 비하여 높은 증가효과를 보여주었으며 정상적인 적혈구 범 위 에 드는 결과를 보여주었다. Hemoglobin의 경우도 분만 직후 10.35 g/dL에서 복용 21일 만에 12.61 g/dL로 증가하여 대조군인 10.88 g/dL과 비교하였을 때 유의적인 증가효과를 보여주었다 Hemoglobin수치 역시 임신 초기의 평균적인 수준을 초과하였으며 정상의 범위에 속하는 수준으로 회복하는 결과였다. 이후 적혈구와 hemeglobin 뿐 아니라 좀더 자세한 혈액성상을 연구할 과제가 있으나 본 연구의 결과 호박을 주원료로 한 한방 생약재 추출액은 분만 직후 산모의 적혈구 수치 및 hemoglobin의 회복에 효과적이라고 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2005

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang (MS) and Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang plus Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (MS-C) on postpartum recovery and lactation. Materials and Methods : We used 18-week pregnant Spraque Dawley rats and administered the decoctions of MS and MS-C to rats once a day for 4 days or 8 days. Then we observed changes in the body weight of pup rats and complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, mammary gland tissue, level of serum prolactin, ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP of postpartum rats. Result : A significant increase in body weight was observed in MS-C treated pup rats compared with in MS treated group. The levels of WBC and platelet from MS group and MS-C group were decreased compared with the control group. The levels of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit from MS group and MS-C group showed statistically significant increases compared with the control group. The levels of protein, albumin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The levels of BUN, creatinine from MS group and MS-C group did not show statistically significant changes compared with the control group. The mammary gland tissues from MS group and MS-C group showed increased angiogenesis. The levels of serum prolactin from MS group and MS-C group were increased compared with the control group. The expression of ${\beta}-casein$ and WAP genes from postpartum rats treated with MS and MS-C was increased. Conclusion : This study shows that MS and MS-C improved postpartum recovery and lactation in rats.