• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.297-310
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• 2007

치조골 흡수는 파골세포와 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)에 의한 골의 무기질과 유기질의 파괴로 일어나는 과정이다. 세균성 산물, 주로 내독소는 치은조직 내에서 염증세포의 유주, 사이토카인 생산, 조직파괴 효소 분비 및 파골세포 활성 등의 국소 면역반응을 유도한다. A. actinomycetemcomitans는 급진성 치주염의 원인 균주중 하나로 그 내독소는 치조골의 흡수와 관련된다. MMP-13은 세균성 산물이나 염증성 사이토카인의 자극에 의해 분비되며, 최근의 연구 결과들은 MMP-13이 치주질환의 진행과 골 흡수 과정에서 일정한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보고하고 있으나, A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소와 MMP-13과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이에 이번 연구에서는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소에 의한 MMP-13의 발현과 파골세포 형성을 세포배양을 통하여 관찰하였고, 백서 구개부 치은에 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입하여 흡수가 진행되고 있는 치조골에서 파골세포의 분화와 MMP-13의 발현을 TRAP 염색, 면역조직화학적 방법 등을 통해 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. MMP-13 mPNA의 발현은 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 (1ug/ml)로 24시간 자극한 마우스 치주인대 섬유모세포에서 생리식염수로 자극한 세포에 비하여 약 2.6배 증가하였으며 마우스 대식세포에서는 TRAP 양성 세포가 대조군보다 더 많이 나타났다. A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입한 백서 치주조직에서는 대조군보다 더 심한 골소실을 보였다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군과 대조군 모두 치조골에서 관찰되었다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었으며, 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었다. MMP-13 면역양성 반응은 치주염군에서 거친 골연을 갖는 치조골상에 배열된 조골세포와 그 인접한 치주인대에서 관찰되었으며 대조군에서는 MMP-13 면역 양성 반응이 치조골 표면에서만 일부 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독속가 MMP-13의 발현을 증가시키며 파골세포의 활성을 통하여 치조골의 흡수를 유도함을 시사한다. 또한 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 투여에 의한 실험적 모델은 백서에서 중등도의 골 소실을 동반한 만성 치주염 모델로 향후 치주질환 치료제의 효과를 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.610-617
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• 2012

Trifoliate orange components consist of several kinds, such as monoterpenes, limonoids, flavonoids, and coumarins. Coumarin derivatives were shown to possess valuable pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and dietary effect. Among them, 7-geranyloxycoumarin 6 is a promising chemopreventive agent againist skin, tongue, oesophaqus and colon carcinogenesis in rodents. Seven new coumarin derivatives structurally related to 7-geranyloxycoumarin were synthesised in good yields by $Cs_2CO_3$/acetonitrile condition. We investigated the effect of anti-inflammatory activity on interleukin-6 for synthesised geranyloxycoumarin derivatives. 6-Geranyoxycoumarin 9 (68.9% / $1{\mu}M$ ; 72.6% / $10{\mu}M$) of the anti-inflammatory activity is far higher than 7-Geranyloxycoumarin 5 (40.1% / $1{\mu}M$ ; 61.1% / $10{\mu}M$) and their other derivatives.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between TNF polymorphism and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) in Korean subjects. The study population consisted of 60 subjects with GAP and 81 reference group. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buccal swabs and the polymorphisms of $TNF-{\alpha}-308$, -238 promoter genes, $TNF-{\beta}+252$ and TNFR 2+587 were determined by PCR-RFLP using restriction enzymes. The genotype distribution in the GAP were 3.2%, 38.7%, and 82.35% for A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes of $TNF-{\alpha}-308$. At the position of $TNF-{\alpha}-238$, the genotype distribution in the GAP were 25.5% and 74.5% for A/G and G/G genotypes. Allele A frequency of $TNF-{\alpha}-238$ were 67.6% in GAP and 72.2% in reference group. According to these findings, the polymorphism at $TNF-{\alpha}-308$ and -238 may be associated with GAP in Korean.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated whether Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. var. coloratum) has anti-inflammatory effects that play key roles in the regulation of pathological mechanism of atopic dermatitis (AD). Four kinds of fractions, hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU), and methylene chloride (MC), were used and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and RBL-2H3 rat basophils were used to measure various inflammatory markers. EA significantly decreased mRNA expression and protein secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-4 but HX did not affect these markers. In addition, BU decreased mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-6 whereas MC decreased IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions. As a result, Korean mistletoe can show anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines related to AD, so it is thought that it will be possible to develop functional cosmetics related to this.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2022

In this study, we assessed anti-oxidant activity, anti-microbial, inhibition of biofilm formation and inflammatory factors(nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-8) inhibitory effect of Perillae semen hydrothermal extract(PSW) and three kinds of Perillae semen supercritical fluid extract(PSSs) extracted by controlling temperature with no variation of pressure. Compared with PSW, PSSs had significantly lower minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and the ability of PSSs to inhibit formation of biofilm was also superior. PSSs reduce the production of inflammatory mediator and inflammatory cytokines significantly compared to PSW. We suggest, therefore, Perillae semen supercritical fluid 45℃ extract which showed the best anti-microbial, inhibition of biofilm formation, and inhibition of inflammatory factors production among the supercritical fluid extracts could be used for protecting patients with atopic dermatitis from pruritus and transepidermal water loss as a functional ingredient from nature.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of stocking density and strain on the performance and physiological adaptive responses including the plasma corticosterone content and the level of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes in broiler chicks. A total of 300 birds of two strains (150 Ross strain vs. 150 Cobb strain) aged 3-d old were allotted into two stocking densities (standard stocking density,$0.046m^2/bird$ vs. high stocking density, $0.023m^2/bird$) in battery cages by $2{\times}2$ factorial designs with ten replicates until 35 d of age. There was no significant strain effect on body weight, feed intakes and feed to gain ratio and the relative organ weights. However body weight, feed intakes and relative organ weight were found to be significantly (P<0.05) affected by the effect of stocking density. Plasma corticosterone level was not affected by both stocking density and strain effects. Hepatic mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, IL-18 and interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) was not significantly changed by the effects of strain and stocking density. However, the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was affected by strain, showing that Ross strain decreased (P<0.05) the GPX expression. With respect to the effect of stocking density, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and GPX mRNA expression in the liver from high stocking density group. Splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was not also affected by stocking density and strain, except that IL-18 mRNA significantly (P<0.05) decreased in Cobb strain under high stocking density. The mRNA expression of SOD and CAT was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the effects of stocking density and strain. In conclusion, growth performance was not affected by strain but stocking density. Although mRNA expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines was not changed by stocking density and strain, antioxidant enzyme was significantly affected by stocking density, strain or even organ in birds under summer conditions. More detailed studies still needed to be explored to elucidate the effects of environmental conditions and genetic background on physiological responses in birds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2008

Ixeris sonchifolia Hance (Godulbaegi), Oenanthe javanica (Dolminari), Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Buckwheat>, Hizikia fusiforme (Seaweed Fusiforme) and Zingiber ojficinale Roscoe (Ginger) have been used respectively as one of folk remedies as well as food materials. However, reportedly few studies on their immunomodulating effects have been made, although it has been known from other preceding studies that the ex vivo supplementation of each Ish, OJ, Fem, Hf, Zor water extracts tends to enhance the proliferation of splenocyte in comparison to the control group. This study on the combined immunomodulative effect of water extract mixture of these five food materials (Ish + Oj + Fem +Hf+Zor) lasted covering seven or eight weeks. The old mice (balb/c) was fed ad libitum on chow diet, and the water extract of plant mixture was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg B.W) . After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocyte was determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The production of cytokine ($IL-{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$) which was secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not was detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. After the 48 hours of incubation with the mitogen (ConA or LPS) stimulation, the proliferation of the mice splenocyt in the experimental group statisticaly increased at both of two different concentrations in comparison to the control group. The cytokines production was more significantly enhanced at the lower supplementation (50 mg/kg B.W.) group than at the higher concentration (500 mg/kg B.W.). The result of this study may suggest that the supplementation of water extract of plant mixture can regulate and enhance the immune function by increasing the splenocyte proliferation and regulating the cytokine production capacity by the activated macrophages in mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.515-528
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the immunological activity and optimized the mixture conditions of Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) extracts in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: S. horneri was extracted using three different methods: hot water extraction (HWE), 50% ethanol extraction (EE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production (Interleukin-2 and Interferon-γ) were measured using a WST-1 assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The levels of nitric oxide and T cell activation production were measured using a Griess assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined using an EZ-LDH kit. Results: Among the three different types of extracts, HWE showed the highest levels of splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. In the animal model, three different types of extracts were administrated for 14 days (once/day) at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. HWE and SFE showed a high level of splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production in the with and without mitogen-treated groups, whereas EE administration did not induce the splenocyte activation. When RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with different mixtures (HWE with 5, 10, 15, 20% of SFE) to determine the optimal mixture ratio of HWE and SFE, the levels of nitric oxide and cytokine production increased strongly in the HWE with 5% and 10% of SFE containing group. In the animal model, HWE with 5% and 10% of SFE mixture administration increased the levels of splenocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and activated CD4⁺ cell population significantly, with the highest level observed in the HWE with 5% of SFE group. Moreover, the NK cell activity was increased significantly in the HWE with 5% of SFE mixture-treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The optimal mixture condition of S. horneri with immune-enhancing activity is the HWE with 5% of SFE mixture. These results confirmed that the extracts of S. horneri and its mixtures are potential candidate materials for immune enhancement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.497-505
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• 2015

Traditional herbs, such as Lonicera japonica, Arctii Fructus, and Scutellariae Radix have been used as traditional drug due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract mixture (YG-1) in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation in both macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. YG-1 did not show specific cellular toxicity in RAW 264.7 cells until a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. YG-1 reduced various markers related to inflammation such as IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, and iNOS caused by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, YG-1 exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects in an acute inflammation rat model. Acute fever and high concentration of IL-$1{\beta}$ in serum induced by LPS were significantly reduced by YG-1. These results were similar to flubiprofen, a commercial anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile drug. Therefore, these results indicate that YG-1 has beneficial effects on LPS-induced acute inflammation and suggest that YG-1 can serve as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile drug.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2015

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia elliptica Holmes (GEHEE) on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There were no cytotoxic effects on proliferation of macrophages treated with GEHEE compared to the control. GEHEE remarkably suppressed NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $interleukin-1{\beta}$) production and reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) proteins in a dose-dependent manner. GEHEE also significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The formation of edema in mouse ears was reduced at the highest dose compared to the control. GEHEE also reduced dermal thickness and mast cell numbers based on histological analysis. These results suggest that GEHEE exerts significant anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs activation and may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic material.