• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

The ultrastructure of the fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper, Odontobutis obscurus interrupta belong to Eleotrididae was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The fertilized egg of dark sleeper was of transparent, ellipsoidal, adhesive and demersal type, and there were numerous oil droplets in the yolk sac and adhesive filaments in the area of the animal pole. The outer surface of egg envelope was smooth with pore canal. The fertilized egg envelope consisted of two layers, an outer nonadhesive layer and an inner layer, consisting of seven horizontal low electron-dense lamellae alternating with the middle electron dense interlamellae. These ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2005

Three unrecorded fern species from the flora of Korea, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Athyrium epirhachis, and Asplenium castaneo-viride, are reported here. Nephrolepis cordifolia, recognized as introduced species and cultivation in Korea until now, is found in the wild at the entrance of small cave in Jeju island. Athyrium epirhachis is found under the Quercus acuta forest at about 400 - 500 m alt. in Jeju island. This species is similar to A. otophorum but different from the latter by having once pinnately divided leaf blade and the decurrent base of ultimate segment. Asplenium castaneo-viride is hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. incisum and is distinguished from parental species by presence of proliferation, shape of leaf blade, pattern of venation, and leaf texture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2012

We report a newly naturalized species of the genus Bidens L. (Asteraceae) in Korea, specifically Bidens subalternans DC. var. subalternans. This naturalized plant was discovered Geumjung-gu in Busan; Gyeongsan-si, Jillyang-eup in Gyeongbuk-do; and in Buk-gu in Daegu. Bidens subalternans var. subalternans is distinguishable from other Bidens in Korea by the following combination of characteristics: an odd-pinnate leaf, deeply lobed, narrow lanceolate, four lobes in the corolla, an oblong achene shape. This taxon is termed 'Wang-do-kka-bi-ba-neul' as a common Korean name based on its large size (in particular, the size of leaf). The key for all taxa of the genus Bidens in Korea is also provided here.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

A closely associated set of characteristics was analyzed using both classical and truss dimensions to discriminate the morphometric traits of three species of torrent catfish (Amblycipitidae) in Korea. After arcsine square root transformation, 18 measurements relative to the standard length and three measurements relative to the head length of each species of torrent catfish were compared statistically. Classical and truss dimensions of each of four morphometric traits showed higher values in the bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus, than the Korean and south torrent catfish (L. andersoni and L. mediadiposalisa, respectively; P<0.05). Truss dimensions of three morphometric traits were higher in the bullhead and Korean torrent catfish than in the south torrent catfish (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in six morphometric traits among these Amblycipitidae. The dimensions used in this study may be useful as taxonomic indicators to discriminate species of Liobagrus in Korea.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.8
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

The Conservation Science Team at National Museum of Korea has Reproduced the silk wrapper that was used the sarira reliquary found from Pagoda in the Bonginsa, in order to use it in the process of alternating the relics on display in the Hangeul(the Korean language) of the Historical Gallery. Silk fabric of the same texture as the original was used for reproduction. As for the process of dyeing silk fabric, fermented Indigo deposits was used for bluish color, while fruits of the alder trees were used to express the parts that have been faded into yellowish. The Korean characters(court style hangeul) written on the wrapper have been replicated through the use of Ink-stick.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

The Buddhist reliquaries of these 6 Reliquaries(松林寺, 感恩寺, 法門寺, 慶山寺, 唐招提寺, 法隆寺 玉蟲廚子), when compared with those of China, Japan and Korea in the same period, they worshiped the Buddhist reliquary as a Buddhist God itself and put them as a part of the architectural decoration, being installed in the construction forms. In the form and the composition of the architecture, we can see those having been designed with very detailed and brightly decorated form. The Buddhist reliquaries in the Song-Lim-Sa, Kam-Eun-Sa, Famensi, Qingshansi, Toshodaiji, and the Horyuji Tamamushi Zushi, the most important ones in this research, were in the precious tent and the inner and outer Coffins shapes having completely the altar part, interior space part, and the ceiling part, which inform us the whole structure of the architecture in details. After all these researches, we conclude that the Buddhist reliquaries in form of the Treasure-architecture represented the architectural style of the same period as a form of industrial arts and we can see that they tried to use all of their highly skilled and talented methods to describe the Buddhist Pure Land.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

This is a study on the construction of the Heungcheon-Temple. The results are follows. 1) The Heungcheon-Temple was anticipated to be the Jeongneung. However, when completed, the Heungcheon-Temple was symbolized Buddhism; moreover, there was a stupa enshrined sarira. The stupa was a land mark in Hanyang. While king Sejong repaired the stupa, it disappeared during the regin of King Jungjong. Before it disappeared the stupa signified a Buddhist event and a rite of good fortune. 2) The stupa was constructed using a double-frame, and there was a stone-stupa in an octagonal multi-layer temple. This single location consisted of a sarira space and a worship space. 3) Buddhist Relic(Sarira) worship was to witness holiness and therefore reics could be moved according to need. It appeared as though Buddhist Relic worship occurred in Southeast Asia. 4) The Heungcheon-Temple stupa was considered a new and superior architectural-symbol to comfort people and recognize the new order of Ming and neo-Confucianism. Therefore, the stupa was a good alternative to politics, religion, and external relations during the early Joseon era.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 2018

Daejangjeon of Geumsansa Temple was built to store the Tripitaka Koreana, although it does not contain the Tripitaka at present and instead contains a Buddha Triad. According to Geumsansaji (Historical Record of Geumsansa Temple), this structure was originally a wooden pagoda. It is said that Geumsansa became a Buddhist temple due to its tradition of preserving a statue of Buddha and the Buddhist sutras. It is special that the Wooden Pagoda which keeps its ashes turned into a Daejangjeon. Also, it is symbolic that the Daejangjeon is symbolic and it does not store the stura, but this building is symbolic and complex. By analyzing the changes in the building process and religious beliefs, it is possible to ascertain the relationship between faith and religion in the latter phase of the Joseon Dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2006

Phylogenetic relationships and DNA polymorphism among local populations of the Korean native catfish species, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, have been investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences. As a result, three genetically distinct groups of local populations were recognized based on the phylogenetic tree constructed. The first group was called "Nakdong-river group" that included the local populations from Geumho-river, Gyeongho-river, and Deokcheon-river; the second one was "Geum-river group"; the third one was represented as "Seomjin-river group" that included the samples from Seomjin-river, Dongjin-river and Geokum-do. The phylogeny also implied that the ancestral group of L. mediadiposalis have first evolved to Nakdong-river group, and later two local populations (Geum-river and Seomjinriver group) were diverged from the other lineage. DNA polymorphisms we observed were 4.4~4.7% between Geum-river group and Seomjin-river group, 5.1~5.5% between Seomjinriver group and Nakdong-river group, and 5.5~5.7% between Nakdong-river group and Geumriver group. These results indicated the long period of geographic isolation due to the river system in Korea caused such high degrees of DNA polymorphisms between local populations of L. mediadiposalis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.509-522
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• 2008

한국산 가막사리속(Bidens L.)에 포함된 10분류군(8종 2변종)의 수과형태를 연구하기 위하여 입체현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 연구된 가막사리속에서 까끄라기를 제외한 수과의 크기는 $3.0-19.5{\times}0.7-2.6 mm$이다. 관모는2-4개의 까끄라기로 구성되어 있고, 까끄라기의 길이는 2.2-5.6 mm이다. 강모의 배열은 1-3열이었다. 수과의 다형화가 6개의 분류군(B. bipinnata, B. biternata, B. frondosa, B. parviflora, B. pilosa var. pilosa, B. tripartita var. tripartita)에서 확인되었다. 수과의 형태와 까끄라기의 수에 의해 4가지 유형으로 구분되었다. - Type A: 장타원형이고, 까끄라기 수는 2개(B. parviflora); Type B: 장타원형이고, 까끄라기 수는 3개 이상(B. bipinnata, B. biternata, B. pilosa var. pilosa, B. pilosa var. minor) Type C: 도란형이고, 까끄라기의 수는 2개(B. frondosa, B. radiata var. radiata, B. radiata var. pinnatifida, B. tripartita var. tripartita); Type D: 도란형이고, 까끄라기의 수는 3개 이상(B. cernua). 까끄라기의 강모 표면무늬는 3가지 즉 나선상, 평활상, 불규칙한 직선형으로 나타났다. 수과의 표면은 각피층이 발달한 다각형, 평활상 그리고 굴곡형으로 나타났다. 수과형질의 분류학적 적용에 대하여 간략하게 토의하였다. 수과형질을 바탕으로 한국산 가막사리속 분류군에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.