• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2015

해양사고는 발생 직후의 적절한 초기대응 여부에 따라 사고 이후 다양한 사건 전개 양상을 보이게 되며, 이러한, 해양사고 발생 시 초기 대응을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 발생한 해양사고의 속성을 명확하게 파악하는 작업이 선행되어야 한다. 또한, 얼마나 빨리 사고 상황에 대한 정확한 정보를 수집하고, 사고 대응을 위하여 필요한 장비 / 물자를 조달할 수 있느냐에 따라 신속한 사고 대응이 될 수도, 그렇지 못할 수도 있다. 이렇듯, 효과적이고 신속한 초기 대응을 위해서는 선박 종류 및 사고 종류 별 다양한 조건의 선박 사고에 대한 정보를 갖춘 사고 대응 시스템이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 해양사고 발생 이후 전개되는 시나리오들에 대한 위험도를 비교 평가할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하기 위한 일환으로, 해양사고 대응 사례 조사를 통하여 해양사고 대응 시 필요한 정보들을 식별하고, 사고 대응 시 사용되거나 고려되었던 대응 방법들을 식별하여 정리하였다. 또한, 식별된 정보들을 바탕으로, 유조선, 컨테이너선 및 여객선에 대한 해양사고 발생 후 사건전개 시나리오들을 식별 및 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.310-317
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study, the characteristics of hazardous chemical transport vehicle accidents during the last six years from 2014 to 2019 was analyzed. This study is to prevent chemical transport accidents. Method: Using statistics from the Ministry of Environment, chemical transport vehicle accidents were classified into accident type, accident cause and vehicle type. Result: Of the total 506 cases chemical accidents, 105 cases were caused by transport vehicle. More than 20 percent of total accidents were reported. Most of the accidents were caused by spill·leak. The main causes of the accident were traffic accidents(49 cases) and management negligence(29 cases). This was more than 74% of all transport vehicle accidents. By vehicle type, 57 cases(54%) were most common in tank lorries, followed by trucks (39 cases, 37%) and trailers (9 cases, 9%). Conclusion: In order to prevent accident of transport vehicle, thorough inspection of the transport vehicle is required and safe operation of the driver. In addition, the government needs to expand real-time monitoring of transport vehicles and comprehensively manage different systems by the relevant ministries.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

This study analyzed the characteristics of chemical accidents, including the accidents occurring each year according to status, type of accident, accident cause for chemical substance transporting accidents. The major aim of this study was to provide information on the chemical accidents that occurred involving chemical substance transporting accidents from 2013 to July - 2016. The total incidence of chemical transporting accidents was 77 cases; 74 cases occurred by the spill & leakage type. The main cause of the accidents analyzed was traffic accidents (41 cases). Forty-six accidents were related to hazardous chemical substances. Among the 46 hazardous chemical substances involved in transporting chemical accidents, 46% of the accident substances were hydrogen chloride. For the prevention and response to accidents occurring during the transportation of chemicals, it is necessary to complement the precautions for chemical accidents caused by transportation accidents and chemical spills and leaks of chemicals. In addition, when the chemical transport of an accident occurs, it is necessary to apply a chemical transport safety system for chemical transfer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2018

Standard guidelines for marine accident investigation have been prepared through the enforcement of the Casualty Investigation code as of January 2010. In addition, as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommended contracting the state to manage a marine incident system established under this code, Korea also has newly established provisions for a marine incident system in the 'Act on the Investigation of and Inquiry into Marine Accidents' also as of 2010. The Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) has made a multilateral effort to prevent marine accidents through the efficient operation of a marine incident system, but this system has not been properly activated. This study examines the operational status and problems of a marine incident system and analyzes the marine incident systems of foreign countries and similar transportation agencies such as railroads and aviation. Options include switching to voluntary reporting of marine incidents, transferring responsibility to a non judicial private organization, expanding incentive systems for a marine incidents, revising regulation and preparing detailed implementation guidelines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.745-756
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• 2020

An ICS(industrial control system) is a complex system that safely and efficiently monitors and controls industrial processes such as electric power, water treatment, transportation, automation plants and chemical plants. Because successful cyber attacks targeting ICS can lead to casualties or serious economic losses, it becomes a prime target of hacker groups sponsored by national state. Cyber campaigns such as Stuxnet, Industroyer and TRITON are real examples of successful ICS attacks, and were developed based on the deep knowledge of the target ICS. Therefore, for incident investigation of ICSs, inspectors also need knowledge of control processes and accident investigation techniques specialized for ICSs. Because there is no applicable technology, it is especially necessary to develop techniques and tools for embedded controllers located at cyber and physical boundaries. As the first step in this research, we reviewed logging capability of 4 PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)s widely used in an ICS area, and checked whether selected PLCs generate logs that can be used for digital investigation in the proposed cyber attack scenario.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.269-271
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• 2007

현재 세계 각지에는 선박이 통항하는 항행수역에 해상교량이 건설되고 있다. 이와 동반하여 선박이 해상교량에 충돌하는 사고가 발생하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2009년 인천 제2연육교의 완성과 더불어 선박이 통항하는 항행수역에 해상교량이 건설되는 경우가 많아지고 있다. 이러한 해역에 건설된 해상교량은 선박의 항행수역에 건설되기 때문에 타와 주기관의 고장 등으로 선박이 해상 교량에 충돌할 가능성이 있다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 충돌사고 예방을 위하여 외국 및 우리나라의 해상교량과 관련한 해양사고 발생 현황 및 원인에 대하여 조사하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

가스보일러의 확대 보급으로 2006년도 932만대가 주택, 상가 및 산업현장 등에 보급되어 생활의 편리성이 높아지고 있으나 가스보일러의 설치불량, 관리소홀 및 제품의 노후 등으로 사고가 끊이지 않고 발생하고 있다. 가스보일러가 연소 중에 발생하는 배기가스가 실내에 유출되어 최근 5년간 30건의 사고로 사상자가 92명이 발생하는 등 1건의 사고로 3명이상의 높은 인명 피해를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 가스보일러의 사고통계분석과 2건의 사고사례를 분석한 결과 가스보일러의 제품의 안전성 향상과 실내에 배기가스가 누출되었을 때 신속히 검지할 수 있는 경보시스템의 방안이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2019

하천 유량측정은 대부분의 업무가 야외에서 진행되기 때문에 사고위험에 항상 노출되어 있다. 특히. 교통, 수상안전 사고 등 사회적 안전사고에 대해서는 큰 노력을 기울여 대비하고 있으나, 폭염, 한파 등 자연적 안전사고에 대해서는 아직 대비가 미비하다. 본 연구에서는 겨울철 한파로 인해 발생할 수 있는 안전사고를 예방하고자 한파위험지수(CWRI)를 PSR 구조체계를 통해 제안하였다, 압력, 상태, 반응 지수 산정을 위해 각 요인에 대한 세부지표를 선정하고, 각 지수에 대한 가중치는 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 한파위험지수를 제안하였다. 그 결과, 전국 14개 광역시도 중 서울특별시가 가장 높고 경상남도가 가장 낮은 한파 위험지수를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 겨울철 유량측정 시 측정 인원에 대한 안전 계획을 수립하여 안전사고 예방 효과를 높일 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-127
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• 2017

Even with the most advanced aviation technology benefits, aircraft accidents are constantly occurring while air passenger transportation volume is expected to double in the next 15 years. Since it is not possible to secure aviation safety only by the post aircraft accident safety action of accident investigations, it has been recognized and consensus has been formed that proactive and predictive prevention measures are necessary. In this sense, the aviation safety management system (SMS) was introduced in 2008 and has been carried out in earnest since 2011. SMS is a proactive and predictive aircraft accident preventive measure, which is a mechanism to eliminate the fundamental risk factors by approaching organizational factors beyond technological factors and human factors related to aviation safety. The methodology is to collect hazards in all the sites required for aircraft operations, to build a database, to analyze the risks, and through managing risks, to keep the risks acceptable or below. Therefore, the improper implementation of SMS indicates that the aircraft accident prevention is insufficient and it is to be directly connected with the aircraft accident. Reports of duty performance related hazards including their own errors are essential and most important in SMS. Under the policy of just culture for voluntary reporting, the guarantee of information providers' anonymity, non-punishment and non-blame should be basically secured, but to this end, under-reporting is stagnant due to lack of trust in their own organizations. It is necessary for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management to take a leading role to foster the safety culture initiating from just culture with the safety consciousness, balancing between safety and profit for the organization. Though a Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's order, "Guidance on SMS Implementation" states the training required for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management, it is not legally binding. Thus it is suggested that the SMS training completion certificates of accountable executive(CEO) and senior management be included in SMS approval application form that is legally required by "Korea Aviation Safety Program" in addition to other required documents such as a copy of SMS manual. Also, SMS related items are missing in the aircraft accident investigation, so that organizational factors in association with safety culture and risk management are not being investigated. This hinders from preventing future accidents, as the root cause cannot be identified. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Manuals issued by ICAO contain the SMS investigation wheres it is not included in the final report form of Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In addition, the US National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB) that has been a substantial example of the aircraft accident investigation for the other accident investigation agencies worldwide does not appear to expand the scope of investigation activities further to SMS. For these reasons, it is believed that investigation agencies conducting their investigations under Annex 13 do not include SMS in the investigation items, and the aircraft accident investigators are hardly exposed to SMS investigation methods or techniques. In this respect, it is necessary to include the SMS investigation in the organization and management information of the final report format of Annex 13. In Korea as well, in the same manner, SMS item should be added to the final report format of the Operating Regulation of the Aircraft and Railway Accident Investigation Board. If such legal and institutional improvement methods are complemented, SMS will serve the purpose of aircraft accident prevention effectively and contribute to the improvement of aviation safety in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.180-182
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• 2012

선박충돌사고 원인의 제공 정도를 밝혀 해양사고를 재발방지를 목적으로 1999년 2월 "선박충돌사고 원인제공비율 산정제도"를 마련하였으며, 2007년 1월 원인제공비율 산정지침을 제정하여 시행해 오고 있다. 이 제도의 또 다른 도입목적은 해양안전심판원의 원인제공비율을 민사재판에서 사법부가 적극 인용함으로써 해양사고관련자들 간의 신속한 분쟁해결과 경제적 부담 감송 등에 기여함에 있다. 그러나 민사소송에 있어 제공된 원인제공비율이 과실비율로 인정되는 등의 이유로 원인제공비율 산정제도가 사법권의 침해하고 있다는 문제점도 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원인제공비율 산정제도의 시행 이후 이 제도의 시행자 및 사용자 등 전문가 집단을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 제도의 효과 및 문제점 등을 분석하였다. 전문가 집단 응답자의 대부분이 제도의 필요성 (94.3%), 유용성 (88.6%) 및 신뢰성 (73%)을 피력하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 이 제도가 필요한 이유로는 "손해배상분쟁의 신속한 해결", "충돌사고 재발방지", 그리고 "이해당사자의 편의제공" 때문임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 제도의 개선을 위해서는 원인제공 비율의 표시에 있어 보다 객관적인 기준과 정량성 및 전문성의 확보가 필요하다는 지적도 확인하였다. 따라서 원인제공비율 산정제도의 개선방안으로 원인제공비율산정에 대한 신뢰성 및 공정성의 확보, 심판관에 대한 법률적 지식과 법적 소양강화 및 전문법조인의 심판관으로의 영입 등이 필요하다고 판단된다.