• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.491-505
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• 2018

As an alternative to deep geological disposal technology, which is considered as a reference concept, the domestic applicability of deep borehole disposal technology for high level radioactive waste, including spent fuel, has been preliminarily evaluated. Usually, the environment of deep borehole disposal, at a depth of 3 to 5 km, has more stable geological and geo-hydrological conditions. For this purpose, the characteristics of rock distribution in the domestic area were analyzed and drilling and investigation technologies for deep boreholes with large diameter were evaluated. Based on the results of these analyses, design criteria and requirements for the deep borehole disposal system were reviewed, and preliminary reference concept for a deep borehole disposal system, including disposal container and sealing system meeting the criteria and requirements, was developed. Subsequently, various performance assessments, including thermal stability analysis of the system and simulation of the disposal process, were performed in a 3D graphic disposal environment. With these analysis results, the preliminary evaluation of the domestic applicability of the deep borehole disposal system was performed from various points of view. In summary, due to disposal depth and simplicity, the deep borehole disposal system should bring many safety and economic benefits. However, to reduce uncertainty and to obtain the assent of the regulatory authority, an in-situ demonstration of this technology should be carried out. The current results can be used as input to establish a national high-level radioactive waste management policy. In addition, they may be provided as basic information necessary for stakeholders interested in deep borehole disposal technology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2024

Recently, countries such as Japan and France are actively using three-dimensional development of land to secure available land. In Korea, too, the lack of available land within cities is a major problem, and in particular, the problem of decline due to disconnection due to division due to the railroad is emerging. As a solution to this, interest in three-dimensional development is increasing day by day, but the application or legal effectiveness of the concept is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, assuming that the Gyeongbu Line railway in Busan is underground, we attempted to apply the type of multi-dimensional development appropriate for each region to the land that would be created, and to predict how much it would contribute to urban competitiveness by arranging the necessary facilities for each part. To this end, we have developed an urban competitiveness index that can evaluate the layout of facilities by region, and since the range of the region is different from the existing evaluation indicator, it is judged that the three-dimensional development of the railway facility site can have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the city as a result of the prediction through a subjective survey.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

In this study, the assessment of field applicability of in-situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater located in Yesan-gun was performed. Zero-valent iron/bio composite media injected PRB (Permeable Reactive Barrier) and monitoring well were installed in the contaminated groundwater site and monitored main remediation indicators during the PRB operation. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, Fe ion, TOC, and turbidity were analyzed and the diversity and population of microorganism in the PRB installed site were investigated for the verification of effect of injected PRB. In the study site where is an agricultural area, a river flows from west to east that forms a river boundary and the southern area has an impermeable sector. It was found that nitrate flows into the river, which is similar as groundwater flow. Simulation result for the fate of nitrate in groundwater showed steady state of nitrate arrived after 3~5 years passed. However, it is just to consider current conditions with no additional input of contaminant source, if additional input of contaminant source occurs contamination dispersion and time for steady state are expected to be increased. The monitoring results showed that Fe ion, TOC and turbidity in groundwater were not clearly changed in concentration after PRB installation, which indicates adaptability of the injected PRB for remediation of groundwater with no additional harmful effect to water quality. The concentration of nitrate maintained less than 5mg/L until 42 days after PRB installation and recovered its initial concentration after 84 days passed and showed termination of reactivity of injected zero-valent iron/bio composite media for removal nitrate. Nitrite and ammonia ions found after installation of PRB indicates reductive removal of nitrate. And the outstanding increase of microorganism diversity and population of Betaproteobacteria Class which includes denitrification microorganism explains biologically reductive removal of nitrate in injected PRB.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.547-559
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• 2012

Abandoned channel is vestiges of running in the past. Abandoned channels have been formed mostly by artificial river maintenance through channel straightening in Korea. Managed properly, these now abandoned channels can provide habitat for wildlife, maintain biodiversity of aquatic life, security against flooding and recreation area for human. However, because the areas are officially classified as abandoned, the channels is collapsing and decaying from years of neglect. This study suggested functional assessment for wetland-type abandoned channel in order to provide appropriate management and investment. For this reason, The study will examine and evaluate these channels with regard to the following four major criteria (Natureless, Habitat, Water-friendliness and Water quality) and 21 indices. Consequently, abandoned channel in two Nakdong river sites, site 1 was needed for protection or improvement in the medium to longer term, while site 2 was in good condition. This evaluation method will be helpful to manage wetland-type abandoned channel in Korea and will be able to use National River Health Program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1997

지난 20여년간의 비약적 경제 성장을 통하여 우리 사회는 모든 물리적 측면에서 양적인 성장과 질적인 발전을 거듭하여 왔다. 이러한 경제 성장기를 거치면서 우리의 삶은 다각도에서 변화를 겪었으며 건축환경에도 많은 변화가 있었다. 정보화, 세계화라는 시대적 흐름은 우리의 생활자체를 급속도로 변화시키고 있으며 업무용 시설을 포함한 모든 건축물이 대형화, 고층화 뿐 아니라 정보화, 현대화되고 있다. 그러나, 교육의 중요성과 이를 뒷받침해 줄 학교 시설의 중요성에도 불구하고 교육환경의 질적 개선은 상대적으로 낙후되어 있는 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 교육개혁위원회의 교육개혁방안이 계속적으로 나오고 있고 서울의 불암초등학교를 필두로 한 시설 현대화 시범학교가 시도별로 마련되고는 있지만 전반적인 교육 환경은 아직 열악한 상태이다. 특히 구도심부에 위치한 초등학교의 경우, 준공된 후 30년 이상 경과된 학교 건물을 사용하고 있는 경우가 적지 않아 안전상의 문제마저 안고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 건물의 내구 연한이 그 한계에 달해 가고 유지보수비용이 계속적으로 늘어 경제성을 잃어 가고 있는 학교들을 대상으로 한 재건축과제가 신설 학교의 신축 또는 기존학교의 이전 못지 않은 주요 과제로 대두되고 있다. 더욱이 기존 학교의 재건축사업은 수업을 진행시켜가며 철거 및 신축공사가 단계적으로 수행돼야 한다는 어려움을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교의 재건축을 위한 기본적인 자료를 정리하고 배치 및 평면 계획을 중심으로 한 계획 대안을 작성, 검토하여 대안별 장단점을 분석한 후 가장 바람직하다고 평가되는 안을 제시하는 것을 연구의 범위로 하였다. 계획안의 작성에 앞서 실시된 문헌조사 및 실측조사를 통하여, 신축되는 홍파초등학교에 필요한 시설의 내용 및 규모가 산정되었는데 특기할 사항은 좁은 대지임에도 불구하고 가능한 체육관 시설을 포함시키고자 하였다는 것이다. 홍파초등학교 부지는 $8,960m^2$ 정도밖에 안되는 좁은 부지로서 운동장도 제대로 확보할 수 없는 상황이었으나 체육관의 높은 활용도 및 장래의 필요성을 고려하여 소규모라도 계획되는 것이 바람직하다고 판단하였다. 열린교육에의 대응, 제반 특별교실의 확충, 식당 및 지하주차장의 확보 등 모든 시설이 현재 및 장차의 사용에 적합하도록 계획하여 현 시설의 1.5배 정도의 연면적을 갖는 신축 계획안을 작성하였다. 서울대학교와 광운대학교에서 분담하여 실시된 계획안의 작성을 통하여 총 4개의 계획안이 도출되었으며 이 대안들을 채광 및 환기, 학년별 zoning, 기능별 zoning, 열린교실의 정도, 지역사회에의 개방성, 재건축 공사의 용이성, 규모, 옥외공간의 활용성, 동선 계획, 조형성 등 10개 항목을 기준으로 평가하였다. 이러한 비교분석을 통하여 결론적으로 제1안을 최적안으로 제시하게 되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 구체적인 최종 설계안이 도출되기를 기대하는 바이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.126-133
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• 2005

Securing of radioactive waste disposal site and the related operations for disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive waste is being actively carried out in Korea. For disposal of radioactive wastes, physicochemical and radiological status and integrity of radioactive wastes must be secured first. Also, waste generators must provide this information to disposers. In addition, to secure the safety of waste disposal, waste acceptance criteria (WAC) and site specific waste acceptance criteria (SWAC) to consider characteristics of the disposal site are required. Radioactive wastes must be processed, generated, managed and transferred in accordance with these criteria. [1] For this, evaluation of properties on each of the radioactive wastes must be performed. However, in reality, atomic power plants are experiencing difficulties in relation to this due to the large quantity of radioactive waste generation. In order to solve this problem, IAEA and major overseas countries have developed, thus are using waste certification program (WCP) and quality assurance program (QAP) [2,3]. On the basis of these programs, radioactive waste certification program has been developed for safe disposal of radioactive wastes in Korea to satisfy the provisions specified in 'low and intermediate level radioactive waste transfer guidelines' of announcement No. 2005-18 from the Ministry of Science and Technology and specific site waste acceptance criteria (tentative plan). In addition, it is being planned to administer amendment on commercial atomic power plant related procedures and ensile staff training in order for early introduction and operation of radioactive waste certification system.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

In the present study, a ground heat exchanger was installed for each heat source in the system at the site to evaluate ground heat conductivity, constructability, and economic feasibility; the factors considered in the study included ground heat, groundwater, fillers (such as bentonite and pea pebbles) and the shape of the heat exchange pipe (e.g., U and D-U). The aim was to determine the ground heat exchanger appropriate for the geothermal system in the 3rd-phase construction of Incheon International Airport. A comparative cost analysis of the initial costs based on the above information showed that although the initial costs of the regular vertical closed loop-II and modified vertical closed loop were lower than those of the regular vertical closed loop-I, they could not be expected to deliver high economic efficiency from the viewpoint of constructability (filler injection, heat exchange pipe insertion). The initial costs proved to be higher in the case of Geohil.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2007

Recently, existing river improvement methods for flood control purpose have changed into nature friendly river improvement methods and the efforts to improve the river environment including river restoration have been made, and close-to-nature river improvement and nature friendly river restoration are actively conducted all over the country. In the present situation where various revetment methods are used after the introduction of the concept of close-to-nature river improvement, the environmental characteristics of rivers need to be considered to apply more suitable revetment methods. Therefore, as a precedent study for the development of revetment evaluation techniques and methods for close-to-nature river improvement, the present study suggested evaluation techniques using detailed survey items through field survey. Evaluation items of hydraulic stability consist of mode of streamline, stream bed gradient, flow velocity and tractive force ratio and those of environmental efficiency consist of revetment of vegetation, state of river water, land use of the terrace land on the river, vegetation and materials of the terrace land on the river. Each item was graded with the point 1 through 5. Hydraulic stability and environmental efficiency was evaluated by the points which were averaged in each items. As the result of the application of the proposed evaluation technique, it was found that a number of existing revetments excessively focus on hydraulic stability with little consideration about environmental term. It is expected that the proposed technique in the present study can be used as a base for providing guidelines to construct the design and construction of revetments in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 지자체의 계획수립 정책과 마을주민의 요구를 분석하여 농촌마을 재개발을 위한 지역계획 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 마을재개발 주요 내용으로는 생활편의성 향상 뿐만 아니라 자연환경, 역사문화와 같은 어메니티 자원과 경관자원 등의 보전과 활용이 포함되어야 한다는 관점을 취하였다. 마을주민에 대한 설문조사와 마을재개발 계획수립 과정 및 결과에 분석을 토대로, 농촌마을재개발 계획의 특징을 파악한 후, 향후 발전을 위한 과제를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 마을재개발시 국토이용계획과 농촌특성을 반영할 수 있도록 토지이용 및 농촌개발 관련법을 보완해야 한다. 둘째, 농촌지역에 주거 및 취락지구를 도입하여 체계적인 마을정비가 이루어질 수 있도록 유도해 나갈 필요가 있다. 셋째, 지역계획수립 체계를 토지이용계획과 마을재개발 추진에 적합한 형태로 확립, 운영토록 한다. 넷째, 마을개발 부지 확보를 원활하게 할 수 있는 방향으로 농지교환분합 제도를 활성화해 나가도록 한다. 다섯째, 지역계획과 마을재개발이 유기적으로 연계되어 추진될 수 있도록 우선 개발 마을을 선정하고, 마을주민의 요구를 반영한 마을발전계획을 수립하며, 농촌취락지구와 같은 농촌토지 용도지구를 도입, 운영할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 마을재개발 시범사업의 추진 및 평가를 토대로 체계적인 본 사업을 확대, 시행해 나가는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 일곱째, 농촌지역의 낙후도를 고려한 사업지원 및 추진에 차등화 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1988

In order to develop a food-chain computer code suitable to the environmental conditions of Korea, the FOOD III code was partially modified. The excution results for Korean male-adult were compared to those from the Canadian version of FOOD III to deduce a more realistic approach in dose assessment. The amounts of Mn-54, Co-58, Co-60, I-131 and I-132 released from Kori unit 1 in1984 were used as the source terms for the sample calculation. The maximum atmospheric dispersion factor(X/Q) value on the site boundary was applied. Through the code modification, organ doses decreased by about $20{\sim}70%$ and the effective committed dose equivalent by about 40% to be $7.935{\times}10^{-6}Sv/y$ which is 0.16% of the ICRP limit, $5{\times}10^{-3}Sv/y$.