• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.385-397
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• 2020

This study investigated whether swimming exercises improves obesity through regulation of angiogenesis in white adipose tissue. Female mice with high-fat diets were divided into sham-operated group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), and swim-trained ovariectomized group (OVX + Swim). Compared to the Sham, OVX increased body weight, adipose tissue mass and size of adipocyte. However, these factors (: such as body weight, adipose tissue mass and size of adipocyte) of OVX + Swim decreased compared with OVX. Compared with the Sham, OVX increased the mRNA expression of angiogenic activator and MMPs and decreased the mRNA expression of angiogenic inhibitors in white adipose tissue. But OVX + Swim decreased the mRNA expression of angiogenic activator and MMPs and increased the mRNA expression of angiogenic inhibitors in white adipose tissue, compared with the OVX. Theses results suggested that swimming exercises the angiogenesis in white adipose tissue, resulting to improve obesity in high-fat diet-fed female OVX mice.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

It was investigated whether a combination of PPARα activator fenofibrate and swimming exercise (H/F/S) would have a beneficial synergistic effect on improving inflammation of white adipose tissue compared to the single prescription of fenofibrate (H/F) and swimming exercise (H/S) in male mice that fed high fat diet. The body weight, weight of white adipose tissue and total cholesterol levels in the serum increased in mice-fed high fat diets (H) compared to mice-fed low fat diets (L). Compared to H, both H/F and H/S decreased these. These levels reduced by fenofibrate were more effectively reduced by the combination of fenofibrate and swimming exercise (H/F/S). As a result of examining the expression of inflammatory cytokines genes and fatty acid oxidation genes in white adipose tissue, H increased compared to L, both H/F and H/S decreased compared to H, and H/F/S decreased further compared to H/F. Thus, this study revealed that the combination of fenofibrate and swimming exercise in male mice fed high-fat diet suppresses inflammation of white adipose tissue caused by obesity through promoted fatty acid oxidation more effectively than the fenofibrate alone, and suggested a practical way to improve inflammation of adipose tissue caused by obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.925-935
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• 2023

It was investigated whether PPARα activator more effectively inhibits angiogenesis of white adipose tissue in exercise mice that ate high fat diet compared to non-exercise mice that ate high fat diet. Male mice were randomly divided into a control group not treated with a PPARα activator fenofibrate and exercise (Con), a group treated with fenofibrate alone (FF), a group treated with exercise alone (Ex), and a group treated with a combination of fenofibrate and exercise (Ex+FF). (Ex+FF). All mice was fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The weight of white adipose tissue and the size of white adipocytes decreased in FF, Ex, and Ex+FF compared to Con, and decreased more in Ex+FF Ex+FF compared to FF. In white adipose tissue, the gene expression of MMPs and angiogenic factors decreased in FF, Ex, and Ex+FF compared to Con, and more decreased in Ex+FF compared to FF. On the other hand, gene expression of angiogenic inhibitors increased in FF, Ex and Ex+FF compared to Con, and increased more in Ex+FF compared to FF. Therefore, this study revealed that the combined treatment of fenofibrate and exercise effectively inhibits the angiogenesis of white adipose tissue, reducing the increase in white adipose tissue and suppressing abdominal obesity, rather than the single treatment of fenofibrate.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1153-1163
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• 2019

In women, obesity rises with menopause. By comparing the dose-dopendent effects of genistein on regulation of body weight and lipid levels with swimming exercise in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women, the effective dose of genistein on obesity control was investigated. Ovariectomized female mice were divided into control group, swimming exercise group and genistein concentration (0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1% wt/wt) treatment group and all mice fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The three different genistein doses as well as swimming decreased body weight, white adipose tissue mass, plasma lipid levels and lipid accumulation in liver, compared with control OVX mice. These decrease effectiveness of genistein showed dose-dependent manner, and is most effective at 0.1% genistein concentration, and paralleled effects of swimming on body weight, white adipose tissue, plasma lipid levels and lipid accumulation in liver. This present findings indicate that optimal dose of genistein in feamle OVX mice have a similar effect to swimming exercise on improvement of obesity. Intake of dietary genistein supplements will help obesity prevention in postmenopausal women.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 2009

Purpose: Hibernoma is a very rare benign soft tissue tumor of the hypervascularized brown fat tissue with no malignant potential. Materials and Methods: However, it is difficult to differentiate a hibernoma from other malignant tumors, such as liposarcoma using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and a surgical resection with histological confirmation is the treatment of choice. Results: Histopathologically, hibernoma is composed of brown adipose cells that are polygonal and multivacuolated with a centrally located nucleus and granular cytoplasm, unlike white adipose cells. Conclusion: This article describes a patient with a histologically-confirmed hibernoma of the right shoulder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1037-1045
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• 2021

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and since obesity is associated with dietary factors and sedentary lifestyles, it is a disease that is readily developing in the modern population. Because obesity is accompanied by serious complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, prevention and treatment are important. Currently, drugs such as liraglutide and phentermine are used to treat obesity by suppressing appetite and inducing gastrointestinal motility delay. However, various side effects may occur, including thyroid cancer, cardiovascular problems, and central nervous system disorders. Therefore, to explore an obesity treatment method with relatively few side effects, a method known as "fat browning" was introduced to change white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue to increase energy consumption. Ongoing studies are attempting to find effective natural substances to safely induce browning. Many natural substances have been identified. The induction of browning by treatment with natural substances generally involves three mechanisms: positive control of browning-inducing factors, inhibition of differentiation into white adipose tissue, and the activation of mechanisms related to browning. In this study, we describe plant extracts with known browning-inducing effects, such as strawberry, black raspberry, cinnamomum cassia, and Ecklonia stolonifera extracts. We also summarize the underlying mechanisms of action identified thus far, including the signaling pathway mediated by these extracts to induce browning. Furthermore, the effects of brown adipose tissue generated through browning on heart disease as an endocrine organ disruptor are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2995-3000
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of testosterone on the improvement of white adipose tissue explant and its molecular mechanism in adipose tissue of high fat diet-fed male castrated (CAST) mice. The CAST mice treated with testosterone had lower adipose tissue weights, the average size of adipocytes and mRNA levels of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ as well as adipocyte marker genes than the vehicle-treated CAST mice. These results suggest that testosterone prevent the expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$-mediated adipocyte marker genes, resulting in decreased adipose tissue mass and adipocyte metabolism in male CAST mice. Moreover, this study give a valuable molecular and biological knowledge on testosterone therapy in obese hypogonadal men.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.482-487
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• 2014

This study is to investigate the effects of testosterone on adipogenesis and its molecular mechanism using RT-PCR analysis and transient transfection assays. Castrated(CAST) mice treated with testosterone had lower white adipose tissue weights and expression of adipocyte-specific genes($PPAR{\gamma}$ and aP2) than CAST control mice. Consistent with the in vivo data, testosterone treatment inhibited triglyceride accumulation and expression of adipocyte-specific genes($PPAR{\gamma}$ and aP2) in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells compared with control group. Testosterone-activated androgen receptor(AR) repressed the luciferase reporter gene activity induced by $PPAR{\gamma}$ transfection. Thus, these results suggest that testosterone downregulates the actions of $PPAR{\gamma}$ on adipogenesis through AR.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.537-541
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• 2008

White adipose tissue is now recognized as an important endocrine organ which secretes various signal factors and proteins termed 'adipokine'. Haptoglobin (Hp), which has been known as an acute phase protein, belongs to the adipokine. However, the function of Hp in adipose tissue remains unclear. To verify the role of Hp in preadipocytes, in this study, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were stably transfected with human Hp gene and Hp-overexpressing cells were made. The Hp had no effect on cell growth of preadipocytes. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, the Hp inhibited gene expression of IL-6 and COX-2 and enhanced HO-1 synthesis in preadipocytes. Moreover, invasion assay showed the Hp suppressed migration of monocytes to preadipocytes. These findings suggest that the Hp may inhibit an inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue by regulating the expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and by repressing monocytes/macrophages infiltration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.788-795
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• 2002

This study described the effect of levan (9-2,6-linked fructose polymer) feeding on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in growing rats. Levan was synthesized from sucrose using bacterial levansucrase. UCP is a mitochondrial protein that uncouples the respiratory chain from oxidative Phosphorylation and generates heat instead of ATP, thereby increase energy expenditure. We observed that 3% or 5% levan containing diet reduced serum triglyceride levels, visceral and peritoneal fat mass and induced the UCP expression in rats fed high fat diet in previous study. To determine whether the intake of low level of levan may have the hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect, 4 wk old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed AIN-76A diet for 6 wk, and sub-sequently fed 1% or 2% levan solution for further 5 wk. Intake of 1% levan in liquid form reduced serum triglyceride and serum total cholesterol levels to 50% and 66% of control group, respectively. Although epididymal and peritoneal fat masses were not affected by levan feeding, visceral fat mass was lower in 1% levan group compared to control group. The expression of UCP2 mRNA in brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle were not changed by levan feeding, while the UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue was up-regulated by levan feeding. In conclusions, intake of low level of levan solution reduced serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, restrained the visceral fat accumulation and increased UCP expression in white adipose tissue in rats. This study suggests that hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect of levan attributed to anti-lipogenesis and inefficeint energy utilization by up-regulation of UCPs.