• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2002

The Parks'landscape lighting at night influences people's visual comfort, safety and so on. So, this study aims to suggest new lighting plan in Han Kang(river) Parks for improving the city beautification in Seoul. Therefore, field survey was performed in two parks. And The lighting fixtures ware investigated, and horizontal illuminations were measured by Topcon-IM5 to compare with the Korea Standard Some findings and problems were discussed. As a result, to improve the lighting quantity and duality of the concept, light source lighting fixtures and installation were suggested, and the scenes of suggested lighting plan ware indicated by computer graphics.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.652-663
• /
• 2019

To identify daily and annual changes in outdoor airborne fungi, it is necessary to shorten the collection cycle and increase the number of measurements. In this study, measurements were performed by employing an air sampler and potato dextrose agar media on the rooftop of National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage during a period of one year (August 2018 to July 2019). The collection cycle spanned the twenty-four seasonal divisions and the collection time was 2 p.m. and 11 p.m.. Meteorological elements were collected at intervals of one hour. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne fungi was monitored and correlation analysis with meteorological elements was subsequently conducted. Obtained results indicate that the concentration of airborne fungi is found to be highest in November, autumn, night, followed by autumn, summer, winter, and spring. The concentration, type, and dominant species of airborne fungi can vary depending on factors such as rainfall, typhoons, and yellow dust (fine dust). The concentration of airborne fungi indicates a strong positive linear relationship between precipitation, number of precipitation days, and relative humidity. The concentration of airborne fungi was related to the period of increase of dead plants in terms of nutrition source, and to the high relative humidity conditions including rainfall in terms of meteorological elements.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2002

The time for evacuation of residents in emergency planning zone(EPZ) of Uljin nuclear site in case of a radiological emergency was estimated with traffic analysis. Evacuees were classified into 4 groups by considering population density, local jurisdictions, and whether they ate residents or transients. The survey to investigate the behavioral characteristics of the residents was made for 200 households and included a hypothetical scenario explaining the accident situation and questions such as dwelling place, time demand for evacuation preparation transportation means for evacuation, sheltering place, and evacuation direction. The microscopic traffic simulation model, CORSIM, was used to simulate the behavior of evacuating vehicles on networks. The results showed that the evacuation time required for total vehicles to move out from EPZ took longer in the daytime than at night in spite that the delay times at intersections were longer at night than in the daytime. This was analyzed due to the differences of the trip generation time distribution. To validate whether the CORSIM model fan appropriately simulate the congested traffic phenomena assumable in case of emergency, a benchmark study was conducted at an intersection without an actuated traffic signal near Uljin site during the traffic peak-time in the morning. This study indicated that the predicted output by the CORSIM model was in good agreement with the observed data. satisfying the purpose of this study.

• The Journal of Bigdata
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2021

Ddareungi, a public bicycle service in Seoul, establishes itself as a means of daily transportation for citizens in Seoul. We speculated that the pattern of using Ddareungi may have changed since COVID-19. This study explores changes in using Ddareungi after COVID-19 with descriptive statistical analysis and network analysis. The analysis results are summarized as follows. The average traveling distance and average traveling speed have decreased over the entire time in a day since COVID-19. The round trip rate has increased at dawn and morning and has decreased in the evening and night. The average weighted degree and average clustering coefficient have decreased, and the modularity has increased. The clusters, located north of the Han River in Seoul, had a similar geographic distribution before and after COVID-19. However, the clusters, located south of the Han River, had different geographic distributions after COVID-19. Traveling routes added to the top 5 traffic rankings after COVID-19 had an average traveling distance of fewer than 1,000 meters. We expect that the results of this study will help improve the public bicycle service in Seoul.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 2013

We desinged and evaluated a remote-sensing sex pheromone trap for real-time monitoring of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a migratory insect in Korea. The system consisted of a modified cone-trap with a sex pheromone lure, a sensing module based on light interruption, a signal transmission module based on code division multiple access, a main electronic board for system control, a power supply based on a solar collector, a stainless steel-pole supporting the system, and a signal collection and display system based on an internet web page. The ratio (>92%) of the actual number of insects to the signal number in the remote-sensing trap was improved by sensing only within a limited period at night on the basis of the insect's circadian rhythm, control of signal sensitivity on the basis of sensing software programming, 1-h interval for signal transmission, and adjustment of the signal transmission program. The signal occurrence pattern in the remote-sensing trap was conclusively similar (correlation coefficient, >0.98) to the actual pattern of adult occurrence in the trap. The result indicated that the remote-sensing trap based on the attraction of the sex pheromone lure for M. separata has a promising potential for practical use. Occurrence of M. separata adults was observed several times in 2011 and 2012, and the peaks were sharp.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2004

Temporal changes of Chl-α, physical and chemical factors were investigated by diurnal observation at 2-hour interval at three fixed stations in the western Chinhae Bay from 12 Aug. to 13 Aug. 1999. Difference of dissolved oxygen between surface and bottom layer was maximum when the thermocline were strong. Organic distribution such as COD was affected by the growth of phytoplankton. Limitting factor was nitrogen, that is, inorganic nitrogen plays a significant role on regulating the algal growth. Surface distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was very low compared to bottom layer by uptake of organisms. Maximum value of Chl-α at station C2 and C11 were observed from subsurface layer, ranges of which exceeded possibility concentration of red tide outbreak, 10 mg/㎥. On the other hand, that of C15 exist at surface layer. In this area, DIN and DIP concentrations increased by input sources such as rainfall and benthic flux before the bloom of phytoplankton. Accumulation of phytoplankton occurred at subsurface layer by the rapid uptake of DIN, especially nitrate ion, when strong thermocline existed as approach to the afternoon, which led to the increase of organics in water column and oxygen deficiency water mass at bottom layer until late at evening. Since then, DIN increases gradually as water temperature decrease to minimum. The quantitative understanding of nitrogen of fluxed to and from the various sources is necessary for environmental management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

Movement of adult Monochamus alternatus was investigated on young black pine, Pinus thunbergii, trees for about one month in a screen cage. Number of pine trees to which M. alternatus females and males moved during the experimental period was $6.4{\pm}1.4$ and $7.2{\pm}1.5$ out of 15 trees, respectively. Adult females and males moved to $0.2{\pm}0.1$ and $0.3{\pm}0.1$ tree per day, respectively. A 74.6 and 80.7% of adult females and males moved at night (17:00-08:00) to other trees. After moving, most beetles (72.6% of females and 76.0% of males) stayed on the tree to which they moved for one to two days. Some beetles stayed for up to seven days.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2021

In this paper, the writer studies the lighting technology and types used in urban night lighting performance. With the continuous change and innovation of life style in today's society, the multiple functions of the city continue to develop. At present, urban night lighting is not limited to lighting the landscape in the daytime by lighting tools. It uses new digital lighting technology to deduce innovative and constantly changes digital nightscape. In this way, through the integration of urban nighttime lighting and modern digital art, the city's brand image can be improved and its economic development will also be affected. In this way, through the integration of urban nighttime lighting and modern digital art, the city's brand image can be improved and its economic development will also be affected. With the development of innovative lighting technology, urban night scene will provide more rich experience in media design.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2020

Microclimatic data were measured, and the human thermal sensation was analyzed at 10 local climate zones based on the major land cover classification to investigate the thermal environment of urban areas during summer nighttime. From the results, the green infrastructure areas (GNIAs) showed an average air temperature of 1.6℃ and up to 2.4℃ lower air temperature than the gray infrastructure areas (GYIAs), and the GNIAs showed an average relative humidity of 9.0% and up to 15.0% higher relative humidity. The wind speed of the GNIAs and GYIAs had minimal difference and showed no significance at all locations, except for the forest location, which had the lowest wind speed owing to the influence of trees. The local winds and the surface roughness, which was determined based on the heights of buildings and trees, appeared to be the main factors that influenced wind speed. At the mean radiant temperature, the forest location showed the maximum value, owing to the influence of trees. Except at the forest location, the GNIAs showed an average decrease of 5.5℃ compared to GYIAs. The main factor that influenced the mean radiant temperature was the sky view factor. In the analysis of the human thermal sensation, the GNIAs showed a "neutral" thermal perception level that was neither hot nor cold, and the GYIAs showed a "slightly warm" level, which was a level higher than those of the GNIAs. The GNIAs showed a 3.2℃ decrease compared to the GYIAs, except at the highest forest location, which indicated a half-level improvement in the human thermal environment.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2015

This study attempts to introduce the methodology for accounting real-time population distribution in the urban areas. For the purpose, we utilize the media user's time-space information from the media users' media diaries in the media panel survey databases. We analyze the space-time population rate for each activity space related with everyday urban lifes. Seoul has been selected as a case study area, since space-time information are relatively rich there, and thus the comparisons are available. The space-time population rates have been verified by the comparative analysis with the T-card results. We propose a real time population measurement method by combination of the space-time population rate with geographical data. The real time population of each activity space at each dong in Seoul has been calculated by multiplying the space-time population rates to the numbers of employer of three categories of activity spaces(residential, working, and commercial). By utilizing GIS, we visualize the results of two time points (3AM and 3PM) and then analyze the spacio-temporal characteristics of real time population distribution in Seoul. The Day time population distribution pattern shows strong relationships with the distribution of business and commercial activities, while the night time population distribution pattern can be explained by resident population distribution almost perfectly.