• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2013

The present study aimed at investigating how Korean housekeeper in midlife revaluate their lives. For this purpose, 14 housekeepers whose youngest child was at least older than high school students were interviewed in a semi-structured retrospective method. The interview was focused on relational, psychological, and economical aspects of the participants before and after marriage each. The interview usually continued one and a half to two hours. The phenomenological method describing personal meaning of experiences was referred to for data analyses by transforming retrospective life story of participants into key meaningful units. According to main retrospective contents of each stage of development, the participants' childhood and adolescence was characterized by familial circumstances, formation of personality and value, and career choice. Main themes of their early adulthood were spouse selection and marriage, marital adaptation, and family relationships. Their midlife focused on children, economic and emotional stability, family relationships, acceptance of their spouse and themselves, and health and religion. Life styles of the participants were analyzed in terms of turning events, meanings of current life, and cumulative effects of life events. These findings were discussed in terms of developmental pattern in relation to the established theory of development.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-75
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• 2008

Research on moral judgment has been dominated by rational factor or moral emotion, in which moral judgment is thought to be caused by moral reasoning or moral intuitions. This research demonstrates that offender' anger can influence moral judgment. The study examined the role of offender's anger (control group versus anger group) on moral domain ( life, interpersonal ethic, traffic regulation: 6 case) : 2(groups) ×6(cases) mixed design. Participants were asked to judge the offender, case, sympathy and one's anger about the him or her who offended against the law or convention. Participants who perceived the offender's anger tended to assess questionnaire generous. In interpersonal ethic domain, participants have not been affected by anger. There was not significantly differences between two groups in interpersonal ethic domain. The results of experiment confirmed hypotheses that influence of anger varies with the moral domains affected a value system of culture. These findings indicate functional emotion for moral judgment and suggest people may be decide how much emotion is considered on moral judgment performance according to moral domains.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-76
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• 2002

Using open-ended questionnaires, two studies were conducted to explore social representations held by Korean undergraduates on children, adults and adolescents. Study 1 compared between children and adults with responses reported by 97 undergraduates(men: 28, women: 69). According to the results, characteristics of children distinctive from adults were basically personality-related and in particular, typical children were marked by high extroversion, low agreeableness, conscientiousness and culture. Further, happiness for both children and adults was determined mainly by interpersonal relationships, physical health and socio-economical status. However, good(or desirable) children characteristic of high agreeableness and conscientiousness were more similar to adults worthy of the name than to children worthy of the name. Using 57 undergraduates(men: 16, women: 41), Study 2 explored social representations of adolescents. The results indicated that overall adolescence were on the bridging state between childhood and adulthood. Happiness for adolescents, like both children and adults, was determined mainly by interpersonal relationships and socio-economical status. Finally, agreeableness, conscientiousness, self-, task- and relationship-related characteristics were involved in judging good(or desirable) adolescents. These findings were discussed in terms of features of Korean culture and human development.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.921-939
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• 2019

According to the social selectivity theory (SST), despite the disadvantages of life conditions, older adults experience less negative emotions because they regulate their emotions by avoiding negative stimuli or situations. Based on the SST, this study attempted to find out whether older adults are better able to regulate negative emotions than young adults in the Ultimatum Game (UG). In an UG, if the proposer proposes to distribute a portion of the money to the responder, the responder must decide whether to accept or reject it. If the responder accepts the offer, the proposer and the responder can each have their own share as proposed, but if s/he reject the offer, both get nothing. Thus, if the responder considers own economic benefits, it is a more reasonable decision to accept the unfair offer no matter how low, than to reject it. To accept an unfair offer, the responder must regulate the anger felt at the proposer. If older adults could regulate anger better than young adults, they would be less likely to reject the unfair offer than young adults. Fifty-seven olders and 60 university students participated in this study. Both the older and young adults accepted most of the fair offers. In contrast, older adults accepted unfair offers at a significantly higher rate than young adults. In addition, compared to young adults, older adults reported anger less frequently at the unfair offers. Accepting unfair offers was negatively correlated with anger report, but positively correlated with the emotion regulation measured by ERQ. The ERQ score was negatively correlated with anger report. Emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between the age groups and acceptance of unfair offers. The present results showed that older adults accepted the unfair offers at a higher rate than young adults because they could regulate the negative emotions felt at the unfair offer better than young adults. This study provided new evidence for the claim that improving emotional regulation is a major developmental change in adulthood.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2019

Alexithymia refers to a psychological deficit of identifying and describing one's feelings. It has benn reported that the level of alexithymia of East-Asians is generally higher than that of Western Europeans. Recently one research conducted in U.S. suggested that the interdependent self-construal from East-Asians' collectivism culture might be a cause of this cross-cultural difference. In the current study, we examined the relationship between the level of independent and interdependent self-construal of Korean college students and their level of alexithymia, as well as their ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and emotion suppression. The correlation analysis shows that the Korean students' alexithymia level does not correlate with their level of interdependent self-construal, but negatively correlates with their level of independent self-construal. Moreover, it is also correlated with the level of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness(AEE) and emotion suppression(ES). Thus, we setup a double-mediation model between the deficiency of independent self-construal and alexithymia via AEE and ES, and estimate mediation effects using Hayes and Preacher(2014)s' Process analysis. The results show that the deficiency of independent self-construal has a direct effect as well as indirect effects of AEE and ES on the alexithymia level. Further analysis on the indirect effects reveals that the mediation effect of AEE and the double mediation effect of ES via AEE are significant, but the mediation effect of ES is not significant. Current results imply that the interdependent self-construal from the traditional collectivistic culture may not cause Korean college students' problems on the emotional expression, but the relatively lower independent self-construal may cause them. The deficiency of independent self-constural may raise up the level of self-defensive ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and suppress emotional expression by themselves, which can result in alexithymia.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-275
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• 2016

Many students have dualistic beliefs about mathematics and its learning- for example, there is always just one right answer in mathematics and their role in the classroom is receiving and absorbing knowledge from teacher and textbook. This article investigated some epistemic implications and limitations of common mathematics teaching practices, which often present mathematical facts(or procedures) and treat students' errors in a certain and absolute way. Langer and Piper's (1987) experiment and Oliveira et al.'s (2012) study suggested that presenting knowledge in conditional language which allows uncertainty can foster students' productive epistemological beliefs. Changing the focus and patterns of classroom communication about students' errors could help students to overcome their dualistic beliefs. This discussion will contribute to analyze the implicit epistemic messages conveyed by mathematics instructions and to investigate teaching strategies for stimulating students' epistemic development in mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to review the literatures on the evolutionary perspective on education and to draw the educational implications for science education. This study addresses on several topics as follows: our common misunderstandings about the evolutionary perspective on education; children's inherent knowledge and abilities, their learning about the evolutionarily novel knowledge and abilities in school, their difficulties in academic learning, and the instructional strategies to cope with the difficulties; and the implications for science education from the evolutionary perspective. The evolutionary perspective on education has provided new insights how culturally important information is transmitted across generations in the past hunting-gathering societies and the modern societies, and how children's inherent motivational and behavioral dispositions affect their academic learning. In addition, the new perspective on education can be used to generate empirical hypotheses about children's science learning, and with the further research, could lead to useful implications and ultimately improve educational outcomes.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the Group Reminiscence Counseling on ego integrity, depression and death anxiety of the institutionalized compared to the home stay elderly. This study is conducted for 16 weeks from March 9, 2010 to June 22, 2010. The subjects of experimental group consisted of 14 elderly persons of G city. The control group consisted 13 who matched in D city. The experimental group was provided with group 60 minutes session once a week during 16 weeks. The results of this study were first, the experimental group showed higher statistically significant mean scores than control in ego integrity. second, the experimental group showed lower statistically significant mean scores than control in depression and death anxiety. Based on the above results, elder's ego integrity was improved, elder's depression and death anxiety were decreased after reminiscence counseling. it is expected that the group reminiscence counseling can be used as one program to improvement the psychological well-being of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.45-66
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• 2005

This study verified the effects of violent PC games and aggressive personality on aggressive behavior and aggressive intention as predicted by GAM in Anderson and Bushman (2002), and a correlational study and experimental research were carried out to corroborate a differences of the effects of the two variables according to the developmental levels. The correlational study showed that aggressive personality was an explanatory variable for aggressive behavior; however, exposure to violent PC games was not a significant factor, contrary to the predictions by GAM. It has been clarified that the effects of the two variables influenced aggressive behavior in a different way according to the developmental levels. Further, no positive relation existed between repetitive (chronic) violent PC game plays and aggressive personality. The experimental research analyzed the differences of aggressive intention in each of the experimental conditions designed with a 2(PC games types: violent vs. non-violent) x 2(aggressive personality: high vs. low) x 2 (developmental levels: middle school boys and college students) between-subjects factorial design. As a result, violent PC games had an effect on aggressive intention for the middle school boy group, while it was supported that aggressive personality had an effect on aggressive intention for both middle school and college students. Noticeably, the primary hypothesis in the study has been supported that the effects of violent PC games and aggressive personality on aggressive intention vary according to different age groups. In conclusion, the effects of violent PC games and aggressive personality as predicted by GAM have been confirmed in parts; however, future studies on GAM must be necessarily supplemented with the developmental perspectives, as it has been ascertained that the effects of the variables vary according to the developmental levels.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 1999

Interpersonal trust is the mutual "faithfulness" on which all social relationship ultimately depend and applicable to the relations among people rather than to their psychological states taken individually. Recent development in the organizational sciences reflect the importance of interpersonal trust relationships for sustaining individual and organizational effectiveness, researchers have recongnized trust's influence on coordination and control at both institutional and interpersonal levels of organization. Because economic action is embeded within networks of social relationships. researchers have argued that efficiency within complex systems of coordinated action is only possible when interdependent actors work together effectively. Thus, for managers and professionals in organizations, developing and maintaining trust relationship is especially import. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of interpersonal trust in the organization. Especially, the major concern of this study is to verify role of interpersonal trust in the member's task behaviork behavior