• Title/Summary/Keyword: 박자

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The Melodic Structure of the Bulmosan Youngsanjae, Ongho-ge (불모산 영산재 범패 옹호게의 선율구조)

  • Choi, Heon
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.34
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    • pp.383-421
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    • 2017
  • Because the Jitsori and the Hotsori of the Beompae(the Korean Budhhist chant) has no meter and no Jangdan(a Rhythmic cycle of the Korean Music), so it is hard to analyze the melody of the Beompae. Also the melody of the Beompae is different from that of the other Korean traditional music, so studying of the Beompae has been out of the limelight of many scholars, studying the Korean music. But the melody of Beompae had been handed down for thousands of years in Korea, it and other Korean trditional music, had exchanged the impacts each other for a longtime. So I thinks that the Korean Beomapae have shared the similarity of the musical features with the other Korean traditional music. Because the Beompae of the Bulmosan Yeongsanjae on the Geongsangnamdo province has also no meters and no Jangdan, it is difficult to understand, too. But because the Onghoge of Bulmosan Yeongsanjae have a well-regulated melodic structure in comparison with the Beompae of the Seoul province, so called Geongjae Beompae, it seem to be easy to analyze its melody. So I will analyze the melody of Bulmosan Yeongsanjae Onghoge. This analyze should be contribute to investigate the rule of the melodic progress method on the convoluted Beompae melody. Onghoge has been sung on the procedure for Siryeon, Samsiniun(Goebuliun), Jojeonjeoman, Sinjungjakbeop. And the monk for the ritual has sung the chant first to purify the ritual place and to protect the soul. They has called the song, Onghoge a Jitsori at the Bulmosan Yeongsanjae preservation society of the Gyeongnam province. Commonly, there were Jitsori and Hotsori in the Beompae melody, and the melody of Jitsori is longer than that of the Hotsori. So, the melody of Onghoge is lengthened. In other word, the melody of the Onghoge show the lengthened and curved melodic feture of the Beompae very well. Hahn Manyeong, who had studied on the Beompae, Budhhist chant, said that the Hotsori has five letters in a phrase, and there were 4 phrases in a song. And he had insisted that the form of the song, Hotsori, is ABAB. I analyze the melody of the Onghoge by the Hahn's method. I will extract the Wonjeom(a primary tone of a skeletal melodic structure) from the melody of Onghoge, and in the progress of the Wonjeom of Onghoge melodies, I will arrange the repeat of the Wonjeom melody. It is a structural melody of Onghoge. The first phrase of Bulmosan Yeongsanjae Onghoge, 'Pal bu geum gang ho do ryang(八部金剛護道場)' have 4 structural melodies, the second phrase 'Gong sin sog bu bo cheon wang(空神速赴報天王)', the third phrase 'Sam gye je cheon ham le jip(三界諸天咸來集)', the firth phrase 'Yeo geum bul chal bo jeong sang(如今佛刹補禎祥)' have 2 structural melodies each. The structural melodies of Onghoge are 10 in total. And the structural melody of the Onghoge is formed the shape of 'Mi - La - do - La - Mi'. All of the Onghoge melodies is repeated 10 times by the melodic shape. The form of the Onghoge is not ABAB by Hahn, but is 10 times repeat of the shape.

Current Situation of Employment and Factors Affecting the Job Maintenance of Women with Disabilities (여성장애인의 고용현황 및 직업유지에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Kim, Se-Yun;Ku, In-Soon;Park, Ja-Kyung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.318-329
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate current situation of employment and factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities. The second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED) and the third PSED are used to investigate current situation of employment and factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities. We analysed whether women with disability who were employed in the second PSED maintain employment in the third PSED. The results showed that women with disabilities had lower wages(p<.001) and higher non-regular work(p<.001) than men with disabilities. Also, women with disabilities experienced more consideration of job(p<.05) and working time(p<.001) than men with disabilities. The job stability among job satisfactions of women with disabilities was higher than men with disabilities. The factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities were health status(p<.05), wages(p<.05), consideration of job(p<.05).This study suggested that the health status, wages, consideration of job were needed to consider when establishing employment policy for women with disabilities.

A Study on Organizational Commitment and Goal Perception of University Librarians: A Qualitative Approach (대학도서관 사서의 조직몰입과 목표인식에 대한 연구: 질적 접근)

  • Park, Jahyun;Kim, Giyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.251-275
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    • 2014
  • This study conducted qualitative research to investigate the librarians' organizational commitment and relations between the commitment and their goal recognition in the university library context with several open-ended, deep interviews with university librarians in order to understand the relations from diverse perspectives. As a result, many participants showed low level of organizational commitment because of their hygiene factors, such as payment, incentives, relations with colleagues, and job conditions as well as motivators including characteristics of the work, sense of accomplishment, responsibility, promotion, and self-improvement. The two factors are considered to have direct impacts on their organizational commitment. Also, the research revealed that positive goal perception was related to motivators and, at the same time, hygiene factors. Accordingly, we concluded that librarians' perception of goals are closely related to both hygiene factors and motivators. We also identify that a need of a statistical study with a questionnaire survey to confirm the relations between the organizational commitment and goal perception for developing managerial measures for the organizational commitment, and further;for better library performance.

Geopotentinl Field in Nonlinear Balance with the Sectoral Mode of Rossby-Haurwitz Wave on the Inclined Rotation Axis (섹터모드의 로스비하우어비츠 파동과 균형을 이루는 고도장)

  • Cheong, Hyeong-Bin;Park, Ja-Rin
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.936-946
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    • 2007
  • Analytical geopotential field in balance with the sectoral mode (the first symmetric mode with respect to the equator) of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave on the inclined rotation axis was derived in presence of superrotation background flow. The balanced field was obtained by inverting the divergence equation with the time derivative being zero. The inversion consists of two steps, i.e., the evaluation of nonlinear forcing terms and the finding of analytical solutions based on the Poisson's equation. In the second step, the forcing terms in the from of Legendre function were readily inverted due to the fact that Legendre function is the eigenfunction of the spherical Laplacian operator, while other terms were solved either by introducing a trial function or by integrating the Legendre equation. The balanced field was found to be expressed with six zonal wavenumber components, and shown to be of asymmetric structure about the equator. In association with asymmetricity, the advantageous point of the balanced field as a validation method for the numerical model was addressed. In special cases where the strength of the background flow is a half of or exactly the same as the rotation rate of the Earth it was revealed that one of the zonal wavenumber components vanishes. The analytical balanced field was compared with the geopotential field which was obtained using a spherical harmonics spectral model. It was found that the normalized difference lied in the order of machine rounding, indicating the reliability of the analytical results. The stability of the sectoral mode of Rossby-Haurwitz wave and the associated balanced field was discussed, comparing with the flrst antisymmetric mode.

Screening of slaughter pig and pork products for hepatitis E virus in Gwangju and nearby areas (광주지역 도축 돼지 및 가공품 E형 간염 실태 조사)

  • Jeong, Hajin;Kim, Jiyeon;Choi, Insu;Seong, Changmin;Park, Jayun;Park, Jiyeong;An, Ahjin;Gwak, Jinju;Jang, Miseon;Seo, Kyewon;Kim, Yonghwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2020
  • Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is a worldwide disease and the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. It can be isolated from many different species including pigs. HEV is a zoonotic pathogen and foodborne disease. The main animal reservoir is domestic pigs. It is usually asymptomatic in pig but it is a public health concern, causing acute hepatitis in humans of varying severity. This study focused on the presence of HEV in pig and pork product. One hundred feces and one hundred fifty serum samples were randomly collected from pigs in slaughterhouses in Gwangju from November in 2018 to February in 2020. In addtion, seventy-five pork products were collected from markets in Gwangju. Feces and pork product samples were examined for the presence of HEV RNA using an reverse-transcription realtime PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Serum samples were tested for the presence of HEV-specific IgG antibodies using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV antigen and antibody positive rates were 3.0% (3/100) and 19.3% (29/150), respectively, in Gwangju and nearby areas such as Jeonnam and Jeonbuk. However, HEV antigen was not detected from any of pork product in this study. In conclusion, the prevalence of HEV should be continuously monitored because HEV was sporadically detected in Gwangju and nearby areas.

High Throughput-compatible Screening of Anti-oxidative Substances by Insect Extract Library (약용곤충추출물 라이브러리를 이용한 항산화 활성의 초고속 검색)

  • Park, Ja-Young;Heo, Jin-Chul;An, Sang-Mi;Yun, Eun-Young;Han, Sang-Mi;Hwang, Jae-Sam;Kang, Seok-Woo;Yun, Chi-Young;Lee, Sang-Han
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.482-488
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    • 2005
  • Oxidant stress is well-known for a pivotal parameter related to neuro-inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease). In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first established the infrastructure of high throughput screening for anti-oxidant agents from medicinal insect library extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. By the screening system, we found that Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, Pyrocoela rupa Olivier and Papilio maackii Mntris had strong anti-oxidant activity. Moreover, Tenodera angustipennis Saussure and Tenodera aridifolia (Stoll) exhibited protection effects of cellular damage by treatment of an oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Together, the results suggest that some selected hits could be a potential agent against neuro-inflammation, although the in vivo studies should be clearly tested.

Development of Efficient Screening Methods for Resistant Cucumber Plants to Meloidogyne incognita (오이 뿌리혹선충병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법 확립)

  • Hwang, Sung Min;Jang, Kyoung Soo;Choi, Yong Ho;Kim, Jin-Cheol;Choi, Gyung Ja
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2014
  • Root-knot nematodes represent a significant problem in cucumber, causing reduction in yield and quality. To develop screening methods for resistance of cucumber to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, development of root-knot nematode of four cucumber cultivars ('Dragonsamchuk', 'Asiastrike', 'Nebakja' and 'Hanelbakdadaki') according to several conditions such as inoculum concentration, plant growth stage and transplanting period was investigated by the number of galls and egg masses produced in each seedling 45 days after inoculation. There was no difference in galls and egg masses according to the tested condition except for inoculum concentration. Reproduction of the nematode on all the tested cultivars according to inoculum concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of the result, the optimum conditions for root-knot development on the cultivars is to transplant period of 1 week, inoculum concentration of 5,000 eggs/plant and plant growth stage of 3-week-old in a greenhouse ($25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$). In addition, under optimum conditions, resistance of 45 commercial cucumber cultivars was evaluated. One rootstock cultivar, Union was moderately resistant to the root-knot nematode. However, no significant difference was in the resistance of the others cultivar. According to the result, we suggest an efficient screening method for new resistant cucumber to the root-knot nematode, M. incognita.

Comparison of In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Cyclooxygenase-2 Promoter Inhibitory Activity in Harmonia axyridis Pallas and Coccinella septempunctata $Linn\dot{e}$ (약용곤충 무당벌레류 추출물의 항산화활성과 Cyclooxygenase-2 Promoter 억제활성 비교)

  • Heo Jin-Chul;Park Ja-Young;Hwang Jae-Sam;Park Hae-Cheol;Kang Seok-Woo;Hwang Seok-Jo;Yun Chi-Young;Kwon Taeg-Kyu;Lee Sang-Han
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.513-518
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    • 2006
  • Insect resources have been widely recognized that seven millions of insects exhibit it own biological activity by whole body or its metabolic intermediates. In order to investigate antioxidant activity and compare the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity from insect extract, we tested in vitro antioxidant assays and cyclooxygenase-2 promoter assay in Coccinella septempunctata Linne and Harmonia axyridis extracts have the anti-oxidant and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition activities, we examined the anti-oxidant assays including DPPH, FRAP and linoleic acid, ana inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression using a cyclooxygenase-2 promoter-inserted stable cell line. We found that Harmonia axyridis Pallas extract had potentials to anti-oxidant activity and inhibited about 25% of cyclooxygenase-2 transcription activity. These findings indicate that Coccinella septempunctata Linne and Harmonia axyridis Pallas extracts could be an useful insect resource for agrobiotechnological purposes.

Preparation of Perovskite-Type Oxide (La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ) Coating Solution by Sol-Gel Method (Sol-Gel법에 의한 Perovskite-Type Oxide(La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ) 코팅용액의 제조)

  • Park, Ja-Ryong;Lee, Dong-Il;Jung, Sang-Hyeok;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Sung, Jae-Suk;Song, Ki-Chang
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.740-744
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    • 2005
  • Perovskite-type oxide $La_{1-x}Sr_xCo_{1-y}Fe_yO_{3-{\delta}}$ sols were prepared by sol-gel method using $La(NO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$, $Sr(NO_3)_2$, $Co(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and $Fe(NO_3)_3{\cdot}9H_2O$ as starting materials. The properties of the perovskite-type oxide sols were investigated by viscometer, FT-IR, TG-DTA and XRD. The prepared sols showed 1.16 cp in average viscosity, and a strong acidic condition of pH 0.5, irrespective of composition of the starting materials. The viscosity of sols at the same volume decreases, but the gelation time of sols, at which the sol viscosity increases rapidly, increases when increasing La concentration in composition of starting materials.

Development of Intestinal Microorganisms and Molecular Ecological Methods for Analysis of Intestinal Ecosystem in the Neonate (신생아 장내 미생물의 형성과 이의 분석을 위한 분자 생태학적 기술)

  • Park Ja Ryeong;Bae Jin-Woo;Rhee Sung-Keun;Nam Young-Do;Oh Jong-Won;Park Yong-Ha
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 2005
  • Up to date, a number of review papers were reported on intestinal microorganisms that influence the health and disease of human being and diet that directly influence the establishment of intestinal microbial populations. Importance of studying intestinal microorganisms in the neonate arises from the easy approach to studying initial acquisition and settlement of intestinal microorganisms. Despite of the importance, few studies of neonatal intestinal microorganisms have been carried out and there is no paper focusing the factors to influence the development of intestinal microorganisms and molecular ecological methods for the analysis of intestinal ecosystem in the neonate. In this review, we summarized the status of our current knowledge of basic initial acquisition and settlement of intestinal microorganisms. And recent development of molecular ecological methods in studying the intestinal microbiology was also discussed.